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Tan JS, Jaffar Ali MNB, Gan BK, Tan WS. Next-generation viral nanoparticles for targeted delivery of therapeutics: Fundamentals, methods, biomedical applications, and challenges. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:955-978. [PMID: 37339432 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2228202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Viral nanoparticles (VNPs) are virus-based nanocarriers that have been studied extensively and intensively for biomedical applications. However, their clinical translation is relatively low compared to the predominating lipid-based nanoparticles. Therefore, this article describes the fundamentals, challenges, and solutions of the VNP-based platform, which will leverage the development of next-generation VNPs. AREAS COVERED Different types of VNPs and their biomedical applications are reviewed comprehensively. Strategies and approaches for cargo loading and targeted delivery of VNPs are examined thoroughly. The latest developments in controlled release of cargoes from VNPs and their mechanisms are highlighted too. The challenges faced by VNPs in biomedical applications are identified, and solutions are provided to overcome them. EXPERT OPINION In the development of next-generation VNPs for gene therapy, bioimaging and therapeutic deliveries, focus must be given to reduce their immunogenicity, and increase their stability in the circulatory system. Modular virus-like particles (VLPs) which are produced separately from their cargoes or ligands before all the components are coupled can speed up clinical trials and commercialization. In addition, removal of contaminants from VNPs, cargo delivery across the blood brain barrier (BBB), and targeting of VNPs to organelles intracellularly are challenges that will preoccupy researchers in this decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Sen Tan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Norizwan Bin Jaffar Ali
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Bee Koon Gan
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wen Siang Tan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Baculovirus Display of Peptides and Proteins for Medical Applications. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020411. [PMID: 36851625 PMCID: PMC9962271 DOI: 10.3390/v15020411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Baculoviridae is a large family of arthropod-infective viruses. Recombinant baculoviruses have many applications, the best known is as a system for large scale protein production in combination with insect cell cultures. More recently recombinant baculoviruses have been utilized for the display of proteins of interest with applications in medicine. In the present review we analyze the different strategies for the display of proteins and peptides on the surface of recombinant baculoviruses and provide some examples of the different proteins displayed. We analyze briefly the commercially available systems for recombinant baculovirus production and display and discuss the future of this emerging and powerful technology.
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Pidre ML, Arrías PN, Amorós Morales LC, Romanowski V. The Magic Staff: A Comprehensive Overview of Baculovirus-Based Technologies Applied to Human and Animal Health. Viruses 2022; 15:80. [PMID: 36680120 PMCID: PMC9863858 DOI: 10.3390/v15010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Baculoviruses are enveloped, insect-specific viruses with large double-stranded DNA genomes. Among all the baculovirus species, Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) is the most studied. Due to its characteristics regarding biosafety, narrow host range and the availability of different platforms for modifying its genome, AcMNPV has become a powerful biotechnological tool. In this review, we will address the most widespread technological applications of baculoviruses. We will begin by summarizing their natural cycle both in larvae and in cell culture and how it can be exploited. Secondly, we will explore the different baculovirus-based protein expression systems (BEVS) and their multiple applications in the pharmaceutical and biotechnological industry. We will focus particularly on the production of vaccines, many of which are either currently commercialized or in advanced stages of development (e.g., Novavax, COVID-19 vaccine). In addition, recombinant baculoviruses can be used as efficient gene transduction and protein expression vectors in vertebrate cells (e.g., BacMam). Finally, we will extensively describe various gene therapy strategies based on baculoviruses applied to the treatment of different diseases. The main objective of this work is to provide an extensive up-to-date summary of the different biotechnological applications of baculoviruses, emphasizing the genetic modification strategies used in each field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Víctor Romanowski
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), La Plata 1900, Argentina
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4
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Riedesel AK, Bach-Hagemann A, Abdulbaki A, Talbot SR, Tolba R, Schwabe K, Lindauer U. Burrowing behaviour of rats: Strain differences and applicability as well-being parameter after intracranial surgery. Lab Anim 2022; 56:356-369. [PMID: 35144494 DOI: 10.1177/00236772211072977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In mice, burrowing is considered a species-typical parameter for assessing well-being, while this is less clear in rats. This exploratory study evaluated burrowing behaviour in three rat strains during training and in the direct postoperative phase after complex intracranial surgery in different neuroscience rat models established at Hannover Medical School or Aachen University Hospital. Male Crl:CD (SD; n = 18), BDIX/UlmHanZtm (BDIX; n = 8) and RjHan:WI (Wistar; n = 35) rats were individually trained to burrow gravel out of a tube on four consecutive days. Thereafter, BDIX rats were subjected to intracranial injection of BT4Ca cells and tumour resection (rat glioma model), SD rats to injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or vehicle (rat Parkinson's disease model) and Wistar rats to endovascular perforation or sham surgery (rat subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) model). Burrowing was retested on the day after surgery. During training, BDIX rats burrowed large amounts (mean of 2370 g on the fourth day), while SD and Wistar rats burrowed less gravel (means of 846 and 520 g, respectively). Burrowing increased significantly during training only in Wistar rats. Complex surgery, that is, tumour resection (BDIX), 6-OHDA injection (SD) and endovascular perforation or sham surgery for SAH (Wistar) significantly reduced burrowing and body weight, while simple stereotactic injection of tumour cells or vehicle did not affect burrowing. Despite the training, burrowing differed between the strains. In the direct postoperative phase, burrowing was reduced after complex surgery, indicating reduced well-being. Reduced burrowing was accompanied with postoperative weight loss, a validated and recognised quantitative measure for severity assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annika Bach-Hagemann
- Translational Neurosurgery and Neurobiology, Department of Neurosurgery, 9165RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Arif Abdulbaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Steven R Talbot
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - René Tolba
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science & Experimental Surgery, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schwabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Ute Lindauer
- Translational Neurosurgery and Neurobiology, Department of Neurosurgery, 9165RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
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Schaly S, Ghebretatios M, Prakash S. Baculoviruses in Gene Therapy and Personalized Medicine. Biologics 2021; 15:115-132. [PMID: 33953541 PMCID: PMC8088983 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s292692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review will outline the role of baculoviruses in gene therapy and future potential in personalized medicine. Baculoviruses are a safe, non-toxic, non-integrative vector with a large cloning capacity. Baculoviruses are also a highly adaptable, low-cost vector with a broad tissue and host tropism due to their ability to infect both quiescent and proliferating cells. Moreover, they only replicate in insect cells, not mammalian cells, improving their biosafety. The beneficial properties of baculoviruses make it an attractive option for gene delivery. The use of baculoviruses in gene therapy has advanced significantly, contributing to vaccine production, anti-cancer therapies and regenerative medicine. Currently, baculoviruses are primarily used for recombinant protein production and vaccines. This review will also discuss methods to optimize baculoviruses protein production and mammalian cell entry, limitations and potential for gene therapy and personalized medicine. Limitations such as transient gene expression, complement activation and virus fragility are discussed in details as they can be overcome through further genetic modifications and other methods. This review concludes that baculoviruses are an excllent candidate for gene therapy, personalized medicine and other biotherapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Schaly
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Merry Ghebretatios
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Satya Prakash
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada
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Aulicino F, Capin J, Berger I. Synthetic Virus-Derived Nanosystems (SVNs) for Delivery and Precision Docking of Large Multifunctional DNA Circuitry in Mammalian Cells. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E759. [PMID: 32796680 PMCID: PMC7466058 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12080759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA delivery is at the forefront of current research efforts in gene therapy and synthetic biology. Viral vectors have traditionally dominated the field; however, nonviral delivery systems are increasingly gaining traction. Baculoviruses are arthropod-specific viruses that can be easily engineered and repurposed to accommodate and deliver large sequences of exogenous DNA into mammalian cells, tissues, or ultimately organisms. These synthetic virus-derived nanosystems (SVNs) are safe, readily customized, and can be manufactured at scale. By implementing clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR) associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) modalities into this system, we developed SVNs capable of inserting complex DNAs into genomes, at base pair precision. We anticipate a major role for SVNs as an attractive alternative to viral vectors in accelerating genome engineering and gene therapy applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Aulicino
- Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre BrisSynBio, School of Biochemistry, 1 Tankard’s Close, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK;
