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Rozen JG, Houston TF. Descriptions of the Mature Larvae of Three Australian Ground-Nesting Bees(Hymenoptera: Colletidae: Diphaglossinae and Neopasiphaeinae). AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES 2022. [DOI: 10.1206/3989.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome G. Rozen
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History
| | - Terry F. Houston
- Terrestrial Zoology (Entomology), Western Australian Museum, Perth, Western Australia
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2
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Ramos KS, Martins AC, Melo GAR. Evolution of andrenine bees reveals a long and complex history of faunal interchanges through the Americas during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 172:107484. [PMID: 35452842 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bees are presumed to have arisen in the early to mid-Cretaceous coincident with the fragmentation of the southern continents and concurrently with the early diversification of the flowering plants. Here, we apply DNA sequences from multiple genes to recover a dated phylogeny and historical biogeographic of andrenine bees, a large group of 3000 species mainly distributed in arid areas of North America, South America, and the Palearctic region. Our results corroborate the monophyly of Andreninae and points toward a South America origin for the group during the Late Cretaceous. Overall, we provide strong evidence of amphitropical distributional pattern currently observed in the American continent as result of faunal interchange in at least three historical periods, much prior to the Panama Isthmus closure. The Palearctic diversity is shown to have arisen from North America during the Eocene and Miocene, and the Afrotropical lineages likely originated from the Palearctic region in the Miocene when the Sahara Desert was mostly vegetated. The incursions from South to North America and then onto the Old World are chronological congruent with periods when open-vegetation habitats were available for trans-continental dispersal and at the times when aridification and temperature decline offered favorable circumstances for bee diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli S Ramos
- Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Nazaré 481, CEP 04263-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Aline C Martins
- Department of Zoology, University of Brasilia, 70910-900 Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Gabriel A R Melo
- Department of Zoology, Federal University of Paraná, PB 19020, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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3
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Davies OK, Dorey JB, Stevens MI, Gardner MG, Bradford TM, Schwarz MP. Unparalleled mitochondrial heteroplasmy and Wolbachia co-infection in the non-model bee, Amphylaeus morosus. CURRENT RESEARCH IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 2:100036. [PMID: 36003268 PMCID: PMC9387454 DOI: 10.1016/j.cris.2022.100036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial heteroplasmy is the occurrence of more than one type of mitochondrial DNA within a single individual. Although generally reported to occur in a small subset of individuals within a species, there are some instances of widespread heteroplasmy across entire populations. Amphylaeus morosus is an Australian native bee species in the diverse and cosmopolitan bee family Colletidae. This species has an extensive geographical range along the eastern Australian coast, from southern Queensland to western Victoria, covering approximately 2,000 km. Seventy individuals were collected from five localities across this geographical range and sequenced using Sanger sequencing for the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. These data indicate that every individual had the same consistent heteroplasmic sites but no other nucleotide variation, suggesting two conserved and widespread heteroplasmic mitogenomes. Ion Torrent shotgun sequencing revealed that heteroplasmy occurred across multiple mitochondrial protein-coding genes and is unlikely explained by transposition of mitochondrial genes into the nuclear genome (NUMTs). DNA sequence data also demonstrated a consistent co-infection of Wolbachia across the A. morosus distribution with every individual infected with both bacterial strains. Our data are consistent with the presence of two mitogenomes within all individuals examined in this species and suggest a major divergence from standard patterns of mitochondrial inheritance. Because the host's mitogenome and the Wolbachia genome are genetically linked through maternal inheritance, we propose three possible hypotheses that could explain maintenance of the widespread and conserved co-occurring bacterial and mitochondrial genomes in this species.
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4
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Silva JD. The Extension of Foundress Lifespan and the Evolution of Eusociality in the Hymenoptera. Am Nat 2021; 199:E140-E155. [DOI: 10.1086/718594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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5
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Ferrari RR, Packer L. Morphological phylogeny and review of the generic classification of Colletinae (Hymenoptera: Colletidae). Zool J Linn Soc 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The bee subfamily Colletinae includes 542 species, the vast majority of which (518 spp.) belong to Colletes. The generic placement of the remaining 24 species has been controversial, resulting in several classifications being proposed. Despite several recently published molecular phylogenies of Colletinae, it remains unknown (1) what morphological synapomorphies support the recognized genera, (2) in which direction some relevant functional traits (e.g. basitibial plate) have evolved and (3) whether morphology supports the available molecular data. Herein, we provide a morphological phylogeny of Colletinae, which was constructed through parsimony analyses of 186 characters. In total, 50 ingroup species were included representing all major lineages of Colletes (29 spp.), plus all but three of the non-Colletes species of Colletinae (21 spp.). Trees were estimated through equal weights and extended implied weighting. Both provide strong support for the monophyly of Colletinae and indicate that the subfamily is defined by four unique synapomorphies. Our results also confirm recent phylogenetic hypotheses showing that Colletinae can be subdivided into two major clades: one comprising the reciprocally monophyletic Mourecotelles and Xanthocotelles; the other includes Colletes plus Hemicotelles, which are also reciprocally monophyletic. We also provide a fully illustrated key to facilitate generic identification of the Colletinae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael R Ferrari
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Biology,York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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6
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Akankunda T, To H, Rodriguez Lopez C, Leijs R, Hogendoorn K. A method to generate multilocus barcodes of pinned insect specimens using MiSeq. Mol Ecol Resour 2020; 20. [PMID: 32104992 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
For molecular insect identification, amplicon sequencing methods are recommended because they offer a cost-effective approach for targeting small sets of informative genes from multiple samples. In this context, high-throughput multilocus amplicon sequencing has been achieved using the MiSeq Illumina sequencing platform. However, this approach generates short gene fragments of <500 bp, which then have to be overlapped using bioinformatics to achieve longer sequence lengths. This increases the risk of generating chimeric sequences or leads to the formation of incomplete loci. Here, we propose a modified nested amplicon sequencing method for targeting multiple loci from pinned insect specimens using the MiSeq Illumina platform. The modification exists in using a three-step nested PCR approach targeting near full-length loci in the initial PCR and subsequently amplifying short fragments of between 300 and 350 bp for high-throughput sequencing using Illumina chemistry. Using this method, we generated 407 sequences of three loci from 86% of all the specimens sequenced. Out of 103 pinned bee specimens of replicated species, 71% passed the 95% sequence similarity threshold between species replicates. This method worked best for pinned specimens aged between 0 and 5 years, with a limit of 10 years for pinned and 14 years for ethanol-preserved specimens. Hence, our method overcomes some of the challenges of amplicon sequencing using short read next generation sequencing and improves the possibility of creating high-quality multilocus barcodes from insect collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trace Akankunda
