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Zhang J, Cao Y, Mo H, Feng R. The association between different types of physical activity and smoking behavior. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:927. [PMID: 38082223 PMCID: PMC10712079 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05416-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking is harmful, which has become a major public health burden. Physical activity may be related to smoking. Physical activity is one of the current methods for smoking control and smoking cessation. Different types of physical activity may have different effect on smoking behavior. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to identify the direction and extent of the impact of different types of physical activity above moderate intensity (including work physical activity, recreational physical activity, commuter physical activity and sedentary behavior) on smoking behavior. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, a total of 2,015 individuals (1,233 males and 782 females, mean age 54.02±17.31 years) was selected from the representative population aged 20 and above in the National Health and Nutrition Survey of the United States from 2017 to 2018. Physical activity was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) ; the tobacco use questionnaire (SMQ) was used to determine whether the sample had smoking behavior at this stage. Binary Logistic regression analysis was performed with various physical activities as independent variables and smoking behavior as dependent variables. All data were analyzed through Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) 26.0. RESULTS After adjusted for all confounding variables, physical activity at work was close to significantly associated with smoking behavior (P=0.053), odds ratio (OR) =1.135 (95%Cl: 0.999-1.289). Recreational physical activity was significantly associated with smoking behavior (P < 0.001), OR=0.729 (95%Cl: 0.639-0.832). Commuting physical activity was significantly associated with smoking behavior (P < 0.001), OR=1.214 (95%Cl:1.048-1.405). Sedentary behavior was significantly associated with smoking behavior (P < 0.001), OR=1.363 (95%Cl: 1.154-1.611). CONCLUSIONS Given that different types of physical activity have different associations with smoking behavior. Therefore, when physical activity is used as a tobacco control measurement, it is necessary to pay attention to the type and environment of physical activity. Recreational physical activities should be appropriately increased, sedentary behavior should be reduced, and smoking prohibit environment should be expanded as far as possible to achieve better clinical intervention effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jipeng Zhang
- School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Yiwen Cao
- School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Hongfei Mo
- School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China.
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China.
| | - Rui Feng
- School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China.
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Alvarez-Lourido D, Paniza Prados JL, Álvarez-Sousa A. Ageing, Leisure Time Physical Activity and Health in Europe. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11091247. [PMID: 37174789 PMCID: PMC10178047 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11091247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this article is to analyse leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and health-driven motivations to engage in such activity among elderly people in the European Union. We use as a base the recommendations of the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the theory of the correlation between physical activity according to individual factors (age, gender, socio-economic status) and contextual factors (habitat, community infrastructures, the model of the welfare state of the country of residence). Data are taken from Eurobarometer 88.4. The Generalized Structural Equation Model (GSEM) methodology was used, with the STATA program. The results show that 65.3% of EU citizens over the age of 60 engage in some form of LTPA, that 40.4% do so for health reasons, and that only 32.3% engage in LTPA that meets the minimum guidelines set by the WHO. In addition, there are large differences based on individual and contextual characteristics. The following group was found to be those who practice the most: men, with high socio-economic status, belonging to the middle and upper social classes, living in rural areas where there is infrastructure for physical activity, and above all, in the countries of the Nordic model of social welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Alvarez-Lourido
- Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - José Luis Paniza Prados
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Political Science and Sociology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Álvarez-Sousa
- Department of Sociology and Communications Sciences, Group of Territorial Studies (GET), Sociology Faculty, University of Coruna, 15071 Coruna, Spain
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Singh M, Cheng W, Gopalakrishnan R, Li Y, Cao M. Exploration of the Contributing Factors to the Walking and Biking Travel Frequency using Multi-Level Joint Models with Endogeneity. JOURNAL OF TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING (ENGLISH EDITION) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtte.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Evans JT, Phan H, Buscot MJ, Gall S, Cleland V. Correlates and determinants of transport-related physical activity among adults: an interdisciplinary systematic review. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1519. [PMID: 35945518 PMCID: PMC9363261 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13937-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transport-related physical activity (TRPA) has been identified as a way to increase physical activity due to its discretionary and habitual nature. Factors thought to influence TRPA span multiple disciplines and are rarely systematically considered in unison. This systematic review aimed to identify cross-sectional and longitudinal factors associated with adult TRPA across multiple research disciplines. METHODS Using four electronic databases, a systematic search of English, peer-reviewed literature from 2010 - 2020 was performed. Studies quantitatively examining factors associated with the outcome of adult TRPA were eligible. RESULTS Seventy-three studies (n = 66 cross-sectional; n = 7 longitudinal) were included, cumulatively reporting data from 1,278,632 observations. Thirty-six factors were examined for potential association with TRPA and presented in a social-ecological framework: individual (n = 15), social (n = 3), and environmental (n = 18). Seven factors were found to be consistently associated with higher adult TRPA: lower socio-economic status, higher self-efficacy, higher social normalization, lower distance of travel, higher destination concentration, more streetlighting, and higher public transportation frequency with a greater number of terminals near route start and endpoints. CONCLUSIONS This is the first comprehensive compilation of the correlates and determinants of adult TRPA. Seven individual, social, and environmental factors demonstrated consistent associations with TRPA. Models formed using these factors may facilitate more effective promotion of TRPA. There is a lack of longitudinal studies as well as studies assessing cognitive/attitudinal and social factors, highlighting gaps for further research. Those developing policies and strategies targeting TRPA need to consider a range of factors at the individual, social, and environmental level to maximise the likelihood of effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack T Evans
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St., 7000, Hobart, Australia
| | - Hoang Phan
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St., 7000, Hobart, Australia
| | - Marie-Jeanne Buscot
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St., 7000, Hobart, Australia
| | - Seana Gall
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St., 7000, Hobart, Australia
- Adjunct Associate Professor, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Verity Cleland
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St., 7000, Hobart, Australia.
- Honorary Fellow, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
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Yang L, Hu L, Hipp JA, Imm KR, Schutte R, Stubbs B, Colditz GA, Smith L. Cross-sectional associations of active transport, employment status and objectively measured physical activity: analyses from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Epidemiol Community Health 2018; 72:764-769. [PMID: 29730607 PMCID: PMC6086741 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2017-210265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background To investigate associations between active transport, employment status and objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in a representative sample of US adults. Methods Cross-sectional analyses of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 5180 adults (50.2 years old, 49.0% men) were classified by levels of active transportation and employment status. Outcome measure was weekly time spent in MVPA as recorded by the Actigraph accelerometer. Associations between active transport, employment status and objectively measured MVPA were examined using multivariable linear regression models adjusted for age, BMI, race and ethnicity, education level, marital status, smoking status, working hour duration (among the employed only), and self-reported leisure time physical activity. Results Patterns of active transport were similar between the employed (n=2,897) and unemployed (n=2,283), such that 76.0% employed and 77.5% unemployed engaged in no active transport. For employed adults, those engaging in high levels of active transport (≥90 min/week) had higher amount of MVPA than those who did not engage in active transport. This translated to 40.8 (95% CI: 15.7, 65.9) additional minutes MVPA per week in men and 57.9 (95% CI: 32.1, 83.7) additional minutes MVPA per week in women. Among the unemployed adults, higher levels of active transport were associated with more MVPA among men (44.8 min/week MVPA, 95% CI: 9.2, 80.5), only. Conclusions Findings from the present study support interventions to promote active transport to increase population level physical activity. Additional strategies are likely required to promote physical activity among unemployed women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Liang Hu
- Department of Sport Science, Zhejiang University College of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - J Aaron Hipp
- Center for Geospatial Analytics, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kellie R Imm
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rudolph Schutte
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, Faculty of Medical Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK
| | - Graham A Colditz
- Division of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lee Smith
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Sports and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
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Are Differences in Physical Activity across Socioeconomic Groups Associated with Choice of Physical Activity Variables to Report? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15050922. [PMID: 29734745 PMCID: PMC5981961 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15050922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite being challenged in recent years, the hypothesis that individuals of higher socioeconomic status (SES) are more physically active than their lower SES counterparts is generally considered a fact. Recent reviews, however, have suggested that differences across groups might be related to which physical activity (PA) domains have been investigated. In the present review, searches for relevant studies were performed in the MEDLINE, ISI Web of Knowledge and SPORTDiscus databases. Search terms included “socioeconomic”, “socio-economic”, “socio economic” and “social class” to meet all variations of the variable “socioeconomic status” in combination with the term “physical activity”. Studies were included when applying the dimensions of intensity, frequency, type/mode, and duration in measuring PA. Fifty-six studies were included and were subsequently split into four PA domains: transport PA (TPA), occupational PA (OPA), housing PA (HPA) and leisure time PA (LTPA). It turned out that the positive relationship held only for LTPA, whereas the relationship was non-existent or even opposite for all other domains. It is concluded that the assumed positive relationship between SES and PA is mainly a relationship between LTPA and SES. It is further suggested that the PA domain should always be considered when studying said relationships.