| | - Julien Capin
- Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre BrisSynBio, School of Biochemistry, 1 Tankard’s Close, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK;
| | - Imre Berger
- Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre BrisSynBio, School of Biochemistry, 1 Tankard’s Close, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK;
- Max Planck Bristol Centre for Minimal Biology, School of Chemistry, Cantock’s Close, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
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7
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Wang Z, Li M, Ji Y, Yang M, Yang W, Wang J, Li W. Development of a novel bivalent baculovirus vectors for complement resistance and sustained transgene expression and its application in anti-angiogenesis gene therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 123:109765. [PMID: 31846843 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Baculovirus (BV) is a potential gene delivery vector but only mediates transient transgene expression and easily inactivated by human complement. To this end, we intend to develop a novel bivalent BV vector for complement resistance and sustained transgene expression, and evaluate its effect in anti-angiogenesis gene therapy. The results showed that the hybrid bivalent BV significantly prolonged the expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) in vitro for at least 90 days at over 109 a.u. total fluorescence intensity, and exhibited significantly higher complement resistance. The control BV-mediated eGFP expression gradually declined within 15 days and showed lower transduction efficiency. In vivo studies confirmed that the hybrid bivalent BV exhibited longer duration of eGFP expression and higher transduction efficacy than the control BVs. Based on these findings, we further constructed a hybrid BV expressing the antiangiogenic fusion protein containing human endostatin and angiostatin (hEA). The hybrid BV-expressed hEA significantly prolonged the expression level of hEA with enhanced anti-angiogenic activities compared to the control groups, as evidenced by ELISA, cell proliferation, migration and tubular formation assays. With the stable expression of hEA, the hybrid BV conferred hEA more significant inhibitory effect on hepatocellular carcinoma tumor growth and significantly extended the life span of mice. These data implicate that the SB-based BV surface display system may have broad prospects as a novel platform for gene therapy of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhisheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, PR China; Laboratory Animal Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, PR China.
| | - Mengting Li
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, PR China
| | - Yonggan Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Yang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, PR China
| | - Wen Yang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, PR China
| | - Jinbao Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, 518110, PR China.
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Chen MY, Butler SS, Chen W, Suh J. Physical, chemical, and synthetic virology: Reprogramming viruses as controllable nanodevices. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 11:e1545. [PMID: 30411529 PMCID: PMC6461522 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The fields of physical, chemical, and synthetic virology work in partnership to reprogram viruses as controllable nanodevices. Physical virology provides the fundamental biophysical understanding of how virus capsids assemble, disassemble, display metastability, and assume various configurations. Chemical virology considers the virus capsid as a chemically addressable structure, providing chemical pathways to modify the capsid exterior, interior, and subunit interfaces. Synthetic virology takes an engineering approach, modifying the virus capsid through rational, combinatorial, and bioinformatics-driven design strategies. Advances in these three subfields of virology aim to develop virus-based materials and tools that can be applied to solve critical problems in biomedicine and biotechnology, including applications in gene therapy and drug delivery, diagnostics, and immunotherapy. Examples discussed include mammalian viruses, such as adeno-associated virus (AAV), plant viruses, such as cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV), and bacterial viruses, such as Qβ bacteriophage. Importantly, research efforts in physical, chemical, and synthetic virology have further unraveled the design principles foundational to the form and function of viruses. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus-Based Structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan S Butler
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Weitong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Junghae Suh
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
- Systems, Synthetic, and Physical Biology Program, Rice University, Houston, Texas
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9
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Spatial control of in vivo CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing via nanomagnets. Nat Biomed Eng 2018; 3:126-136. [PMID: 30944431 PMCID: PMC6450418 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-018-0318-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The potential of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9)-based therapeutic genome editing is hampered by difficulties in the control of the in vivo activity of CRISPR-Cas9. To minimize any genotoxicity, precise activation of CRISPR-Cas9 in the target tissue is desirable. Here, we show that, by complexing magnetic nanoparticles with recombinant baculoviral vectors (MNP-BVs), CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing can be activated locally in vivo via a magnetic field. The baculoviral vector was chosen for in vivo gene delivery because of its large loading capacity and ability to locally overcome systemic inactivation by the complement system. We demonstrate that a locally applied magnetic field can enhance the cellular entry of MNP-BVs, thereby avoiding baculoviral vector inactivation and causing a transient transgene expression in the target tissue. Because baculoviral vectors are inactivated elsewhere, gene delivery and in vivo genome editing via MNP-BVs are tissue specific.
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Wu Z, Nakamura M, Krauss JK, Schwabe K, John N. Intracranial rat glioma model for tumor resection and local treatment. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 299:1-7. [PMID: 29425709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although tumor resection is among the most important prognostic factors, high grade gliomas regrow in most cases. Also, resection of glial tumors in eloquent brain regions is not or only partially possible. Despite these severe restraints, however, only a few in-vivo models have been established to investigate tumor recurrence and local treatment. Here we characterize the intracranial BT4Ca rat glioma as a model for these aspects. NEW METHOD BT4Ca cells were stereotaxically implanted into the frontal cortex of BDIX rats. Rats were than allocated to (1) a control group, which received no further treatment; (2) a catheter group, where a catheter was implanted for repeated microinjection of vehicle every 3rd day as catheter-control; (3) a resection group, where the tumor was microsurgically removed eight days after cell injection. Postoperatively, survival time, weight and general health condition were scored and the tumor size was histologically assessed. RESULTS Injection of BT4Ca cells induced fast-growing tumors with a mean survival time of 16 days in the control and catheter groups. Resection significantly prolonged survival time whereby the tumor regrew in all rats. Tumor size was similar between all groups. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) We here present a robust and reliable intracranial rat glioma model, which is suitable to simulate tumor recurrence after surgical resection and local treatment. Importantly, this model does not require advanced imaging or elaborate surgical techniques. CONCLUSIONS The intracranial BT4Ca glioma model appears to be a feasible tool to investigate tumor recurrence after resection and to test local treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqun Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Makoto Nakamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Joachim K Krauss
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schwabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nadine John
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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Kwang TW, Zeng X, Wang S. Manufacturing of AcMNPV baculovirus vectors to enable gene therapy trials. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2016; 3:15050. [PMID: 26858963 PMCID: PMC4729316 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2015.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, baculoviruses have become workhorse research tools for transient transgene expression. Although they have not yet been used directly as a gene therapy vector in the clinical setting, numerous preclinical studies have suggested the highly promising potential of baculovirus as a delivery vector for a variety of therapeutic applications including vaccination, tissue engineering, and cancer treatment. As such, there is growing interest in using baculoviruses as human gene therapy vectors, which has led to advances in baculovirus bioprocessing methods. This review provides an overview of the current approaches for scaled-up amplification, concentration, purification, and formulation of AcMNPV baculoviruses, and highlights the key regulatory requirements that must be met before gene therapy clinical trials can be initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shu Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore
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12
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Makkonen KE, Airenne K, Ylä-Herttulala S. Baculovirus-mediated gene delivery and RNAi applications. Viruses 2015; 7:2099-125. [PMID: 25912715 PMCID: PMC4411692 DOI: 10.3390/v7042099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Baculoviruses are widely encountered in nature and a great deal of data is available about their safety and biology. Recently, these versatile, insect-specific viruses have demonstrated their usefulness in various biotechnological applications including protein production and gene transfer. Multiple in vitro and in vivo studies exist and support their use as gene delivery vehicles in vertebrate cells. Recently, baculoviruses have also demonstrated high potential in RNAi applications in which several advantages of the virus make it a promising tool for RNA gene transfer with high safety and wide tropism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa-Emilia Makkonen
- Virtanen Institute, Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211 Finland.
| | - Kari Airenne
- Virtanen Institute, Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211 Finland.