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Hien To
- The Bioinformatics Hub, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Carlos Rodriguez Lopez
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Environmental Epigenetics and Genetics Group, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Remko Leijs
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Katja Hogendoorn
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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7
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Ferrari RR, Onuferko TM, Monckton SK, Packer L. The evolutionary history of the cellophane bee genus Colletes Latreille (Hymenoptera: Colletidae): Molecular phylogeny, biogeography and implications for a global infrageneric classification. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 146:106750. [PMID: 32028034 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Colletes Latreille (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) is a diverse genus with 518 valid species distributed in all biogeographic realms, except Australasia and Antarctica. Here we provide a comprehensive dated phylogeny for Colletes based on Bayesian and maximum likelihood-based analyses of DNA sequence data of six loci: 28S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1, elongation factor-1α copy F2, long-wavelength rhodopsin, RNA polymerase II and wingless. In total, our multilocus matrix consists of 4824 aligned base pairs for 143 species, including 112 Colletes species plus 31 outgroups (one stenotritid and a diverse array of colletids representing all subfamilies). Overall, analyses of each of the six single-locus datasets resulted in poorly resolved consensus trees with conflicting phylogenetic signal. However, our analyses of the multilocus matrix provided strong support for the monophyly of Colletes and show that it can be subdivided into five major clades. The implications of our phylogenetic results for future attempts at infrageneric classification for the Colletes of the world are discussed. We propose species groups for the Neotropical species of Colletes, the only major biogeographic realm for which no species groups have been proposed to date. Our dating analysis indicated that Colletes diverged from its sister taxon, Hemicotelles Toro and Cabezas, in the early Oligocene and that its extant lineages began diversifying only in the late Oligocene. According to our biogeographic reconstruction, Colletes originated in the Neotropics (most likely within South America) and then spread to the Nearctic very early in its evolutionary history. Geodispersal to the Old World occurred soon after colonization of the Northern Hemisphere. Lastly, the historical biogeography of Colletes is analyzed in light of available geological and palaeoenvironmental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael R Ferrari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Thomas M Onuferko
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; The Beaty Centre for Species Discovery, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4, Canada
| | - Spencer K Monckton
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Laurence Packer
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
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8
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Aguiar AJC, Melo GAR, Vasconcelos TNC, Gonçalves RB, Giugliano L, Martins AC. Biogeography and early diversification of Tapinotaspidini oil-bees support presence of Paleocene savannas in South America. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 143:106692. [PMID: 31770589 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide distributed tropical savannas were established only in the Miocene, with climatic cooling and rise of C4 grasses. However, there is evidence for an earlier presence of savanna-like vegetation in southern parts of South America. Here we investigated the biogeographic history of a clade of solitary bees which have endemic groups in areas covered by savannas and other types of open vegetation as well as forested areas. We hypothesized that these bees originated in savanna-like biomes and that shifts to forested areas and floral host shifts increased species diversification along their evolutionary history. We reconstructed a comprehensive phylogeny for Tapinotaspidini bees based majorly on original DNA sequences. We then used macroevolutionary tools to estimate ancestral range area and reconstructed ancestral habitat (open versus forested) and host plant association to analyze the effects of shifts in vegetation type and flower hosts on their diversification. Tapinotaspidini bees originated in the Paleocene and in a savanna-type, Cerrado-like, which is reinforced by reconstruction of open vegetation as the most probable ancestral area, thus bringing additional evidence to a much earlier origin of this vegetation type in South America. Shifts to forested areas occurred at least three times in a period of 30 Ma and were responsible for slight increases in diversification rates. Malpighiaceae is the ancestral floral host; host broadening occurred only in the Miocene and at least in three occasions. Host shifts, i.e. from Malpighiaceae to other oil families, occurred in the Eocene and Miocene. Both host broadening and host shifts did not significantly alter diversification rates, however exploitation of other oil sources were important in occupying new habitats. The link between biomes and host plant shifts and changes in diversification rate brings us additional insights into the evolution of bees and associated flora in South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J C Aguiar
- Departmento de Zoologia, Universidade de Brasilia, 70910-900 Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel A R Melo
- Department de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, PR 19020, 81531-980 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo B Gonçalves
- Department de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, PR 19020, 81531-980 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Lilian Giugliano
- Departmento de Genética e Morfologia, Universidade de Brasilia, 70910-900 Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Aline C Martins
- Departmento de Zoologia, Universidade de Brasilia, 70910-900 Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Departmento de Ecologia, Universidade de Brasilia, 70910-900 Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
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9
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Onuferko TM, Bogusch P, Ferrari RR, Packer L. Phylogeny and biogeography of the cleptoparasitic bee genus Epeolus (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and cophylogenetic analysis with its host bee genus Colletes (Hymenoptera: Colletidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 141:106603. [PMID: 31470133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The bee genus Epeolus Latreille (Hymenoptera: Apidae) consists of 109 species, which are known to be exclusively cleptoparasites of polyester (or cellophane) bees of the genus Colletes Latreille (Hymenoptera: Colletidae). Both genera have a nearly cosmopolitan distribution and are represented on all continents except Antarctica and Australia. We present the most comprehensive phylogeny for Epeolus to date, based on combined molecular and morphological data. In total, 59 ingroup taxa (species of Epeolus) and 7 outgroup taxa (other Epeolini) were scored for 99 morphological characters, and sequence data were obtained for seven genes (one mitochondrial and six nuclear, 5399 bp in total). Epeolus was found to be monophyletic, with a crown age estimated to be 25.0-13.4 Ma (95% HPD) and its origins traced to the Nearctic region. Epeolus was found to contain six major clades, five of which were well supported. The evolutionary history of Epeolus is explored in the context of earth history events and the evolutionary history of its host genus Colletes, for which a molecular phylogeny was constructed based on the same seven genes. A comparison of Epeolus and Colletes phylogenies limited to taxa for which there is evidence of an association suggests there was some cospeciation. However, more cladogenetic events in Epeolus were linked to instances of dispersal/vicariance. It is not yet clear the extent to which allopatric speciation contributed to diversification in Colletes, but the genus' success in having colonized and diversified across much of the globe made it possible for Epeolus to do the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Onuferko
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; The Beaty Centre for Species Discovery, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4, Canada.