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The Importance of Physical Activity in the Process of Successful Ageing - An Overview. CENTRAL EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.18276/cej.2018.1-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Objectively measured active travel and uses of activity-friendly neighborhood resources: Does change in use relate to change in physical activity and BMI? Prev Med Rep 2017; 8:60-66. [PMID: 30210998 PMCID: PMC6130430 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies examine how objectively measured use of local physical activity resources contributes to objectively-measured healthy physical activity and weight changes over time. We utilized objective measures to test whether changes in active travel and uses of three physical activity (PA) resources–parks, recreation centers, and transit– related to changes in PA and BMI. Adults (n = 536) in Salt Lake City, UT, wore accelerometer and GPS units in 2012 and 2013, before and after neighborhood rail completion. Regression outcomes included accelerometer counts per minute (cpm), MVPA (moderate-to-vigorous activity minutes/10 h accelerometer wear) and measured BMI; key predictors were changes in active travel and PA resource uses (former and new uses). Significant results (all p < 0.05) showed that increased active travel related to increased total PA (59.86 cpm and 8.50 MVPA); decreased active travel related to decreased MVPA (− 3.01 MVPA). Poorer outcomes were seen after discontinuing use of parks (− 36.29 cpm, − 5.73 MVPA, and + 0.44 BMI points), recreation centers (− 6.18 MVPA), and transit (− 48.14 cpm, − 5.43 MVPA, and + 0.66 BMI). Healthier outcomes were seen after commencing use of parks (29.83 cpm, 5.25 MVPA), recreation centers (44.63 cpm) and transit (38.44 cpm, 4.17 MVPA, and − 0.56 BMI). Transit and park/recreational center uses were unrelated, although park users were more likely to be recreation center users. Active travel and use of three neighborhood PA resources relate to healthy activity and could be fostered by policy and design. GPS & accelerometer measures show active travel changes relate to PA changes. Increasing park, recreation center, or transit uses relates to more PA. Decreasing park, recreation center, or transit uses relates to less PA. Changing transit use does not change park or recreation use, and vice versa. Policy should enhance active transportation and tie it to recreation options.
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Adams EJ, Esliger DW, Taylor IM, Sherar LB. Individual, employment and psychosocial factors influencing walking to work: Implications for intervention design. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171374. [PMID: 28182714 PMCID: PMC5300108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Promoting walking for the journey to and from work (commuter walking) is a potential strategy for increasing physical activity. Understanding the factors influencing commuter walking is important for identifying target groups and designing effective interventions. This study aimed to examine individual, employment-related and psychosocial factors associated with commuter walking and to discuss the implications for targeting and future design of interventions. METHODS 1,544 employees completed a baseline survey as part of the 'Walking Works' intervention project (33.4% male; 36.3% aged <30 years). Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the associations of individual (age, ethnic group, educational qualifications, number of children <16 and car ownership), employment-related (distance lived from work, free car parking at work, working hours, working pattern and occupation) and psychosocial factors (perceived behavioural control, intention, social norms and social support from work colleagues) with commuter walking. RESULTS Almost half of respondents (n = 587, 49%) were classified as commuter walkers. Those who were aged <30 years, did not have a car, had no free car parking at work, were confident of including some walking or intended to walk to or from work on a regular basis, and had support from colleagues for walking were more likely to be commuter walkers. Those who perceived they lived too far away from work to walk, thought walking was less convenient than using a car for commuting, did not have time to walk, needed a car for work or had always travelled the same way were less likely to be commuter walkers. CONCLUSIONS A number of individual, employment-related and psychosocial factors were associated with commuter walking. Target groups for interventions to promote walking to and from work may include those in older age groups and those who own or have access to a car. Multi-level interventions targeting individual level behaviour change, social support within the workplace and organisational level travel policies may be required in order to promote commuter walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J. Adams