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttulala
- Virtanen Institute, Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211 Finland.
- Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio 70211, Finland.
- Science Service Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio 70211, Finland.
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13
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Paul A, Hasan A, Rodes L, Sangaralingam M, Prakash S. Bioengineered baculoviruses as new class of therapeutics using micro and nanotechnologies: principles, prospects and challenges. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 71:115-30. [PMID: 24503281 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Designing a safe and efficient gene delivery system is required for success of gene therapy trials. Although a wide variety of viral, non-viral and polymeric nanoparticle based careers have been widely studied, the current gene delivery vehicles are limited by their suboptimal, non-specific therapeutic efficacy and acute immunological reactions, leading to unwanted side effects. Recently, there has been a growing interest in insect-cell-originated baculoviruses as gene delivery vehicles for diverse biomedical applications. Specifically, the emergence of diverse types of surface functionalized and bioengineered baculoviruses is posed to edge over currently available gene delivery vehicles. This is primarily because baculoviruses are comparatively non-pathogenic and non-toxic as they cannot replicate in mammalian cells and do not invoke any cytopathic effect. Moreover, emerging advanced studies in this direction have demonstrated that hybridizing the baculovirus surface with different kinds of bioactive therapeutic molecules, cell-specific targeting moieties, protective polymeric grafts and nanomaterials can significantly improve the preclinical efficacy of baculoviruses. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in the field of bioengineering and biotherapeutics to engineer baculovirus hybrids for tailored gene therapy, and articulates in detail the potential and challenges of these strategies for clinical realization. In addition, the article illustrates the rapid evolvement of microfluidic devices as a high throughput platform for optimizing baculovirus production and treatment conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Paul
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Artificial Cells and Organs Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, Québec H3A 2B4, Canada; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Laetitia Rodes
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Artificial Cells and Organs Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, Québec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Mugundhine Sangaralingam
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Artificial Cells and Organs Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, Québec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Satya Prakash
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Artificial Cells and Organs Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, Québec H3A 2B4, Canada.
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14
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Optimization of eGFP expression using a modified baculovirus expression system. J Biotechnol 2014; 173:41-6. [PMID: 24445173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The baculovirus gene expression system is an efficient and safe protein expression system, since baculoviruses cannot replicate in mammalian cells. In order to improve the transduction efficiency and increase the reporter gene expression levels delivered by baculoviruses, we tested in the baculovirus expression cassette the Woodchuck hepatitis virus response element (WPRE), and AAV-derived inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) and the truncated vesicular stomatitis virus G protein (VSV-GED). The results showed that WPRE and VSV-GED have synergistic effects and could enhance the expression efficiency of enhanced green fluorescence protein (eGFP), and that ITRs effectively extended the duration of eGFP expression. We also demonstrated that the efficiency of eGFP expression varied under the control of the CMV, CBA, EF1-α or WSSV ie1 promoters in different cell lines.
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Heikura T, Nieminen T, Roschier MM, Karvinen H, Kaikkonen MU, Mähönen AJ, Lesch HP, Rissanen TT, Laitinen OH, Airenne KJ, Ylä-Herttuala S. Baculovirus-mediated vascular endothelial growth factor-D(ΔNΔC) gene transfer induces angiogenesis in rabbit skeletal muscle. J Gene Med 2012; 14:35-43. [PMID: 22162149 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occluded arteries and ischemic tissues cannot always be treated by angioplasty, stenting or by-pass-surgery. Under such circumstances, viral gene therapy may be useful in inducing increased blood supply to ischemic area. There is evidence of improved blood flow in ischemic skeletal muscle and myocardium in both animal and human studies using adenoviral vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene therapy. However, the expression is transient and repeated gene transfers with the same vector are inefficient due to immune responses. METHODS Different baculoviral vectors pseudotyped with or without vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G) and/or carrying woodchuck hepatitis virus post-transcriptional regulatory element (Wpre) were tested both in vitro and in vivo. VEGF-D(ΔNΔC) was used as therapeutic transgene and lacZ as a control. In vivo efficacy was evaluated as capillary enlargement and transgene expression in New Zealand White (NZW) rabbit skeletal muscle. RESULTS A statistically significant capillary enlargement was detected 6 days after gene transfer in transduced areas compared to the control gene transfers with baculovirus and adenovirus encoding β-galactosidase (lacZ). Substantially improved gene transfer efficiency was achieved with a modified baculovirus pseudotyped with VSV-G and carrying Wpre. Dose escalation experiments revealed that either too large volume or too many virus particles caused inflammation and necrosis in the target tissue, whereas 10(9) plaque forming units injected in multiple aliquots resulted in transgene expression with only mild immune reactions. CONCLUSIONS We show the first evidence of biologically significant baculoviral gene transfer in skeletal muscle of NZW rabbits using VEGF-D(ΔNΔC) as a therapeutic transgene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommi Heikura
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, AI Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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16
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Hu ZP, Yin J, Zhang YY, Jia SY, Chen ZJ, Zhong J. Characterization of the immune responses elicited by baculovirus-based vector vaccines against influenza virus hemagglutinin. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2012; 33:783-90. [PMID: 22562016 PMCID: PMC4010374 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2012.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To compare the specific immune responses elicited by different baculovirus vectors in immunized mice. METHODS We constructed and characterized two recombinant baculoviruses carrying the expression cassette for the H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) gene driven by either an insect cell promoter (vAc-HA) or a dual-promoter active both in insect and mammalian cells (vAc-HA-DUAL). Virus without the HA gene (vAc-EGFP) was used as a control. These viruses were used to immunize mice subcutaneously and intraperitoneally. The production of total and specific antibodies was determined by ELISA and competitive ELISA. Cytokine production by the spleen cells of immunized mice was studied using the ELISPOT assay. RESULTS Both the vAc-HA and vAc-HA-DUAL vectors expressed HA proteins in insect Sf9 cells, and HA antigen was present in progeny virions. The vAc-HA-DUAL vector also mediated HA expression in virus-transduced mammalian cell lines (BHK and A547). Both vAc-HA and vAc-HA-DUAL exhibited higher transduction efficiencies than vAc-EGFP in mammalian cells, as shown by the expression of the reporter gene egfp. Additionally, both vAc-HA and vAc-HA-DUAL induced high levels of HA-specific antibody production in immunized mice; vAc-HA-DUAL was more efficient in inducing IFN-γ and IL-2 upon stimulation with specific antigen, whereas vAc-HA was more efficient in inducing IL-4 and IL-6. CONCLUSION Baculovirus vectors elicited efficient, specific immune responses in immunized mice. The vector displaying the HA antigen on the virion surface (vAc-HA) elicited a Th2-biased immune response, whereas the vector displaying HA and mediating HA expression in the cell (vAc-HA-DUAL) elicited a Th1-biased immune response.