| | - Petr Bogusch
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, CZ-500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Rafael R Ferrari
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Laurence Packer
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
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10
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Almeida EAB, Packer L, Melo GAR, Danforth BN, Cardinal SC, Quinteiro FB, Pie MR. The diversification of neopasiphaeine bees during the Cenozoic (Hymenoptera: Colletidae). ZOOL SCR 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo A. B. Almeida
- Laboratório de Biologia Comparada e Abelhas (LBCA), Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras, Universidade de São Paulo Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | | | - Gabriel A. R. Melo
- Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Federal do Paraná Curitiba PR Brazil
| | - Bryan N. Danforth
- Department of Entomology Comstock Hall, Cornell University. Ithaca New York
| | - Sophie C. Cardinal
- Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Canadian National Collection of Insects Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Fábio B. Quinteiro
- Laboratório de Biologia Comparada e Abelhas (LBCA), Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras, Universidade de São Paulo Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
- Departamento de Ecologia, Zoologia e Genética, Instituto de Biologia Universidade Federal de Pelotas Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Marcio R. Pie
- Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Federal do Paraná Curitiba PR Brazil
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11
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Phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial genomes in bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202187. [PMID: 30092091 PMCID: PMC6084986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the first complete mitogenome of Andrenidae, namely Andrena camellia, is newly sequenced. It includes 13 protein-coding (PCG) genes, 22 transfer RNA (rRNA) genes, two ribosomal RNA (tRNA) genes, and a control region. Among PCGs, high conservation is observed in cytochrome oxidase genes with cox1 exhibits the highest conservation. Conversely, NADH dehydrogenase and ATPase subunit genes are more variable with atp8 presents the maximal variation. Comparison of the gene order indicates complex rearrangement in bees. Most of the rearranged events are located in the tRNA clusters of trnI-trnQ-trnM, trnW-trnC-trnY, and trnA-trnR-trnN-trnS1-trnE-trnF. Furthermore, we present the most comprehensive mitochondrial phylogeny of bee families. The monophyly of each family and the long-tongued bees is highly supported. However, short-tongued bees are inferred as paraphyletic relative to the sister relationship between Melittidae and other bee families. Furthermore, to improve the resolution of phylogeny, various datasets and analytical approaches are performed. It is indicated that datasets including third codons of PCGs facilitate to produce identical topology and higher nodal support. The tRNA genes that have typical cloverleaf secondary structures also exhibit similar positive effects. However, rRNAs present poor sequence alignment and distinct substitution saturation, which result in negative effects on both tree topology and nodal support. In addition, Gblocks treatment can increase the congruence of topologies, but has opposite effects on nodal support between the two inference methods of maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference.
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12
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Siriani-Oliveira S, Oliveira R, Schlindwein C. Pollination of Blumenbachia amana (Loasaceae): flower morphology and partitioned pollen presentation guarantee a private reward to a specialist pollinator. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/bly061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Siriani-Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Reisla Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Clemens Schlindwein
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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13
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Dorchin A, López-Uribe MM, Praz CJ, Griswold T, Danforth BN. Phylogeny, new generic-level classification, and historical biogeography of the Eucera complex (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2017; 119:81-92. [PMID: 29122650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The longhorn bee tribe Eucerini (Hymenoptera: Apidae) is a diverse, widely distributed group of solitary bees that includes important pollinators of both wild and agricultural plants. About half of the species in the tribe are currently assigned to the genus Eucera and to a few other related genera. In this large genus complex, comprising ca. 390 species, the boundaries between genera remain ambiguous due to morphological intergradation among taxa. Using ca. 6700 aligned nucleotide sites from six gene fragments, 120 morphological characters, and more than 100 taxa, we present the first comprehensive molecular, morphological, and combined phylogenetic analyses of the 'Eucera complex'. The revised generic classification that we propose is congruent with our phylogeny and maximizes both generic stability and ease of identification. Under this new classification most generic names are synonymized under an expanded genus Eucera. Thus, Tetralonia, Peponapis, Xenoglossa, Cemolobus, and Syntrichalonia are reduced to subgeneric rank within Eucera, and Synhalonia is retained as a subgenus of Eucera. Xenoglossodes is reestablished as a valid subgenus of Eucera while Tetraloniella is synonymized with Tetralonia and Cubitalia with Eucera. In contrast, we suggest that the venusta-group of species, currently placed in the subgenus Synhalonia, should be recognized as a new genus. Our results demonstrate the need to evaluate convergent loss or gain of important diagnostic traits to minimize the use of potentially homoplasious characters when establishing classifications. Lastly, we show that the Eucera complex originated in the Nearctic region in the late Oligocene, and dispersed twice into the Old World. The first dispersal event likely occurred 24.2-16.6 mya at a base of a clade of summer-active bees restricted to warm region of the Old World, and the second 13.9-12.3 mya at the base of a clade of spring-active bees found in cooler regions of the Holarctic. Our results further highlight the role of Beringia as a climate-regulated corridor for bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dorchin
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; USDA-ARS, Pollinating Insects Research Unit, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
| | - M M López-Uribe
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, Center for Pollinator Research, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - C J Praz
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchatel, Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - T Griswold
- USDA-ARS, Pollinating Insects Research Unit, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - B N Danforth
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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14
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Phillips RD, Brown GR, Dixon KW, Hayes C, Linde CC, Peakall R. Evolutionary relationships among pollinators and repeated pollinator sharing in sexually deceptive orchids. J Evol Biol 2017; 30:1674-1691. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. D. Phillips
- Ecology and Evolution; Research School of Biology; The Australian National University; Canberra ACT Australia