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Dale W. Esliger
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M. Taylor
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren B. Sherar
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
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da Silva JA, da Silva KS, Del Duca GF, Dos Santos PC, Wolker S, de Oliveira ESA, de Barros MVG, Nahas MV. Moderating effect of gross family income on the association between demographic indicators and active commuting to work in Brazilian adults. Prev Med 2016; 87:51-56. [PMID: 26876633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the moderating effect of gross family income on the association between demographic indicators and active commuting to work in Brazilian adults. METHODS Secondary analysis of the survey "Lifestyle and leisure habits of industry workers" (n=46,981), conducted in 24 Brazilian states (2006-2008). Self-reported information was collected with a previously tested questionnaire. Crude and adjusted logistic regression models were applied to analyze the association between sociodemographic variables (sex, age, marital status, number of children, education, country area and company size) and active commuting to work in different strata of gross family income. To test the moderating effect, an interaction analysis was applied. RESULTS The proportion of active commuters among low-, medium- and high-income workers was 40.7% (95%CI:40.0%;41.5%), 27.0% (95%CI:26.3;27.6%) and 11.1%, (95%CI:10.5%;11.7%), respectively. The moderating effect of gross family income was confirmed. Men were more likely (OR:1.22 95%CI:1.12;1.32) to commute actively than women among low-income individuals. Active commuting was less likely among older workers in low-(OR30-39:0.90 95%CI: 0.83;0.98; OR≥40: 0.76 95%CI: 0.68;0.85) and medium-income strata (OR30-39:0.87 95%CI:0.80;0.95; OR≥40:0.84 95%CI:0.76;0.93) and among married individuals in high-income strata (OR:0.72 95%IC:0.61;0.84). Adults with lower education (ORhigh:10.80 95%CI:8.47;13.77), working in the south (ORhigh:1.93 95%CI:1.53;2.44) and in small companies (ORlow:2.50 95%CI:2.28;2.74) were more likely to commute actively; however, the magnitude of these associations differed at each income strata. CONCLUSION There was an inverse association between gross family income and active commuting. Gross family income acts as a moderator of the association between demographic indicators and active commuting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Aragoni da Silva
- Federal University of Santa Catarina Sports Center, Research Centre in Physical Activity and Health, Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Centro de Desportos, Florianopolis, SC, CEP: 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Kelly Samara da Silva
- Federal University of Santa Catarina Sports Center, Research Centre in Physical Activity and Health, Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Centro de Desportos, Florianopolis, SC, CEP: 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Giovani Firpo Del Duca
- Federal University of Santa Catarina Sports Center, Research Centre in Physical Activity and Health, Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Centro de Desportos, Florianopolis, SC, CEP: 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Cristina Dos Santos
- Federal University of Santa Catarina Sports Center, Research Centre in Physical Activity and Health, Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Centro de Desportos, Florianopolis, SC, CEP: 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Sofia Wolker
- Federal University of Santa Catarina Sports Center, Research Centre in Physical Activity and Health, Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Centro de Desportos, Florianopolis, SC, CEP: 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Elusa Santina Antunes de Oliveira
- University of Pernambuco, Research Group in lifestyle and health, Rua Arnóbio Marques, 310, Santo Amaro, Recife, PE, CEP: 50100-130, Brazil.
| | - Mauro Virgílio Gomes de Barros
- University of Pernambuco, Research Group in lifestyle and health, Rua Arnóbio Marques, 310, Santo Amaro, Recife, PE, CEP: 50100-130, Brazil.
| | - Markus Vinicius Nahas
- Federal University of Santa Catarina Sports Center, Research Centre in Physical Activity and Health, Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Centro de Desportos, Florianopolis, SC, CEP: 88040-900, Brazil.