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17
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Li SF, Wang HL, Hu ZH, Deng F. Genetic modification of baculovirus expression vectors. Virol Sin 2012; 27:71-82. [PMID: 22491998 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-012-3236-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As a protein expression vector, the baculovirus demonstrates many advantages over other vectors. With the development of biotechnology, baculoviral vectors have been genetically modified to facilitate high level expression of heterologous proteins in both insect and mammalian cells. These modifications include utilization of different promoters and signal peptides, deletion or replacement of viral genes for increasing protein secretion, integration of polycistronic expression cassette for producing protein complexes, and baculovirus pseudotyping, promoter accommodation or surface display for enhancing mammalian cell targeting gene delivery. This review summarizes the development and the current state of art of the baculovirus expression system. Further development of baculovirus expression systems will make them even more feasible and accessible for advanced applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-fen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Joint-Lab of Invertebrate Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
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Rivera-Gonzalez GC, Swift SL, Dussupt V, Georgopoulos LJ, Maitland NJ. Baculoviruses as gene therapy vectors for human prostate cancer. J Invertebr Pathol 2011; 107 Suppl:S59-70. [PMID: 21784232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in ageing men in the western world. While the primary cancers can be treated with androgen ablation, radiotherapy and surgery, recurrent castration resistant cancers have an extremely poor prognosis, hence promoting research that could lead to a better treatment. Targeted therapeutic gene therapy may provide an attractive option for these patients. By exploiting the natural ability of viruses to target and transfer their genes into cancer cells, either naturally or after genetic manipulation, new generations of biological control can be developed. In this review we present the advantages and practicalities of using baculovirus as a vector for prostate cancer gene therapy and provide evidence for the potential of the baculovirus Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) as a safer alternative vehicle for targeting cancer cells. Strategies to target baculovirus binding specifically to prostate cell surfaces are also presented. The large insertion capacity of baculoviruses also permits restricted, prostate-specific gene expression of therapeutic genes by cloning extended human transcriptional control sequences into the baculovirus genome.
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Kaikkonen MU, Ylä-Herttuala S, Airenne KJ. How to avoid complement attack in baculovirus-mediated gene delivery. J Invertebr Pathol 2011; 107 Suppl:S71-9. [PMID: 21784233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2011.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Serum inactivation of baculovirus vectors is a significant barrier to the development of these highly efficient vectors for therapeutic gene delivery. In this review we will describe the efforts taken to avoid complement attack by passive or active measures. Evidently good targets for baculovirus-mediated gene delivery include immunoprivileged tissues, such as eye, brain and testis. Similarly baculovirus vectors have also proven their efficacy in an ex vivo setting for tissue engineering. Active measures to inhibit complement include the use of pharmacological inhibitors of complement as well as surface engineering of the baculoviral vectors through the use of synthetic polymers, pseudotyping or display of complement inhibitors. Lessons learned from these studies will significantly increase the possibility of using baculovirus vectors for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna U Kaikkonen
- AI Virtanen Institute, Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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20
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Magnetic Nanoparticles Enhance Adenovirus Transduction In Vitro and In Vivo. Pharm Res 2011; 29:1203-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0629-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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21
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Plank C, Zelphati O, Mykhaylyk O. Magnetically enhanced nucleic acid delivery. Ten years of magnetofection-progress and prospects. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2011; 63:1300-31. [PMID: 21893135 PMCID: PMC7103316 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acids carry the building plans of living systems. As such, they can be exploited to make cells produce a desired protein, or to shut down the expression of endogenous genes or even to repair defective genes. Hence, nucleic acids are unique substances for research and therapy. To exploit their potential, they need to be delivered into cells which can be a challenging task in many respects. During the last decade, nanomagnetic methods for delivering and targeting nucleic acids have been developed, methods which are often referred to as magnetofection. In this review we summarize the progress and achievements in this field of research. We discuss magnetic formulations of vectors for nucleic acid delivery and their characterization, mechanisms of magnetofection, and the application of magnetofection in viral and nonviral nucleic acid delivery in cell culture and in animal models. We summarize results that have been obtained with using magnetofection in basic research and in preclinical animal models. Finally, we describe some of our recent work and end with some conclusions and perspectives.
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22
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Paul A, Binsalamah ZM, Khan AA, Abbasia S, Elias CB, Shum-Tim D, Prakash S. A nanobiohybrid complex of recombinant baculovirus and Tat/DNA nanoparticles for delivery of Ang-1 transgene in myocardial infarction therapy. Biomaterials 2011; 32:8304-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Pokorski JK, Hovlid ML, Finn MG. Cell targeting with hybrid Qβ virus-like particles displaying epidermal growth factor. Chembiochem 2011; 12:2441-7. [PMID: 21956837 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201100469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Structurally uniform protein nanoparticles derived from the self-assembly of viral capsid proteins are attractive platforms for the multivalent display of cell-targeting motifs for use in nanomedicine. Virus-based nanoparticles are of particular interest because the scaffold can be manipulated both genetically and chemically to simultaneously display targeting groups and carry a functional payload. Here, we displayed the human epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the exterior surface of bacteriophage Qβ as a C-terminal genetic fusion to the Qβ capsid protein. The co-assembly of wild-type Qβ and EGF-modified subunits resulted in structurally homogeneous nanoparticles displaying between 5 and 12 copies of EGF on their exterior surface. The particles were found to be amenable to bioconjugation by standard methods as well as the high-fidelity copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAC). Such chemical derivatization did not impair the ability of the particles to specifically interact with the EGF receptor. Additionally, the particle-displayed EGF remained biologically active promoting autophosphorylation of the EGF receptor and apoptosis of A431 cells. These results suggest that hybrid Qβ-EGF nanoparticles could be useful vehicles for targeted delivery of imaging and/or therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan K Pokorski
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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24
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Mahmoudi M, Serpooshan V, Laurent S. Engineered nanoparticles for biomolecular imaging. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:3007-26. [PMID: 21717012 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr10326a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the production of nanoparticles (NPs) and exploration of their unusual properties have attracted the attention of physicists, chemists, biologists and engineers. Interest in NPs arises from the fact that the mechanical, chemical, electrical, optical, magnetic, electro-optical and magneto-optical properties of these particles are different from their bulk properties and depend on the particle size. There are numerous areas where nanoparticulate systems are of scientific and technological interest, particularly in biomedicine where the emergence of NPs with specific properties (e.g. magnetic and fluorescence) for contrast agents can lead to advancing the understanding of biological processes at the biomolecular level. This review will cover a full description of the physics of various imaging methods, including MRI, optical techniques, X-rays and CT. In addition, the effect of NPs on the improvement of the mentioned non-invasive imaging methods will be discussed together with their advantages and disadvantages. A detailed discussion will also be provided on the recent advances in imaging agents, such as fluorescent dye-doped silica NPs, quantum dots, gold- and engineered polymeric-NPs, superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs (SPIONs), and multimodal NPs (i.e. nanomaterials that are active in both MRI and optical methods), which are employed to overcome many of the limitations of conventional contrast agents (e.g. gadolinium).
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Mahmoudi
- National Cell Bank, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 11365-8639, Iran
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25
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HERRANZ FERNANDO, ALMARZA ELENA, RODRÍGUEZ IGNACIO, SALINAS BEATRIZ, ROSELL YAMILKA, DESCO MANUEL, BULTE JEFFW, RUIZ-CABELLO JESÚS. The application of nanoparticles in gene therapy and magnetic resonance imaging. Microsc Res Tech 2011; 74:577-91. [PMID: 21484943 PMCID: PMC3422774 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The combination of nanoparticles, gene therapy, and medical imaging has given rise to a new field known as gene theranostics, in which a nanobioconjugate is used to diagnose and treat the disease. The process generally involves binding between a vector carrying the genetic information and a nanoparticle, which provides the signal for imaging. The synthesis of this probe generates a synergic effect, enhancing the efficiency of gene transduction and imaging contrast. We discuss the latest approaches in the synthesis of nanoparticles for magnetic resonance imaging, gene therapy strategies, and their conjugation and in vivo application.