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden; The Botanic Garden and Parks Authority; West Perth WA Australia
- School of Plant Biology; The University of Western Australia; Nedlands WA Australia
| | - G. R. Brown
- Museum and Art Gallery of Northern Territory; Darwin NT Australia
- Research Institute for Environment and Livelihoods; Charles Darwin University; Darwin NT Australia
| | - K. W. Dixon
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden; The Botanic Garden and Parks Authority; West Perth WA Australia
- School of Plant Biology; The University of Western Australia; Nedlands WA Australia
- Department of Agriculture and Environment; Curtin University; Perth WA Australia
| | - C. Hayes
- Ecology and Evolution; Research School of Biology; The Australian National University; Canberra ACT Australia
| | - C. C. Linde
- Ecology and Evolution; Research School of Biology; The Australian National University; Canberra ACT Australia
| | - R. Peakall
- Ecology and Evolution; Research School of Biology; The Australian National University; Canberra ACT Australia
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15
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Radzevičiūtė R, Theodorou P, Husemann M, Japoshvili G, Kirkitadze G, Zhusupbaeva A, Paxton RJ. Replication of honey bee-associated RNA viruses across multiple bee species in apple orchards of Georgia, Germany and Kyrgyzstan. J Invertebr Pathol 2017; 146:14-23. [PMID: 28392285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The essential ecosystem service of pollination is provided largely by insects, which are considered threatened by diverse biotic and abiotic global change pressures. RNA viruses are one such pressure, and have risen in prominence as a major threat for honey bees (Apis mellifera) and global apiculture, as well as a risk factor for other bee species through pathogen spill-over between managed honey bees and sympatric wild pollinator communities. Yet despite their potential role in global bee decline, the prevalence of honey bee-associated RNA viruses in wild bees is poorly known from both geographic and taxonomic perspectives. We screened members of pollinator communities (honey bees, bumble bees and other wild bees belonging to four families) collected from apple orchards in Georgia, Germany and Kyrgyzstan for six common honey bee-associated RNA virus complexes encompassing nine virus targets. The Deformed wing virus complex (DWV genotypes A and B) had the highest prevalence across all localities and host species and was the only virus complex found in wild bee species belonging to all four studied families. Based on amplification of negative-strand viral RNA, we found evidence for viral replication in wild bee species of DWV-A/DWV-B (hosts: Andrena haemorrhoa and several Bombus spp.) and Black queen cell virus (hosts: Anthophora plumipes, several Bombus spp., Osmia bicornis and Xylocopa spp.). Viral amplicon sequences revealed that DWV-A and DWV-B are regionally distinct but identical in two or more bee species at any one site, suggesting virus is shared amongst sympatric bee taxa. This study demonstrates that honey bee associated RNA viruses are geographically and taxonomically widespread, likely infective in wild bee species, and shared across bee taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Radzevičiūtė
- Molecular Evolution and Animal Systematics, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Talstraβe 33, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; General Zoology, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Panagiotis Theodorou
- General Zoology, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Husemann
- General Zoology, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; Department of Entomology, Centrum für Naturkunde (CeNak), University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - George Japoshvili
- Institute of Entomology, Agricultural University of Georgia, 240 Agmashenebeli Alley, Tbilisi 0159, Georgia; Invertebrate Research Center, 26 Agladze str., Tbilisi 0119, Georgia
| | - Giorgi Kirkitadze
- Institute of Entomology, Agricultural University of Georgia, 240 Agmashenebeli Alley, Tbilisi 0159, Georgia
| | - Aigul Zhusupbaeva
- Academy of Public Administration Under the President of the Kyrgyz Republic, 237 Panfilova str., Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Robert J Paxton
- General Zoology, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Trunz V, Packer L, Vieu J, Arrigo N, Praz CJ. Comprehensive phylogeny, biogeography and new classification of the diverse bee tribe Megachilini: Can we use DNA barcodes in phylogenies of large genera? Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 103:245-259. [PMID: 27400629 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Classification and evolutionary studies of particularly speciose clades pose important challenges, as phylogenetic analyses typically sample a small proportion of the existing diversity. We examine here one of the largest bee genera, the genus Megachile - the dauber and leafcutting bees. Besides presenting a phylogeny based on five nuclear genes (5480 aligned nucleotide positions), we attempt to use the phylogenetic signal of mitochondrial DNA barcodes, which are rapidly accumulating and already include a substantial proportion of the known species diversity in the genus. We used barcodes in two ways: first, to identify particularly divergent lineages and thus to guide taxon sampling in our nuclear phylogeny; second, to augment taxon sampling by combining nuclear markers (as backbone for ancient divergences) with DNA barcodes. Our results indicate that DNA barcodes bear phylogenetic signal limited to very recent divergences (3-4 my before present). Sampling within clades of very closely related species may be augmented using this technique, but our results also suggest statistically supported, but incongruent placements of some taxa. However, the addition of one single nuclear gene (LW-rhodopsin) to the DNA barcode data was enough to recover meaningful placement with high clade support values for nodes up to 15 million years old. We discuss different proposals for the generic classification of the tribe Megachilini. Finding a classification that is both in agreement with our phylogenetic hypotheses and practical in terms of diagnosability is particularly challenging as our analyses recover several well-supported clades that include morphologically heterogeneous lineages. We favour a classification that recognizes seven morphologically well-delimited genera in Megachilini: Coelioxys, Gronoceras, Heriadopsis, Matangapis, Megachile, Noteriades and Radoszkowskiana. Our results also lead to the following classification changes: the groups known as Dinavis, Neglectella, Eurymella and Phaenosarus are reestablished as valid subgenera of the genus Megachile, while the subgenus Alocanthedon is placed in synonymy with M. (Callomegachile), the subgenera Parachalicodoma and Largella with M. (Pseudomegachile), Anodonteutricharaea with M. (Paracella), Platysta with M. (Eurymella), and Grosapis and Eumegachile with M. (Megachile) (new synonymies). In addition, we use maximum likelihood reconstructions of ancestral geographic ranges to infer the origin of the tribe and reconstruct the main dispersal routes explaining the current, cosmopolitan distribution of this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Trunz
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchatel, Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - L Packer
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - J Vieu
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchatel, Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - N Arrigo
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Biophore, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C J Praz
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchatel, Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland.