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Del Duca G, Nahas M, Garcia L, Silva S, Hallal P, Peres M. Active commuting reduces sociodemographic differences in adherence to recommendations derived from leisure-time physical activity among Brazilian adults. Public Health 2016; 134:12-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Rachele JN, Kavanagh AM, Badland H, Giles-Corti B, Washington S, Turrell G. Associations between individual socioeconomic position, neighbourhood disadvantage and transport mode: baseline results from the HABITAT multilevel study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2015; 69:1217-23. [PMID: 26243197 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2015-205620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding how different socioeconomic indicators are associated with transport modes provide insight into which interventions might contribute to reducing socioeconomic inequalities in health. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between neighbourhood-level socioeconomic disadvantage, individual-level socioeconomic position (SEP), and usual transport mode. METHODS This investigation included 11,036 residents from 200 neighbourhoods in Brisbane, Australia. Respondents self-reported their usual transport mode (car or motorbike, public transport, walking or cycling). Indicators for individual-level SEP were education, occupation and household income; and neighbourhood disadvantage was measured using a census-derived index. Data were analysed using multilevel multinomial logistic regression. High SEP respondents and residents of the most advantaged neighbourhoods who used a private motor vehicle as their usual form of transport was the reference category. RESULTS Compared with driving a motor vehicle, the odds of using public transport were higher for white collar employees (OR 1.68, 95% CrI 1.41-2.01), members of lower income households (OR 1.71 95% CrI 1.25-2.30) and residents of more disadvantaged neighbourhoods (OR 1.93, 95% CrI 1.46-2.54); and lower for respondents with a certificate-level education (OR 0.60, 95% CrI 0.49-0.74) and blue collar workers (OR 0.63, 95% CrI 0.50-0.81). The odds of walking for transport were higher for the least educated (OR 1.58, 95% CrI 1.18-2.11), those not in the labour force (OR 1.94, 95% CrI 1.38-2.72), members of lower income households (OR 2.10, 95% CrI 1.23-3.64) and residents of more disadvantaged neighbourhoods (OR 2.73, 95% CrI 1.46-5.24). The odds of cycling were lower among less educated groups (OR 0.31, 95% CrI 0.19-0.48). CONCLUSIONS The relationships between socioeconomic characteristics and transport modes are complex, and provide challenges for those attempting to encourage active forms of transportation. Further work is required exploring the individual-level and neighbourhood-level mechanisms behind choice of transport mode, and what factors might influence individuals from different socioeconomic backgrounds to change to more active transport modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome N Rachele
- School of Public Health and Social Work and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anne M Kavanagh
- Gender and Women's Health Unit, Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hannah Badland
- McCaughey VicHealth Community Wellbeing Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Billie Giles-Corti
- McCaughey VicHealth Community Wellbeing Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon Washington
- Civil Engineering and Built Environment School, Science and Engineering Faculty, Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety, Health Faculty and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gavin Turrell
- School of Public Health and Social Work and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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A Scoping Review of Observational Studies Examining Relationships between Environmental Behaviors and Health Behaviors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:4833-58. [PMID: 25950651 PMCID: PMC4454941 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120504833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Individual lifestyles are key drivers of both environmental change and chronic disease. We undertook a scoping review of peer-reviewed studies which examined associations between environmental and health behaviors of individuals in high-income countries. We searched EconLit, Medline, BIOSIS and the Social Science Citation Index. A total of 136 studies were included. The majority were USA-based cross-sectional studies using self-reported measures. Most of the evidence related to travel behavior, particularly active travel (walking and cycling) and physical activity (92 studies) or sedentary behaviors (19 studies). Associations of public transport use with physical activity were examined in 18 studies, and with sedentary behavior in one study. Four studies examined associations between car use and physical activity. A small number included other environmental behaviors (food-related behaviors (n = 14), including organic food, locally-sourced food and plate waste) and other health behaviors ((n = 20) smoking, dietary intake, alcohol). These results suggest that research on individual environmental and health behaviors consists largely of studies examining associations between travel mode and levels of physical activity. There appears to be less research on associations between other behaviors with environmental and health impacts, and very few longitudinal studies in any domain.
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Thern E, Sjögren Forss K, Jogréus CE, Stjernberg L. Factors associated with active commuting among parents-to-be in Karlskrona, Sweden. Scand J Public Health 2014; 43:59-65. [DOI: 10.1177/1403494814559119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of the present study is to examine the prevalence of active commuting and factors associated with participation in active commuting in the municipality of Karlskrona, Sweden. Active commuting is defined here as walking or cycling to and from school/work for at least 15 minutes one-way. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out, which included baseline data from parents-to-be. Pregnant females and their partners were invited to participate in the study when they contacted either of the municipality’s two antenatal clinics. Data collection ran from March 2008 to February 2009. When completing the questionnaire, the participants were asked to reflect on their situation one month before the female became pregnant. The final sample consisted of 432 participants (response rate 51.9% for females and 85.0% for males). Results: The main mode of commuting was motor vehicle (63.0%), with active commuters forming a minority (8.3%). The main facilitating factor for active commuting was living in an urban as opposed to a rural area. Regular participation in outdoor recreational physical activity was significantly positively associated with active commuting. Being Swedish and being surrounded by a green space environment were significantly negatively associated with active commuting. Conclusions: This study found that the number of people who are active commuters is modest and other modes of transportation are preferred. Several facilitating and impeding factors associated with active commuting were also found, indicating the importance of applying a broad health-promoting approach to encouraging active commuting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emelie Thern