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Affiliation(s)
- FERNANDO HERRANZ
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Química Física II, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio de Imagen Médica, Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Hospital General Universitario “Gregorio Marañ ón,” Madrid, Spain
| | - ELENA ALMARZA
- División de Hematopoyesis y Terapia Génica, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), y Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - IGNACIO RODRÍGUEZ
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Química Física II, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - BEATRIZ SALINAS
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Química Física II, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio de Imagen Médica, Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Hospital General Universitario “Gregorio Marañ ón,” Madrid, Spain
| | - YAMILKA ROSELL
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Química Física II, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - MANUEL DESCO
- Laboratorio de Imagen Médica, Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Hospital General Universitario “Gregorio Marañ ón,” Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - JEFF W. BULTE
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - JESÚS RUIZ-CABELLO
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Química Física II, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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26
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Chen CY, Lin CY, Chen GY, Hu YC. Baculovirus as a gene delivery vector: recent understandings of molecular alterations in transduced cells and latest applications. Biotechnol Adv 2011; 29:618-31. [PMID: 21550393 PMCID: PMC7126054 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Baculovirus infects insects in nature and is non-pathogenic to humans, but can transduce a broad range of mammalian and avian cells. Thanks to the biosafety, large cloning capacity, low cytotoxicity and non-replication nature in the transduced cells as well as the ease of manipulation and production, baculovirus has gained explosive popularity as a gene delivery vector for a wide variety of applications. This article extensively reviews the recent understandings of the molecular mechanisms pertinent to baculovirus entry and cellular responses, and covers the latest advances in the vector improvements and applications, with special emphasis on antiviral therapy, cancer therapy, regenerative medicine and vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yuan Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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27
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Airenne KJ, Makkonen KE, Mähönen AJ, Ylä-Herttuala S. Baculoviruses mediate efficient gene expression in a wide range of vertebrate cells. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 737:279-301. [PMID: 21590402 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-095-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is well known as a feasible and safe technology to produce recombinant (re-)proteins in a eukaryotic milieu of insect cells. However, its proven power in gene delivery and gene therapy is still poorly recognized. The basis of BEVS lies in large enveloped DNA viruses derived from insects, the prototype virus being Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV). Infection of insect cell culture with a virus encoding a desired transgene under powerful baculovirus promoter leads to re-protein production in high quantities. Although the replication of AcMNPV is highly insect specific in nature, it can penetrate and transduce a wide range of cells of other origin. Efficient transduction requires only virus arming with an expression cassette active in the cells under investigation. The inherent safety, ease and speed of virus generation in high quantities, low cytotoxicity and extreme transgene capacity and tropism provides many advantages for gene delivery over the other viral vectors typically derived from human pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari J Airenne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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28
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Lesch HP, Kaikkonen MU, Pikkarainen JT, Ylä-Herttuala S. Avidin-biotin technology in targeted therapy. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2010; 7:551-64. [PMID: 20233034 DOI: 10.1517/17425241003677749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD The goal of drug targeting is to increase the concentration of the drug in the vicinity of the cells responsible for disease without affecting healthy cells. Many approaches in cancer treatment are limited because of their broad range of unwanted side effects on healthy cells. Targeting can reduce side effects and increase efficacy of drugs in the patient. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW Avidin, originally isolated from chicken eggs, and its bacterial analogue, streptavidin, from Streptomyces avidinii, have extremely high affinity for biotin. This unique feature is the basis of avidin-biotin technology. This article reviews the current status of avidin-biotin systems and their use for pretargeted drug delivery and vector targeting. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN The reader will gain an understanding of the following approaches using the avidin-biotin system: i) targeting antibodies and therapeutic molecules are administered separately leading to a reduction of drug dose in normal tissues compared with conventional (radio)immunotherapies; ii) introducing avidin gene into specific tissues by local gene transfer, which subsequently can sequester and concentrate considerable amounts of therapeutic ligands; and iii) enabling transductional targeting of gene therapy vectors. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Avidin and biotin technology has proved to be an extremely versatile tool with broad applications, such as pretargeting, delivering avidin gene into cells enabling targeting of biotinylated compounds and targeting of viral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna P Lesch
- University of Eastern Finland, A.I. Virtanen institute, Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
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29
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Tresilwised N, Pithayanukul P, Mykhaylyk O, Holm PS, Holzmüller R, Anton M, Thalhammer S, Adigüzel D, Döblinger M, Plank C. Boosting Oncolytic Adenovirus Potency with Magnetic Nanoparticles and Magnetic Force. Mol Pharm 2010; 7:1069-89. [DOI: 10.1021/mp100123t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nittaya Tresilwised
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Therapy Research, Technische Universität München, Munich 81675, Germany, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand, Helmholtz Zentrum München, AG NanoAnalytics, Neuherberg 85764, Germany, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Pimolpan Pithayanukul
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Therapy Research, Technische Universität München, Munich 81675, Germany, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand, Helmholtz Zentrum München, AG NanoAnalytics, Neuherberg 85764, Germany, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Olga Mykhaylyk
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Therapy Research, Technische Universität München, Munich 81675, Germany, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand, Helmholtz Zentrum München, AG NanoAnalytics, Neuherberg 85764, Germany, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Per Sonne Holm
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Therapy Research, Technische Universität München, Munich 81675, Germany, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand, Helmholtz Zentrum München, AG NanoAnalytics, Neuherberg 85764, Germany, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Regina Holzmüller
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Therapy Research, Technische Universität München, Munich 81675, Germany, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand, Helmholtz Zentrum München, AG NanoAnalytics, Neuherberg 85764, Germany, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Martina Anton
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Therapy Research, Technische Universität München, Munich 81675, Germany, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand, Helmholtz Zentrum München, AG NanoAnalytics, Neuherberg 85764, Germany, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Stefan Thalhammer
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Therapy Research, Technische Universität München, Munich 81675, Germany, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand, Helmholtz Zentrum München, AG NanoAnalytics, Neuherberg 85764, Germany, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Denis Adigüzel
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Therapy Research, Technische Universität München, Munich 81675, Germany, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand, Helmholtz Zentrum München, AG NanoAnalytics, Neuherberg 85764, Germany, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Markus Döblinger
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Therapy Research, Technische Universität München, Munich 81675, Germany, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand, Helmholtz Zentrum München, AG NanoAnalytics, Neuherberg 85764, Germany, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Christian Plank
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Therapy Research, Technische Universität München, Munich 81675, Germany, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand, Helmholtz Zentrum München, AG NanoAnalytics, Neuherberg 85764, Germany, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 81377, Germany
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Airenne KJ, Laitinen OH, Mähönen AJ, Ylä-Herttuala S. Transduction of vertebrate cells with recombinant baculovirus. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2010; 2009:pdb.prot5182. [PMID: 20147117 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot5182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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31
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Plank C, Rosenecker J. Magnetofection: the use of magnetic nanoparticles for nucleic acid delivery. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2010; 2009:pdb.prot5230. [PMID: 20147188 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot5230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus efficiently infects Sf9 cells and transduces mammalian cells via direct fusion with the plasma membrane at low pH. J Virol 2010; 84:5351-9. [PMID: 20219938 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02517-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The budded virus (BV) of the Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) infects insect cells and transduces mammalian cells mainly through the endocytosis pathway. However, this study revealed that the treatment of the virus bound to Sf9 cells at low pH could efficiently rescue the infectivity of AcMNPV in the presence of endocytosis pathway inhibitors. A colocalization assay of the major capsid protein VP39 with the early endosome marker EEA1 showed that at low pH, AcMNPV entered Sf9 cells via an endosome-independent pathway. Using a fluorescent probe (R18), we showed that at low pH, the viral nucleocapsid entered Sf9 cells via direct fusion at the cell surface. By using the myosin-specific inhibitor 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM) and the microtubule inhibitor nocodazole, the low pH-triggered direct fusion was demonstrated to be dependent on myosin-like proteins and independent of microtubules. The reverse transcription-PCR of the IE1 gene as a marker for viral entry showed that the kinetics of AcMNPV in cells triggered by low pH was similar to that of the normal entry via endocytosis. The low pH-mediated infection assay and VP39 and EEA1 colocalization assay also demonstrated that AcMNPV could efficiently transduce mammalian cells via direct membrane fusion at the cell surface. More importantly, we found that a low-pH trigger could significantly improve the transduction efficiency of AcMNPV in mammalian cells, leading to the potential application of this method when using baculovirus as a vector for heterologous gene expression and for gene therapy.