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17
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Almeida EA, Quinteiro FB. Two continents and two names for a Neotropical colletid bee species (Hymenoptera: Colletidae: Neopasiphaeinae): Hoplocolletes ventralis(Friese, 1924). PeerJ 2015; 3:e1338. [PMID: 26623182 PMCID: PMC4662582 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neopasiphaeine bees (Apoidea: Colletidae) are known for their Amphinotic distribution in the Australian and Neotropical regions. Affinities between colletid taxa in Australia and South America have been speculated for decades, and have been confirmed by recent phylogenetic hypotheses that indicate a biogeographic scenario compatible with a trans-Antarctic biotic connection during the Paleogene. No neopasiphaeine species occurs on both sides of the Pacific Ocean, but the Neotropical speciesHoplocolletes ventralis(Friese, 1924) was described as an Australian taxon due to an error in the specimen labels. This mistake was recognized by CD Michener 50 years ago. We herein report that the same labeling problem also happened withDasycolletes chalceusFriese, 1924, which remained as a tentatively placed species in the Australian genusLeioproctusuntil now. Moreover,Dasycolletes chalceusis interpreted as a synonym ofHoplocolletes ventralis. We also provide a revised diagnosis forHoplocolletes, describe the male ofH. ventralisin detail for the first time, including a comparative study of its genitalia and associated sterna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo A.B. Almeida
- Departamento de Biologia—FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio B. Quinteiro
- Departamento de Biologia—FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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18
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Martins AC, Melo GAR. The New World oil-collecting beesCentrisandEpicharis(Hymenoptera, Apidae): molecular phylogeny and biogeographic history. ZOOL SCR 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aline C. Martins
- Departamento de Zoologia; Universidade Federal do Paraná; PB 19020 81531-980 Curitiba Paraná Brazil
| | - Gabriel A. R. Melo
- Departamento de Zoologia; Universidade Federal do Paraná; PB 19020 81531-980 Curitiba Paraná Brazil
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19
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Winkler IS, Blaschke JD, Davis DJ, Stireman JO, O'Hara JE, Cerretti P, Moulton JK. Explosive radiation or uninformative genes? Origin and early diversification of tachinid flies (Diptera: Tachinidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2015; 88:38-54. [PMID: 25841383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Molecular phylogenetic studies at all taxonomic levels often infer rapid radiation events based on short, poorly resolved internodes. While such rapid episodes of diversification are an important and widespread evolutionary phenomenon, much of this poor phylogenetic resolution may be attributed to the continuing widespread use of "traditional" markers (mitochondrial, ribosomal, and some nuclear protein-coding genes) that are often poorly suited to resolve difficult, higher-level phylogenetic problems. Here we reconstruct phylogenetic relationships among a representative set of taxa of the parasitoid fly family Tachinidae and related outgroups of the superfamily Oestroidea. The Tachinidae are one of the most species rich, yet evolutionarily recent families of Diptera, providing an ideal case study for examining the differential performance of loci in resolving phylogenetic relationships and the benefits of adding more loci to phylogenetic analyses. We assess the phylogenetic utility of nine genes including both traditional genes (e.g., CO1 mtDNA, 28S rDNA) and nuclear protein-coding genes newly developed for phylogenetic analysis. Our phylogenetic findings, based on a limited set of taxa, include: a close relationship between Tachinidae and the calliphorid subfamily Polleninae, monophyly of Tachinidae and the subfamilies Exoristinae and Dexiinae, subfamily groupings of Dexiinae+Phasiinae and Tachininae+Exoristinae, and robust phylogenetic placement of the somewhat enigmatic genera Strongygaster, Euthera, and Ceracia. In contrast to poor resolution and phylogenetic incongruence of "traditional genes," we find that a more selective set of highly informative genes is able to more precisely identify regions of the phylogeny that experienced rapid radiation of lineages, while more accurately depicting their phylogenetic context. Although much expanded taxon sampling is necessary to effectively assess the monophyly of and relationships among major tachinid lineages and their relatives, we show that a small number of well-chosen nuclear protein-coding genes can successfully resolve even difficult phylogenetic problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac S Winkler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA; Department of Biology, Linfield College, McMinnville, OR 97128, USA
| | - Jeremy D Blaschke
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Daniel J Davis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - John O Stireman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA.
