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Ghisbain G, Rosa P, Bogusch P, Flaminio S, Divelec RLE, Dorchin A, Kasparek M, Kuhlmann M, Litman J, Mignot M, Mller A, Praz C, Radchenko VG, Rasmont P, Risch S, Roberts SPM, Smit J, Wood TJ, Michez D, Revert S. The new annotated checklist of the wild bees of Europe (Hymenoptera: Anthophila). Zootaxa 2023; 5327:1-147. [PMID: 38220888 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5327.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
At a time when nature conservation has become essential to ensure the long-term sustainability of our environment, it is widely acknowledged that conservation actions must be implemented within a solid taxonomic framework. In preparation for the upcoming update of the IUCN Red List, we here update the European checklist of the wild bees (sensu the IUCN geographical framework). The original checklist, published in 2014, was revised for the first time in 2017. In the present revision, we add one genus, four subgenera and 67 species recently described, 40 species newly recorded since the latest revision (including two species that are not native to Europe), 26 species overlooked in the previous European checklists and 63 published synonymies. We provide original records for eight species previously unknown to the continent and, as original taxonomic acts, we provide three new synonyms, we consider two names as nomina nuda, ten names as nomina dubia, three as species inquirenda, synonymize three species and exclude 40 species from the previous checklist. Around a hundred other taxonomic changes and clarifications are also included and discussed. The present work revises the total number of genera for IUCN Europe to 77 and the total number of species to 2,138. In addition to specifying the taxonomic changes necessary to update the forthcoming Red List of European bees, we discuss the sampling and taxonomic biases that characterise research on the European bee fauna and highlight the growing importance of range expansions and species invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Ghisbain
- Laboratory of Zoology; Research Institute for Biosciences; University of Mons; Place du parc 20; 7000; Mons; Belgium.
| | - Paolo Rosa
- Laboratory of Zoology; Research Institute for Biosciences; University of Mons; Place du parc 20; 7000; Mons; Belgium.
| | - Petr Bogusch
- Faculty of Science; University of Hradec Krlov; Hradec Krlov; Czech Republic.
| | - Simone Flaminio
- Laboratory of Zoology; Research Institute for Biosciences; University of Mons; Place du parc 20; 7000; Mons; Belgiu; Centro di Ricerca Agricoltura e Ambiente; (CREA) Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e lanalisi dellEconomia Agraria-via di Corticella 133; 40128 Bologna; Italy.
| | - Romain LE Divelec
- Laboratory of Zoology; Research Institute for Biosciences; University of Mons; Place du parc 20; 7000; Mons; Belgium.
| | - Achik Dorchin
- Laboratory of Zoology; Research Institute for Biosciences; University of Mons; Place du parc 20; 7000; Mons; Belgium; Muse Royal de lAfrique Centrale; Leuvensesteenweg 13; 3080 Tervuren; Belgium.
| | | | - Michael Kuhlmann
- Zoological Museum; University of Kiel; Hegewischstr. 3; 24105 Kiel; Germany.
| | - Jesse Litman
- Zoological Museum; University of Kiel; Hegewischstr. 3; 24105 Kiel; Germany..
| | - Maud Mignot
- Natural History Museum of Neuchtel; Terreaux 14; 2000 Neuchtel; Switzerland.
| | - Andreas Mller
- Laboratory of Zoology; Research Institute for Biosciences; University of Mons; Place du parc 20; 7000; Mons; Belgium.
| | - Christophe Praz
- ETH Zrich; Institute of Agricultural Sciences; Biocommunication and Entomology; Schmelzbergstrasse 9/LFO; 8092 Zrich; Switzerland.
| | - Vladimir G Radchenko
- Info fauna Swiss Zoological Records Center; Avenue de Bellevaux 51; 2000 Neuchtel; Switzerland. Institute of Biology; University of Neuchatel; Rue Emile-Argand 16; 2000 Neuchtel; Switzerland.
| | - Pierre Rasmont
- Institute for Evolutionary Ecology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; acad. Lebedev; 37; 03143 Kiev; Ukraine.
| | - Stephan Risch
- Laboratory of Zoology; Research Institute for Biosciences; University of Mons; Place du parc 20; 7000; Mons; Belgium.
| | | | - Jan Smit
- Agroecology Lab;Universit Libre de Bruxelles (ULB); Boulevard du Triomphe CP 264/02; 1050 Brussels; Belgium.
| | | | - Denis Michez
- Laboratory of Zoology; Research Institute for Biosciences; University of Mons; Place du parc 20; 7000; Mons; Belgium.
| | - Sara Revert
- Laboratory of Zoology; Research Institute for Biosciences; University of Mons; Place du parc 20; 7000; Mons; Belgium.