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Mäkelä AR, Ernst W, Grabherr R, Oker-Blom C. Baculovirus-based display and gene delivery systems. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2010; 2010:pdb.top72. [PMID: 20194476 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.top72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The baculovirus expression vector system has been used extensively to produce numerous proteins originating from both prokaryotic and eukaryotic sources. In addition to easy cloning techniques and abundant viral propagation, the system's insect cell environment provides eukaryotic post-translational modification machinery. The recently established eukaryotic molecular biology tool, the baculovirus display vector system (BDVS), allows the combination of genotype with phenotype, enabling presentation of foreign peptides or even complex proteins on the baculoviral envelope or capsid. This strategy is important because it can be used to enhance viral binding and entry to mammalian cells as well as to produce antibodies against the displayed antigen. In addition, the technology should enable modifications of intracellular behavior, that is, trafficking of recombinant "nanoparticles," a highly relevant feature for studies of targeted gene or protein delivery. This article discusses the design and potential uses of insect-derived baculoviral display vectors.
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Markusic DM, van Til NP, Hiralall JK, Elferink RPJO, Seppen J. Reduction of liver macrophage transduction by pseudotyping lentiviral vectors with a fusion envelope from Autographa californica GP64 and Sendai virus F2 domain. BMC Biotechnol 2009; 9:85. [PMID: 19811629 PMCID: PMC2762966 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-9-85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 10/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lentiviral vectors are well suited for gene therapy because they can mediate long-term expression in both dividing and nondividing cells. However, lentiviral vectors seem less suitable for liver gene therapy because systemically administered lentiviral vectors are preferentially sequestered by liver macrophages. This results in a reduction of available virus and might also increase the immune response to the vector and vector products. Reduction of macrophage sequestration is therefore essential for efficient lentiviral liver gene therapy. Results Fusions were made of Autographa californica GP64 and the hepatocyte specific Sendai Virus envelope proteins. Lentiviral vectors were produced with either wild type GP64, Sendai-GP64, or both wild type GP64 and Sendai-GP64 and tested in vitro and in vivo for hepatocyte and macrophage gene transfer. Sendai-GP64 pseudotyped vectors showed specific gene transfer to HepG2 hepatoma cells, with no detectable transduction of HeLa cervical carcinoma cells, and a decreased affinity for RAW mouse macrophages. Co-expression of wild type GP64 and Sendai-GP64 resulted in improved viral titers while retaining increased affinity for HepG2 cells. In vivo, the Sendai-GP64 vectors also showed decreased transduction of murine liver macrophages. Conclusion We demonstrate reduced macrophage transduction in vitro and in vivo with GP64/Sendai chimeric envelope proteins.
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(Strept)avidin-displaying lentiviruses as versatile tools for targeting and dual imaging of gene delivery. Gene Ther 2009; 16:894-904. [PMID: 19440224 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2009.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Lentiviruses have shown great promise for human gene therapy. However, no optimal strategies are yet available for noninvasive imaging of virus biodistribution and subsequent transduction in vivo. We have developed a dual-imaging strategy based on avidin-biotin system allowing easy exchange of the surface ligand on HIV-derived lentivirus envelope. This was achieved by displaying avidin or streptavidin fused to the transmembrane anchor of vesicular stomatitis virus G protein on gp64-pseudotyped envelopes. Avidin and streptavidin were efficiently incorporated on virus particles, which consequently showed binding to biotin in ELISA. These vectors, conjugated to biotinylated radionuclides and engineered to express a ferritin transgene, enabled for the first-time dual imaging of virus biodistribution and transduction pattern by single-photon emission computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging after stereotactic injection into rat brain. In addition, vector retargeting to cancer cells overexpressing CD46, epidermal growth factor and transferrin receptors using biotinylated ligands and antibodies was demonstrated in vitro. In conclusion, we have generated novel lentivirus vectors for noninvasive imaging and targeting of lentivirus-mediated gene delivery. This study suggests that these novel vectors could be applicable for the treatment of central nervous system disorders and cancer.
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Barth RF, Kaur B. Rat brain tumor models in experimental neuro-oncology: the C6, 9L, T9, RG2, F98, BT4C, RT-2 and CNS-1 gliomas. J Neurooncol 2009; 94:299-312. [PMID: 19381449 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-009-9875-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/16/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this review we will describe eight commonly used rat brain tumor models and their application for the development of novel therapeutic and diagnostic modalities. The C6, 9L and T9 gliomas were induced by repeated injections of methylnitrosourea (MNU) to adult rats. The C6 glioma has been used extensively for a variety of studies, but since it arose in an outbred Wistar rat, it is not syngeneic to any inbred strain, and its potential to evoke an alloimmune response is a serious limitation. The 9L gliosarcoma has been used widely and has provided important information relating to brain tumor biology and therapy. The T9 glioma, although not generally recognized, was and probably still is the same as the 9L. Both of these tumors arose in Fischer rats and can be immunogenic in syngeneic hosts, a fact that must be taken into consideration when used in therapy studies, especially if survival is the endpoint. The RG2 and F98 gliomas were both chemically induced by administering ethylnitrosourea (ENU) to pregnant rats, the progeny of which developed brain tumors that subsequently were propagated in vitro and cloned. They are either weakly or non-immunogenic and have an invasive pattern of growth and uniform lethality, which make them particularly attractive models to test new therapeutic modalities. The CNS-1 glioma was induced by administering MNU to a Lewis rat. It has an infiltrative pattern of growth and is weakly immunogenic, which should make it useful in experimental neuro-oncology. Finally, the BT4C glioma was induced by administering ENU to a BD IX rat, following which brain cells were propagated in vitro until a tumorigenic clone was isolated. This tumor has been used for a variety of studies to evaluate new therapeutic modalities. The Avian Sarcoma Virus (ASV) induced tumors, and a continuous cell line derived from one of them designated RT-2, have been useful for studies in which de novo tumor induction is an important requirement. These tumors also are immunogenic and this limits their usefulness for therapy studies. It is essential to recognize the limitations of each of the models that have been described, and depending upon the nature of the study to be conducted, it is important that the appropriate model be selected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf F Barth
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, 165 Hamilton Hall, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Antigen delivery systems for veterinary vaccine development. Viral-vector based delivery systems. Vaccine 2009; 26:6508-28. [PMID: 18838097 PMCID: PMC7131726 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2008] [Revised: 08/21/2008] [Accepted: 09/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The recent advances in molecular genetics, pathogenesis and immunology have provided an optimal framework for developing novel approaches in the rational design of vaccines effective against viral epizootic diseases. This paper reviews most of the viral-vector based antigen delivery systems (ADSs) recently developed for vaccine testing in veterinary species, including attenuated virus and DNA and RNA viral vectors. Besides their usefulness in vaccinology, these ADSs constitute invaluable tools to researchers for understanding the nature of protective responses in different species, opening the possibility of modulating or potentiating relevant immune mechanisms involved in protection.