| | - James E O'Hara
- Canadian National Collection of Insects, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Pierfilippo Cerretti
- DAFNAE-Entomology, Università degli Studi di Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (Padova), Italy; Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'Charles Darwin', 'Sapienza' Università di Roma, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - John K Moulton
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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20
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Dellicour S, Michez D, Rasplus JY, Mardulyn P. Impact of past climatic changes and resource availability on the population demography of three food-specialist bees. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:1074-90. [PMID: 25612734 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Past climate change is known to have strongly impacted current patterns of genetic variation of animals and plants in Europe. However, ecological factors also have the potential to influence demographic history and thus patterns of genetic variation. In this study, we investigated the impact of past climate, and also the potential impact of host plant species abundance, on intraspecific genetic variation in three codistributed and related specialized solitary bees of the genus Melitta with very similar life history traits and dispersal capacities. We sequenced five independent loci in samples collected from the three species. Our analyses revealed that the species associated with the most abundant host plant species (Melitta leporina) displays unusually high genetic variation, to an extent that is seldom reported in phylogeographic studies of animals and plants. This suggests a potential role of food resource abundance in determining current patterns of genetic variation in specialized herbivorous insects. Patterns of genetic variation in the two other species indicated lower overall levels of diversity, and that M. nigricans could have experienced a recent range expansion. Ecological niche modelling of the three Melitta species and their main host plant species suggested a strong reduction in range size during the last glacial maximum. Comparing observed sequence data with data simulated using spatially explicit models of coalescence suggests that M. leporina recovered a range and population size close to their current levels at the end of the last glaciation, and confirms recent range expansion as the most likely scenario for M. nigricans. Overall, this study illustrates that both demographic history and ecological factors may have contributed to shape current phylogeographic patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Dellicour
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, av. FD Roosevelt 50, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
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21
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Carvalho AT, Dötterl S, Schlindwein C. An aromatic volatile attracts oligolectic bee pollinators in an interdependent bee-plant relationship. J Chem Ecol 2014; 40:1126-34. [PMID: 25315355 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-014-0510-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chemical signals emitted by the plant frequently mediate host-plant localization in specialized animal - plant associations. Studying the interdependent highly specialized association of the narrowly oligolectic bee pollinator Protodiscelis palpalis (Colletidae, Neopasiphaeinae) with Hydrocleys martii (Alismataceae) in ephemeral aquatic water bodies in semi-arid Caatinga of Brazil, we asked if specific volatile compounds produced by the flowers mediate pollinator attraction. The yellow Hydrocleys flowers are the sole pollen and nectar resources, and mating sites for the bees. We analyzed the floral scents of this species and of the closely related H. nymphoides, which is not visited by P. palpalis, and tested the main volatile compounds of both species under field conditions to evaluate their attractiveness to bees of P. palpalis. Methoxylated aromatics were the dominant floral scent components in both species, but each species exhibited a characteristic scent profile. Dual choice bioassays using artificial flowers made of yellow and blue adhesive paper clearly revealed that ρ-methylanisole alone, the dominant volatile of H. martii, attracted significantly more bees than unbaited flowers. This compound represents an olfactory communication channel used by the plant that lures its effective oligolectic pollinators to its flowers. Yellow artificial flowers baited significantly more bees than blue ones. Our study reinforces the recent findings that specific compounds in complex floral scent bouquets are crucial for host-plant location in oligolectic bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airton Torres Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia), Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Cidade Universitária, 58059-900, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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22
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Praz CJ, Packer L. Phylogenetic position of the bee genera Ancyla and Tarsalia (Hymenoptera: Apidae): a remarkable base compositional bias and an early Paleogene geodispersal from North America to the Old World. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 81:258-70. [PMID: 25238948 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We address the phylogenetic position of the bee genera Tarsalia and Ancyla (currently forming the tribe Ancylaini) on the basis of morphological, molecular and combined data. We assembled a matrix of 309 morphological characters and 5246 aligned nucleotide positions from six nuclear genes (28S, EF-1a, wingless, POL2, LW-Rhodopsin, NAK). In addition to both constituent genera of Ancylaini, we include all three subtribes of the Eucerini as well as a large number of other tribes from the "eucerine line". The morphological data suggest Ancyla to be sister to Tarsalia+Eucerini and analyses of the entire molecular dataset suggest Tarsalia to be sister to Ancyla+Eucerini. However, analyses of the combined dataset suggests the Ancylaini to be monophyletic. We address possible bias within the molecular data and show that the base composition of two markers (EF-1a and NAK) is significantly heterogeneous among taxa and that this heterogeneity is strong enough to overcome the phylogenetic signal from the other markers. Analyses of a molecular matrix where the heterogeneous partitions have been RY-recoded yield trees that are better resolved and have higher nodal support values than those recovered in analyses of the non-recoded matrix, and strongly suggest the Ancylaini to be a monophyletic sister group to the Eucerini. A dated phylogeny and ancestral range reconstructions suggest that the common ancestor of the Ancylaini reached the Old World from the New World most probably via the Thulean Land Bridge in a time window between 69 and 47 mya, a period that includes the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum. No further exchanges between the New World and the Old World are implied by our data until the period between 22 mya and 13.9 mya. These more recent faunal exchanges probably involved geodispersal over the Bering Land Bridge by less thermophilic lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe J Praz
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchatel, Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland.
