1
|
Altamirano-Ponce L, Dávila-Játiva M, Pozo G, Pozo MJ, Terán-Velástegui M, Cadena CD, Cisneros-Heredia DF, Torres MDL. First genetic insights of Gonatodescaudiscutatus (Reptilia, Gekkota) in the Galapagos Islands and mainland Ecuador. Biodivers Data J 2023; 11:e113396. [PMID: 38028240 PMCID: PMC10680088 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.11.e113396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on genetic variability amongst native and introduced species contribute to a better understanding of the genetic diversity of species along their autochthonous distribution and identify possible routes of introduction. Gonatodescaudiscutatus is a gecko native to western Ecuador and introduced to the Galapagos Islands. Despite being a successful species in human-modified habitats along its native and non-native ranges, neither the colonisation process nor the genetic diversity of this gecko is known. In this study, we analysed 55 individuals from 14 localities in western Ecuador and six localities in San Cristobal Island, Galapagos - the only island with a large, self-sustaining population. We amplified and analysed the genetic variability of two nuclear genes (Cmos and Rag2) and one mitochondrial gene (16S). Cmos and Rag2 sequences presented little to none genetic variability, while 16S allowed us to build a haplotype network. We identified nine haplotypes across mainland Ecuador, two of which are also present in Galapagos. Low genetic diversity between insular and continental populations suggests that the introduction of G.caudiscutatus on the Islands is relatively recent. Due to the widespread geographical distribution of mainland haplotypes, it was not possible to determine the source population of the introduction. This study represents the first exploration of the genetic diversity of Gonatodescaudiscutatus, utilising genetic tools to gain insights into its invasion history in the Galapagos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lía Altamirano-Ponce
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Biodiversidad Tropical IBIOTROP, Laboratorio de Zoología Terrestre, Quito, EcuadorUniversidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Biodiversidad Tropical IBIOTROP, Laboratorio de Zoología TerrestreQuitoEcuador
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal, Quito, EcuadorUniversidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Laboratorio de Biotecnología VegetalQuitoEcuador
| | - Mateo Dávila-Játiva
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Biodiversidad Tropical IBIOTROP, Laboratorio de Zoología Terrestre, Quito, EcuadorUniversidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Biodiversidad Tropical IBIOTROP, Laboratorio de Zoología TerrestreQuitoEcuador
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, extensión Galápagos GAIAS, Puerto Baquerizo Moreno, San Cristóbal, Galápagos, EcuadorUniversidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, extensión Galápagos GAIAS, Puerto Baquerizo Moreno, San CristóbalGalápagosEcuador
- Universidad de los Andes, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva de Vertebrados, Bogotá, ColombiaUniversidad de los Andes, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva de VertebradosBogotáColombia
- Galápagos Science Center, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ & University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill UNC, Galápagos, EcuadorGalápagos Science Center, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ & University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill UNCGalápagosEcuador
| | - Gabriela Pozo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal, Quito, EcuadorUniversidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Laboratorio de Biotecnología VegetalQuitoEcuador
| | - María José Pozo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal, Quito, EcuadorUniversidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Laboratorio de Biotecnología VegetalQuitoEcuador
| | - Martín Terán-Velástegui
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal, Quito, EcuadorUniversidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Laboratorio de Biotecnología VegetalQuitoEcuador
| | - Carlos Daniel Cadena
- Universidad de los Andes, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva de Vertebrados, Bogotá, ColombiaUniversidad de los Andes, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva de VertebradosBogotáColombia
| | - Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Biodiversidad Tropical IBIOTROP, Laboratorio de Zoología Terrestre, Quito, EcuadorUniversidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Biodiversidad Tropical IBIOTROP, Laboratorio de Zoología TerrestreQuitoEcuador
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, extensión Galápagos GAIAS, Puerto Baquerizo Moreno, San Cristóbal, Galápagos, EcuadorUniversidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, extensión Galápagos GAIAS, Puerto Baquerizo Moreno, San CristóbalGalápagosEcuador
- Galápagos Science Center, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ & University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill UNC, Galápagos, EcuadorGalápagos Science Center, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ & University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill UNCGalápagosEcuador
| | - Maria de Lourdes Torres
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal, Quito, EcuadorUniversidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Laboratorio de Biotecnología VegetalQuitoEcuador
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, extensión Galápagos GAIAS, Puerto Baquerizo Moreno, San Cristóbal, Galápagos, EcuadorUniversidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, extensión Galápagos GAIAS, Puerto Baquerizo Moreno, San CristóbalGalápagosEcuador
- Galápagos Science Center, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ & University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill UNC, Galápagos, EcuadorGalápagos Science Center, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ & University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill UNCGalápagosEcuador
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ali JR, Fritz U. Origins of Galápagos’ land-locked vertebrates: what, whence, when, how? Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blab085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Based on a synthesis of new molecular phylogenetic data, a detailed review is presented for the origins of the Galápagos’ native land-locked vertebrates [42 species; 11 clades: geckos (3), lava lizards (2), giant tortoises (1), iguanas (1), racer snakes (1) and oryzomyine rodents (3)]. Nine groups have roots in coastal Ecuador and Peru and would have been transported to the archipelago on rafts, many on the Humboldt Current. Inferring the sources of the giant tortoises, which probably floated over unaided, and the iguanas is more challenging because their closest living relatives occupy ground remote from the Pacific. Acknowledging uncertainties with the age-dating of both the phylogenetic tree nodes and the landmass emergences, seven, probably eight, of the colonizations likely involved beachings on the modern-day islands within the last 4 Myr. Three, possibly four, of the earlier arrivals may have been on now-submerged landmasses that were created by the Galápagos volcanic hotspot. Alternatively, the true sister taxa of the Galápagos species could be extinct and these colonizations, too, are more recent. This is likely for the giant tortoises. The assembled data set hints at the oldest/youngest clades showing the highest/lowest levels of diversification, although other factors also exert an influence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Ali
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Uwe Fritz
- Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Heads M, Grehan JR. The Galápagos Islands: biogeographic patterns and geology. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:1160-1185. [PMID: 33749122 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the traditional biogeographic model, the Galápagos Islands appeared a few million years ago in a sea where no other islands existed and were colonized from areas outside the region. However, recent work has shown that the Galápagos hotspot is 139 million years old (Early Cretaceous), and so groups are likely to have survived at the hotspot by dispersal of populations onto new islands from older ones. This process of metapopulation dynamics means that species can persist indefinitely in an oceanic region, as long as new islands are being produced. Metapopulations can also undergo vicariance into two metapopulations, for example at active island arcs that are rifted by transform faults. We reviewed the geographic relationships of Galápagos groups and found 10 biogeographic patterns that are shared by at least two groups. Each of the patterns coincides spatially with a major tectonic structure; these structures include: the East Pacific Rise; west Pacific and American subduction zones; large igneous plateaus in the Pacific; Alisitos terrane (Baja California), Guerrero terrane (western Mexico); rifting of North and South America; formation of the Caribbean Plateau by the Galápagos hotspot, and its eastward movement; accretion of Galápagos hotspot tracks; Andean uplift; and displacement on the Romeral fault system. All these geological features were active in the Cretaceous, suggesting that geological change at that time caused vicariance in widespread ancestors. The present distributions are explicable if ancestors survived as metapopulations occupying both the Galápagos hotspot and other regions before differentiating, more or less in situ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Heads
- Buffalo Museum of Science, 1020 Humboldt Parkway, Buffalo, NY, 14211-1293, U.S.A
| | - John R Grehan
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, 3215 Hull Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32611, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|