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Kim YK, Choi JY, Jiang HL, Arote R, Jere D, Cho MH, Je YH, Cho CS. Hybrid of baculovirus and galactosylated PEI for efficient gene carrier. Virology 2009; 387:89-97. [PMID: 19272627 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2009.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2008] [Revised: 01/29/2009] [Accepted: 02/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Baculovirus, containing an appropriate eukaryotic promoter, is considered an attractive approach for an efficient and safe gene delivery vehicle. However, the drawbacks of baculovirus, such as the lack of specificity and the inactivation of baculovirus by the complement system in human serum, negatively affect efficient gene delivery. Therefore, a hybrid system utilizing the positive aspects of both viral and non-viral vector systems would be useful to overcome the obstacles of either system alone. In this study, we constructed a hybrid system composed of baculovirus (B) and galactosylated polyethylenimine (GP)/DNA complexes through electrostatic interaction. The resulting GP/B hybrid had suitable physicochemical properties and low cytotoxicity for use in gene therapy. Furthermore, the GP/B significantly enhanced transduction efficiency and showed good cell-specificity compared to either viral or non-viral vector systems. These results suggest that the GP/B hybrid system can be used in gene therapy to enhance transduction efficiency and hepatocyte specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, South Korea
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Mäkelä AR, Enbäck J, Laakkonen JP, Vihinen-Ranta M, Laakkonen P, Oker-Blom C. Tumor targeting of baculovirus displaying a lymphatic homing peptide. J Gene Med 2009; 10:1019-31. [PMID: 18655234 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-associated cells and vasculature express attractive molecular markers for site-specific vector targeting. To attain tumor-selective tropism, we recently developed a baculovirus vector displaying the lymphatic homing peptide LyP-1, originally identified by ex vivo/in vivo screening of phage display libraries, on the viral envelope by fusion to the transmembrane anchor of vesicular stomatitis virus G-protein. METHODS In the present study, we explored the specificity and kinetics of viral binding and internalization as well as in vivo tumor homing of the LyP-1 displaying virus to elucidate the applicability of baculovirus for targeted therapies. RESULTS We demonstrated that the LyP-1 peptide contributes to saturable binding of baculovirus in human MDA-MB-435 and HepG2 carcinoma cells and escalates the kinetics of viral internalization leading to earlier nuclear accumulation and enhanced transgene expression. The LyP-1 displaying virus also showed stronger competitiveness against transduction with wild-type baculovirus, suggesting involvement of a specific receptor in cellular attachment and entry. Following intravenous injections, the modified virus accumulated within the human MDA-MB-435 and MDA-MB-231 carcinoma xenografts in mice with higher specificity and efficiency than the control virus. Targeting of the modified virus was more specific in the MDA-MB-435 than in the MDA-MB-231 xenografts as demonstrated by higher tumor accumulation and lower distribution in nontarget organs. No apparent cytotoxicity was associated with the surface modification. CONCLUSIONS This first demonstration of in vivo tumor targeting of a systemically administered, tropism-modified baculoviral vector highlights the potential of baculovirus-mediated targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Mäkelä
- NanoScience Center, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
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40
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Vicente T, Peixoto C, Carrondo MJT, Alves PM. Virus production for clinical gene therapy. Methods Mol Biol 2009; 542:447-70. [PMID: 19565917 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-561-9_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy is becoming increasingly relevant for the treatment of prominent human diseases. Viral vectors are currently used in more than 50% of the gene therapy clinical trials, most of them aimed at cancer diseases. Clearly, the increasing needs of high-quality viral preparations require the elimination of process bottlenecks, streamlining the development of a viral vector into a real-world clinical tool. Virus production for clinical gene therapy can be a limiting step because many virus generation protocols rely on labor-intensive, bench-scale methods; robust, cost-effective strategies for the delivery of clinical-grade viruses are thus essential for the future of gene therapy. A comprehensive picture of key aspects on the integration of upstream and downstream processing is addressed in this chapter, by describing the case study of recombinant budded baculoviruses for gene therapy; scalable methods are described in detail as well as mandatory characterization techniques for a proper and complete quality assessment of the viral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Vicente
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tenológica (IBET), Oeiras, Portugal
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41
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Kaikkonen MU, Viholainen JI, Närvänen A, Ylä-Herttuala S, Airenne KJ. Targeting and purification of metabolically biotinylated baculovirus. Hum Gene Ther 2008; 19:589-600. [PMID: 18479188 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2007.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting viral entry is one of the major goals in the development of vectors for gene therapy. Ideally, the coupling of each new targeting motif would not require changes in vector structure. To achieve this, we developed novel metabolically biotinylated baculoviral vectors by displaying a small biotin acceptor peptide (BAP) fused either to different sites in the baculovirus glycoprotein gp64 or to the transmembrane anchor of vesicular stomatitis virus G protein. Baculoviral particles were biotinylated during vector production by coexpression of Escherichia coli biotin ligase (BirA). The insertion of BAP at amino acid position 283 of gp64 resulted in the most efficient biotin display. Unlike vectors with lower biotin display, these vectors also showed improved transduction when retargeted to transferrin, epidermal growth factor, and CD46 receptors overexpressed on rat glioma and human ovarian carcinoma cells. Biotinylated baculoviral vectors could also be concentrated by one-step magnetic particle-based capture to reach titers up to 10(10) plaque-forming units/ml. These results demonstrate the utility of metabolically biotinylated baculovirus for vector targeting and viral purification applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna U Kaikkonen
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Yao X, Han Q, Song J, Liang C, Wakita T, Yang R, Chen X. Baculovirus Mediated Production of Infectious Hepatitis C Virus in Human Hepatoma Cells Stably Expressing T7 RNA Polymerase. Mol Biotechnol 2008; 40:186-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-008-9075-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2008] [Accepted: 05/21/2008] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Mäkelä AR, Närvänen A, Oker-Blom C. Peptide-mediated interference with baculovirus transduction. J Biotechnol 2008; 134:20-32. [PMID: 18294718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2007] [Revised: 12/14/2007] [Accepted: 12/17/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Baculovirus represents a multifunctional platform with potential for biomedical applications including disease therapies. The importance of F3, a tumor-homing peptide, in baculovirus transduction was previously recognized by the ability of F3 to augment viral binding and gene delivery to human cancer cells following display on the viral envelope. Here, F3 was utilized as a molecular tool to expand understanding of the poorly characterized baculovirus-mammalian cell interactions. Baculovirus-mediated transduction of HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells was strongly inhibited by coincubating the virus with synthetic F3 or following incorporation of F3 into viral nucleocapsid by genetic engineering, the former suggesting direct interaction of the soluble peptide with the virus particles. Since internalization and nuclear accumulation of the virus were significantly inhibited or delayed, but the kinetics of viral binding, initial uptake, and endosomal release were unaffected, F3 likely interferes with cytoplasmic trafficking and subsequent nuclear transport of the virus. A polyclonal antibody raised against nucleolin, the internalizing receptor of F3, failed to inhibit cellular binding, but considerably reduced viral transduction efficiency, proposing the involvement of nucleolin in baculovirus entry. Together, these results render the F3 peptide a tool for elucidating the mechanism and molecular details conferring to baculovirus-mediated gene transduction in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Mäkelä
- NanoScience Center, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, PO Box 35, FIN-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
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Mykhaylyk O, Antequera YS, Vlaskou D, Plank C. Generation of magnetic nonviral gene transfer agents and magnetofection in vitro. Nat Protoc 2008; 2:2391-411. [PMID: 17947981 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2007.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This protocol details how to design and conduct experiments to deliver nucleic acids to adherent and suspension cell cultures in vitro by magnetic force-assisted transfection using self-assembled complexes of nucleic acids and cationic lipids or polymers (nonviral gene vectors), which are associated with magnetic (nano) particles. These magnetic complexes are sedimented onto the surface of the cells to be transfected within minutes by the application of a magnetic gradient field. As the diffusion barrier to nucleic acid delivery is overcome, the full vector dose is targeted to the cell surface and transfection is synchronized. In this manner, the transfection process is accelerated and transfection efficiencies can be improved up to several 1,000-fold compared with transfections carried out with nonmagnetic gene vectors. This protocol describes how to accomplish the following stages: synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles for magnetofection; testing the association of DNA with the magnetic components of the transfection complex; preparation of magnetic lipoplexes and polyplexes; magnetofection; and data processing. The synthesis and characterization of magnetic nanoparticles can be accomplished within 3-5 d. Cell culture and transfection is then estimated to take 3 d. Transfected gene expression analysis, cell viability assays and calibration will probably take a few hours. This protocol can be used for cells that are difficult to transfect, such as primary cells, and may also be applied to viral nucleic acid delivery. With only minor alterations, this protocol can also be useful for magnetic cell labeling for cell tracking studies and, as it is, will be useful for screening vector compositions and novel magnetic nanoparticle preparations for optimized transfection efficiency in any cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Mykhaylyk
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Strasse 22, Munich 81675, Germany.