| | - Laurence Packer
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
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23
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Dellicour S, Mardulyn P, Hardy OJ, Hardy C, Roberts SPM, Vereecken NJ. Inferring the mode of colonization of the rapid range expansion of a solitary bee from multilocus DNA sequence variation. J Evol Biol 2013; 27:116-32. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Dellicour
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology; Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB); Brussels Belgium
| | - P. Mardulyn
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology; Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB); Brussels Belgium
| | - O. J. Hardy
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology; Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB); Brussels Belgium
| | - C. Hardy
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology; Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB); Brussels Belgium
| | - S. P. M. Roberts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research; University of Reading; Reading UK
| | - N. J. Vereecken
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology; Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB); Brussels Belgium
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24
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Dellicour S, Lecocq T, Kuhlmann M, Mardulyn P, Michez D. Molecular phylogeny, biogeography, and host plant shifts in the bee genus Melitta (Hymenoptera: Anthophila). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2013; 70:412-9. [PMID: 23994491 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
New molecular studies suggested that the family Melittidae is either a paraphyletic group from which all the other bees are derived, or the sister clade to all other existing bees. Studying the historical biogeography and evolution of each major lineage within this group is a key step to understand the origin and early radiation of bees. Melitta is the largest genus of melittid bees, for which a robust molecular phylogeny and a biogeographic analysis are still lacking. Here, we derive a phylogenetic hypothesis from the sequences of seven independent DNA fragments of mitochondrial and nuclear origin. This phylogenetic hypothesis is then used to infer the evolution of the species range and of the host-plant shifts in Melitta. Our results confirmed the monophyly of Melitta, but did not recover all previously defined clades within the genus. We propose new taxa by splitting the genus in three subgenera (including two new subgenera described in the Appendix: Afromelitta subgen. nov., Plesiomelitta subgen. nov.) and describe two new species: Melitta avontuurensis sp. n. and M. richtersveldensis sp. n. Regarding the evolution of host-plant use, our analysis suggests that all species currently specialized on one plant family originated from an ancestor that was specialized on Fabaceae plants. The inferred biogeographic history for the genus supported an African origin. In concordance with previous studies identifying Africa as the geographic origin for many clades of bees, our data bring new evidence for an African origin of melittid bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Dellicour
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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25
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Gibson JF, Skevington JH, Kelso S. A phylogenetic analysis of relationships among genera of Conopidae (Diptera) based on molecular and morphological data. Cladistics 2013; 29:193-226. [PMID: 34818824 DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2012.00422.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the family Conopidae (Diptera) have been the focus of little targeted phylogenetic research. The most comprehensive test of phylogenetic support for the present subfamily classification of Conopidae is presented here using 66 specimens, including 59 species of Conopidae and seven outgroup taxa. Relationships among subfamily clades are also explored. A total of 6824 bp of DNA sequence data from five gene regions (12S ribosomal DNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, cytochrome b, 28S ribosomal DNA and alanyl-tRNA synthetase) are combined with 111 morphological characters in a combined analysis using both parsimony and Bayesian methods. Parsimony analysis recovers three shortest trees. Bayesian analysis recovers a nearly identical tree. Five monophyletic subfamilies of Conopidae are recovered. The rarely acknowledged Zodioninae is restored, including the genera Zodion and Parazodion. The genus Sicus is removed from Myopinae. Morphological synapomorphies are discussed for each subfamily and inter-subfamily clade, including a comprehensive review of the character interpretaions of previous authors. Included are detailed comparative illustrations of male and female genitalia of representatives of all five subfamilies with new morphological interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel F Gibson
- Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Jeffrey H Skevington
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1A 0C6.,Department of Biology, Carleton University, 209 Nesbitt Building, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1S 5B6
| | - Scott Kelso
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1A 0C6
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26
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Kayaalp P, Schwarz MP, Stevens MI. Rapid diversification in Australia and two dispersals out of Australia in the globally distributed bee genus, Hylaeus (Colletidae: Hylaeinae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2013; 66:668-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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27
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Danforth BN, Cardinal S, Praz C, Almeida EAB, Michez D. The impact of molecular data on our understanding of bee phylogeny and evolution. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2012; 58:57-78. [PMID: 22934982 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-120811-153633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of bee phylogeny has improved over the past fifteen years as a result of new data, primarily nucleotide sequence data, and new methods, primarily model-based methods of phylogeny reconstruction. Phylogenetic studies based on single or, more commonly, multilocus data sets have helped resolve the placement of bees within the superfamily Apoidea; the relationships among the seven families of bees; and the relationships among bee subfamilies, tribes, genera, and species. In addition, molecular phylogenies have played an important role in inferring evolutionary patterns and processes in bees. Phylogenies have provided the comparative framework for understanding the evolution of host-plant associations and pollen specialization, the evolution of social behavior, and the evolution of parasitism. In this paper, we present an overview of significant discoveries in bee phylogeny based primarily on the application of molecular data. We review the phylogenetic hypotheses family-by-family and then describe how the new phylogenetic insights have altered our understanding of bee biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan N Danforth
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
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28
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Houston TF, Maynard GV. An unusual new paracolletine bee,Leioproctus (Ottocolletes) muellerisubgen. & sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Colletidae): with notes on nesting biology and in-burrow nest guarding by macrocephalic males. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-6055.2012.00867.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Terry F Houston
- Department of Terrestrial Zoology (Entomology); Western Australian Museum; Locked Bag 49, Welshpool Delivery Centre; Welshpool; WA; 6986; Australia
| | - Glynn V Maynard
- Office of the Chief Plant Protection Officer; Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry; GPO Box 858; Canberra; ACT; 2601; Australia
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Debevec AH, Cardinal S, Danforth BN. Identifying the sister group to the bees: a molecular phylogeny of Aculeata with an emphasis on the superfamily Apoidea. ZOOL SCR 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00549.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gonzalez VH, Florez J. Leioproctus rosellae sp. n., the first record of the genus from northern South America (Hymenoptera, Colletidae). Zookeys 2012:71-7. [PMID: 22287881 PMCID: PMC3267462 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.141.2029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Leioproctus Smith is a diverse colletine genus found in the Australian region and primarily temperate areas of South America. A new species of Leioproctus subgenus Perditomorpha Ashmead, Leioproctus rosellae Gonzalez, sp. n., from a tropical dry forest of the Caribbean coast of Colombia is described and figured. This is the first record of the genus from northern South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor H Gonzalez
- Division of Entomology, Natural History Museum, 1501 Crestline Drive - Suite 140, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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Tierney SM, Sanjur O, Grajales GG, Santos LM, Bermingham E, Wcislo WT. Photic niche invasions: phylogenetic history of the dim-light foraging augochlorine bees (Halictidae). Proc Biol Sci 2011; 279:794-803. [PMID: 21795273 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2011.1355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Most bees rely on flowering plants and hence are diurnal foragers. From this ancestral state, dim-light foraging in bees requires significant adaptations to a new photic environment. We used DNA sequences to evaluate the phylogenetic history of the most diverse clade of Apoidea that is adapted to dim-light environments (Augochlorini: Megalopta, Megaloptidia and Megommation). The most speciose lineage, Megalopta, is distal to the remaining dim-light genera, and its closest diurnal relative (Xenochlora) is recovered as a lineage that has secondarily reverted to diurnal foraging. Tests for adaptive protein evolution indicate that long-wavelength opsin shows strong evidence of stabilizing selection, with no more than five codons (2%) under positive selection, depending on analytical procedure. In the branch leading to Megalopta, the amino acid of the single positively selected codon is conserved among ancestral Halictidae examined, and is homologous to codons known to influence molecular structure at the chromophore-binding pocket. Theoretically, such mutations can shift photopigment λ(max) sensitivity and enable visual transduction in alternate photic environments. Results are discussed in light of the available evidence on photopigment structure, morphological specialization and biogeographic distributions over geological time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon M Tierney
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, República de Panamá.