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Amara AAAF. Natural Polymer Types and Applications. BIOMOLECULES FROM NATURAL SOURCES 2022:31-81. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119769620.ch2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Phylogenomics and historical biogeography of the cleptoparasitic bee genus Nomada (Hymenoptera: Apidae) using ultraconserved elements. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 170:107453. [PMID: 35341964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The genus Nomada Scopoli (Hymenoptera: Apidae) is the largest genus of brood parasitic bees with nearly 800 species found across the globe and in nearly all biogeographic realms except Antarctica. There is no previous molecular phylogeny focused on Nomada despite their high species abundance nor is there an existing comprehensive biogeography for the genus. Using ultraconserved element (UCE) phylogenomic data, we constructed the first molecular phylogeny for the genus Nomada and tested the monophyly of 16 morphologically established species groups. We also estimated divergence dates using fossil calibration points and inferred the origin and of this genus around the globe. Our phylogeny recovered 14 of the 16 previously established species groups as monophyletic. The superba and ruficornis groups, however, were recovered as non-monophyletic and need to be re-evaluated using morphology. Divergence dating and historic biogeographic analyses performed on the phylogenetic reconstruction indicates that Nomada most likely originated in the Holarctic ∼65 Mya. Geodispersal into the southern hemisphere occurred three times; once during the Eocene into the Afrotropics, once during the Oligocene into the Neotropics, and once during the Miocene into Australasia. Geodispersal across the Holarctic was most frequent and occurred repeatedly throughout the Cenozoic era, using the De Geer, Thulean, and the Bering Land Bridges. This is the first instance of a bee using both the Thulean and De Geer land bridges and has implications of how early bee species dispersed throughout the Palearctic in the late Cretaceous and early Paleogene.
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Ferrari RR, Packer L. Morphological phylogeny and review of the generic classification of Colletinae (Hymenoptera: Colletidae). Zool J Linn Soc 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The bee subfamily Colletinae includes 542 species, the vast majority of which (518 spp.) belong to Colletes. The generic placement of the remaining 24 species has been controversial, resulting in several classifications being proposed. Despite several recently published molecular phylogenies of Colletinae, it remains unknown (1) what morphological synapomorphies support the recognized genera, (2) in which direction some relevant functional traits (e.g. basitibial plate) have evolved and (3) whether morphology supports the available molecular data. Herein, we provide a morphological phylogeny of Colletinae, which was constructed through parsimony analyses of 186 characters. In total, 50 ingroup species were included representing all major lineages of Colletes (29 spp.), plus all but three of the non-Colletes species of Colletinae (21 spp.). Trees were estimated through equal weights and extended implied weighting. Both provide strong support for the monophyly of Colletinae and indicate that the subfamily is defined by four unique synapomorphies. Our results also confirm recent phylogenetic hypotheses showing that Colletinae can be subdivided into two major clades: one comprising the reciprocally monophyletic Mourecotelles and Xanthocotelles; the other includes Colletes plus Hemicotelles, which are also reciprocally monophyletic. We also provide a fully illustrated key to facilitate generic identification of the Colletinae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael R Ferrari
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Biology,York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Zhou QS, Luo A, Zhang F, Niu ZQ, Wu QT, Xiong M, Orr MC, Zhu CD. The First Draft Genome of the Plasterer Bee Colletes gigas (Hymenoptera: Colletidae: Colletes). Genome Biol Evol 2020; 12:860-866. [PMID: 32386319 PMCID: PMC7313665 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaa090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite intense interest in bees, no genomes are available for the bee family Colletidae. Colletes gigas, one of the largest species of the genus Colletes in the world, is an ideal candidate to fill this gap. Endemic to China, C. gigas has been the focus of studies on its nesting biology and pollination of the economically important oil tree Camellia oleifera, which is chemically defended. To enable deeper study of its biology, we sequenced the whole genome of C. gigas using single-molecule real-time sequencing on the Pacific Bioscience Sequel platform. In total, 40.58 G (150×) of long reads were generated and the final assembly of 326 scaffolds was 273.06 Mb with a N50 length of 8.11 Mb, which captured 94.4% complete Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs. We predicted 11,016 protein-coding genes, of which 98.50% and 84.75% were supported by protein- and transcriptome-based evidence, respectively. In addition, we identified 26.27% of repeats and 870 noncoding RNAs. The bee phylogeny with this newly sequenced colletid genome is consistent with available results, supporting Colletidae as sister to Halictidae when Stenotritidae is not included. Gene family evolution analyses identified 9,069 gene families, of which 70 experienced significant expansions (33 families) or contractions (37 families), and it appears that olfactory receptors and carboxylesterase may be involved in specializing on and detoxifying Ca. oleifera pollen. Our high-quality draft genome for C. gigas lays the foundation for insights on the biology and behavior of this species, including its evolutionary history, nesting biology, and interactions with the plant Ca. oleifera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Song Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Arong Luo
- Key Laboratory of the Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, China
| | - Ze-Qing Niu
- Key Laboratory of the Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of the Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of the Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Michael C Orr
- Key Laboratory of the Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao-Dong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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