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45
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46
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Laakkonen JP, Kaikkonen MU, Ronkainen PHA, Ihalainen TO, Niskanen EA, Häkkinen M, Salminen M, Kulomaa MS, Ylä-Herttuala S, Airenne KJ, Vihinen-Ranta M. Baculovirus-mediated immediate-early gene expression and nuclear reorganization in human cells. Cell Microbiol 2007; 10:667-81. [PMID: 18042259 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2007.01074.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Baculovirus, Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV), has the ability to transduce mammalian cell lines without replication. The general objective of this study was to detect the transcription and expression of viral immediate-early genes in human cells and to examine the interactions between viral components and subnuclear structures. Viral capsids were seen in large, discrete foci in nuclei of both dividing and non-dividing human cells. Concurrently, the transcription of viral immediate-early transregulator genes (ie-1, ie-2) and translation of IE-2 protein were detected. Quantitative microscopy imaging and analysis showed that virus transduction altered the size of promyelocytic leukaemia nuclear bodies, which are suggested to be involved in replication and transcription of various viruses. Furthermore, altered distribution of the chromatin marker Draq5 and histone core protein (H2B) in transduced cells indicated that the virus was able to induce remodelling of the host cell chromatin. To conclude, this study shows that the non-replicative insect virus, baculovirus and its proteins can induce multiple changes in the cellular machinery of human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna P Laakkonen
- NanoScience Center, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
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Kim YK, Choi JY, Yoo MK, Jiang HL, Arote R, Je YH, Cho MH, Cho CS. Receptor-mediated gene delivery by folate-PEG-baculovirus in vitro. J Biotechnol 2007; 131:353-61. [PMID: 17727999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.07.938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2007] [Revised: 06/26/2007] [Accepted: 07/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Gene delivery using baculovirus is a promising approach for efficient and safe gene therapy compared with animal viruses. However, obstacles of baculovirus-mediated gene delivery include inactivation of baculovirus in human serum and whole blood and the lack of specificity in targeted delivery. Therefore, chemical modification of the viral surface with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and a targeting ligand, such as folate, is necessary for stable and targeted gene delivery via receptor-mediated endocytosis. In this study, folate-PEG (F-PEG) was attached on the baculovirus surface to obtain efficiency and specificity of gene delivery. Composition of F-PEG and degree of capsid modification with F-PEG was determined using (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR) and fluorescamine assay, respectively. Folate-PEG-Baculovirus (F-P-Bac) showed enhanced transduction efficiency compared to PEG-Baculovirus (P-Bac) in folate receptor (FR)-positive KB cells. Moreover, this enhanced transduction was not observed in FR-negative HepG2 cells. Presence of free folate in the medium blocked the transduction of F-P-Bac, whereas transduction efficiency of P-Bac in the presence or absence of free folate was not changed significantly. This study thus suggests that F-P-Bac can be used as a receptor-mediated gene delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, South Korea
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Mähönen AJ, Airenne KJ, Purola S, Peltomaa E, Kaikkonen MU, Riekkinen MS, Heikura T, Kinnunen K, Roschier MM, Wirth T, Ylä-Herttuala S. Post-transcriptional regulatory element boosts baculovirus-mediated gene expression in vertebrate cells. J Biotechnol 2007; 131:1-8. [PMID: 17617485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2006] [Revised: 05/09/2007] [Accepted: 05/21/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Baculoviruses can express transgenes in a wide range of vertebrate cells. However, in some cells transgene expression is weak. To enhance transgene expression, we studied the effect of the Woodchuck hepatitis virus post-transcriptional regulatory element (WPRE) on baculovirus (BV)-mediated gene expression of several transgenes. A significant increase in BV-mediated gene expression was detected in several cell lines. A 10-fold increase in transgene expression was observed with the WPRE as determined by the percentage of positive cells and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI). Furthermore, a combination of optimized cell culture medium and WPRE virus led to more than a 60-fold increase in gene expression. In accordance, elevated mRNA and protein levels were detected in WPRE-virus transduced cells. In HepG2 and RaaSMC, WPRE-mediated enhancement was comparable to the previously shown positive effect of sodium butyrate on BV-mediated gene expression. Thus, inclusion of the WPRE into a baculovirus vector provides a simple means to improve BV-mediated gene expression in vertebrate cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anssi J Mähönen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
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Räty JK, Liimatainen T, Huhtala T, Kaikkonen MU, Airenne KJ, Hakumäki JM, Närvänen A, Ylä-Herttuala S. SPECT/CT imaging of baculovirus biodistribution in rat. Gene Ther 2007; 14:930-8. [PMID: 17410181 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive imaging provides essential information regarding the biodistribution of gene therapy vectors and it can also be used for the development of targeted vectors. In this study, we have utilized micro Single-photon emission computed tomography to visualize biodistribution of a (99m)Tc-polylys-ser-DTPA-biotin-labelled avidin-displaying baculovirus, Baavi, after intrafemoral (i.f.), intraperitoneal (i.p.), intramuscular (i.m.) and intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration. The imaging results suggest that the virus can spread via the lymphatic network after different administration routes, also showing accumulation in the nasal area after systemic administration. Extensive expression in the kidneys and spleen was seen after i.p. administration, which was confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Additionally, transduction of kidneys was seen with i.m. and i.f. administrations. We conclude that baculovirus may be beneficial for the treatment of kidney diseases after i.p. administration route.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Räty
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, AI Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
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Feng Q, Liu Y, Qu X, Deng H, Ding M, Lau TLT, Yu ACH, Chen J. Baculovirus surface display of SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike protein and immunogenicity of the displayed protein in mice models. DNA Cell Biol 2007; 25:668-73. [PMID: 17184168 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2006.25.668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The baculovirus surface display technique has provided an ideal tool to display foreign proteins with natural conformation, functions, and immunogenicity. In this work, we explored the application of this technique on SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike (S) protein, and further analyzed the immunogenicity of displayed S protein. The entire ectodomain of S protein was fused between the gp64 signal peptide and the VSV-G membrane anchor and successfully displayed on the baculovirus surface. Subcutaneous injection with purified S-displayed baculoviruses without adjuvant elicited highly effective production of specific and neutralizing antibodies against S protein in mice. These results confirmed a successful surface display of S protein on baculoviruse, and suggested a potential role of S-displayed baculoviruses as a novel live virus-based vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of Ministry of Education, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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