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Griffiths KE, Trueman JW, Brown GR, Peakall R. Molecular genetic analysis and ecological evidence reveals multiple cryptic species among thynnine wasp pollinators of sexually deceptive orchids. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2011; 59:195-205. [PMID: 21310250 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Martinsson S, Kjaerandsen J, Sundberg P. Towards a molecular phylogeny of the fungus gnat genus Boletina (Diptera: Mycetophilidae). ZOOL SCR 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2011.00474.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Davis RB, Baldauf SL, Mayhew PJ. The origins of species richness in the Hymenoptera: insights from a family-level supertree. BMC Evol Biol 2010; 10:109. [PMID: 20423463 PMCID: PMC2873417 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-10-109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The order Hymenoptera (bees, ants, wasps, sawflies) contains about eight percent of all described species, but no analytical studies have addressed the origins of this richness at family-level or above. To investigate which major subtaxa experienced significant shifts in diversification, we assembled a family-level phylogeny of the Hymenoptera using supertree methods. We used sister-group species-richness comparisons to infer the phylogenetic position of shifts in diversification. RESULTS The supertrees most supported by the underlying input trees are produced using matrix representation with compatibility (MRC) (from an all-in and a compartmentalised analysis). Whilst relationships at the tips of the tree tend to be well supported, those along the backbone of the tree (e.g. between Parasitica superfamilies) are generally not. Ten significant shifts in diversification (six positive and four negative) are found common to both MRC supertrees. The Apocrita (wasps, ants, bees) experienced a positive shift at their origin accounting for approximately 4,000 species. Within Apocrita other positive shifts include the Vespoidea (vespoid wasps/ants containing 24,000 spp.), Anthophila + Sphecidae (bees/thread-waisted wasps; 22,000 spp.), Bethylidae + Chrysididae (bethylid/cuckoo wasps; 5,200 spp.), Dryinidae (dryinid wasps; 1,100 spp.), and Proctotrupidae (proctotrupid wasps; 310 spp.). Four relatively species-poor families (Stenotritidae, Anaxyelidae, Blasticotomidae, Xyelidae) have undergone negative shifts. There are some two-way shifts in diversification where sister taxa have undergone shifts in opposite directions. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that numerous phylogenetically distinctive radiations contribute to the richness of large clades. They also suggest that evolutionary events restricting the subsequent richness of large clades are common. Problematic phylogenetic issues in the Hymenoptera are identified, relating especially to superfamily validity (e.g. "Proctotrupoidea", "Mymarommatoidea"), and deeper apocritan relationships. Our results should stimulate new functional studies on the causes of the diversification shifts we have identified. Possible drivers highlighted for specific adaptive radiations include key anatomical innovations, the exploitation of rich host groups, and associations with angiosperms. Low richness may have evolved as a result of geographical isolation, specialised ecological niches, and habitat loss or competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Davis
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5YW, UK
- Current address: Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sandra L Baldauf
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5YW, UK
- Current address: Department of Evolutionary Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter J Mayhew
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5YW, UK
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Placement of Conopidae (Diptera) within Schizophora based on mtDNA and nrDNA gene regions. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2010; 56:91-103. [PMID: 20362064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Revised: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The first attempt to phylogenetically place Conopidae using molecular characters, as well as the largest molecular analysis of relationships within Schizophora (Diptera) to date, is presented. Twenty-eight taxa from 11 acalyptrate families and seven acalyptrate superfamilies are represented. Nearly 12,800 bp of sequence data from 10 genes representing both mitochondrial (cytochrome oxidase I (COI), cytochrome b (cytB), and 12S) and nuclear genes (28S, the carbamoyl phosphate synthetase region of CAD (CAD), elongation factor-1alpha (EF-1alpha), white, alanyl-tRNA synthetase (AATS), triose phosphate isomerase (TPI), and phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD)) are analysed. Parsimony and Bayesian analyses strongly support the monophyly of both Conopidae and Schizophora. While in the parsimony analysis, Conopidae are placed as sister to the remaining Schizophora, the Bayesian analysis recovers a Conopidae+Lauxaniidae clade. The value of nuclear, mitochondrial, ribosomal, and protein-coding gene sequence data for answering phylogenetic questions at different levels of divergence is evaluated.
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RASMUSSEN CLAUS, CAMERON SYDNEYA. Global stingless bee phylogeny supports ancient divergence, vicariance, and long distance dispersal. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2009.01341.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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