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Sweden
| | | | - Claes E. Jogréus
- Department of Mathematics and Science, Blekinge Institute of Technology, Sweden
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Physical activity during work, transport and leisure in Germany--prevalence and socio-demographic correlates. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112333. [PMID: 25390071 PMCID: PMC4229198 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed 1) to provide data estimates concerning overall moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) as well as MVPA during work, transport and leisure in Germany and 2) to investigate MVPA and possible associations with socio-demographic correlates. METHODS A cross-sectional telephone survey interviewed 2248 representative participants in the age of 18-65 years (1077 men; 42.4 ± 13.4 years; body mass index: 25.3 ± 4.5 kg • m(-2)) regarding their self-reported physical activity across Germany. The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire was applied to investigate MVPA during work, transport and leisure and questions were answered concerning their demographics. MVPA was stratified by gender, age, body mass index, residential setting, educational and income level. To identify socio-demographic correlates of overall MVPA as well as in the domains, we used a series of linear regressions. RESULTS 52.8% of the sample achieved physical activity recommendations (53.7% men/52.1% women). Overall MVPA was highest in the age group 18-29 years (p < .05), in participants with 10 years of education (p < .05) and in participants with lowest income levels < 1.500 € (p < .05). Regression analyses revealed that age, education and income were negatively associated with overall and work MVPA. Residential setting and education was positively correlated with transport MVPA, whereas income level was negatively associated with transport MVPA. Education was the only correlate for leisure MVPA with a positive association. CONCLUSIONS The present data underlines the importance of a comprehensive view on physical activity engagement according to the different physical activity domains and discloses a need for future physical activity interventions that consider socio-demographic variables, residential setting as well as the physical activity domain in Germany.
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Differences in the social patterning of active travel between urban and rural populations: findings from a large UK household survey. Int J Public Health 2014; 59:993-8. [PMID: 24965050 PMCID: PMC4244531 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-014-0578-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To determine the social patterning of active travel of short journeys for urban and rural residents in a large UK representative sample. Methods Associations between frequently walking or cycling short journeys and socio-demographic factors in the UK Household Longitudinal Study were determined using logistic regression. Results Urban residents were 64 % more likely to frequently engage in active travel than rural residents (95 % CI 1.52, 1.77). Being younger, male, without full-time employment and having a lower income independently predicted greater active travel for both urban and rural residents. Degree level education and not having children were independent predictors for urban, but not rural residents. Conclusions Actively travelling short journeys is less common and independently associated with fewer socio-demographic factors in rural than in urban populations.
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Epidemiology of physical activity in adult Polish population in the second decade of the 21st century. Results of the NATPOL 2011 study. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2014; 26:846-55. [PMID: 24464564 DOI: 10.2478/s13382-013-0160-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to assess physical activity (PA) level in a representative sample of Polish adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was performed among 2413 randomly selected individuals (51.5% women) aged 18-79 years, who participated in the Nationwide Study of Occurrence of Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases NATPOL 2011 (March-July 2011). The study procedures consisted of a questionnaire as well as of anthropometric, blood pressure and biochemical measurements. Leisure-time, occupational and commuting PA were assessed by the use of a questionnaire interview. RESULTS About 48.2% of adults do exercise for at least 30 minutes on most days of a week. About 11% of the respondents declare a sedentary lifestyle. About 26.5% of working population report hard physical work, while sedentary work is reported by 47.6% of the employed participants. Active commuting is declared by 27.3% of working/studying population. About 47.2%, 36.6%, and 15.3% spend < 15, 15-30, and > 30 min per day, respectively, on this kind of PA. CONCLUSIONS PA level of more than half of Polish adults is still not satisfactory. Promotion of an active lifestyle should concern mainly leisure-time and commuting PA with paying special attention to substantial differences in various socio-demographic groups.
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Del Duca GF, Nahas MV, de Sousa TF, Mota J, Hallal PC, Peres KG. Clustering of physical inactivity in leisure, work, commuting and household domains among Brazilian adults. Public Health 2013; 127:530-7. [PMID: 23706706 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2013.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the clustering of physical inactivity in leisure, work, commuting and household contexts, and the sociodemographic factors associated with the clustering of inactive behaviour in different domains among Brazilian adults. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional population-based study. METHODS The study was performed in Florianopolis, capital of Santa Catarina, one of the southern states of Brazil, from September 2009 to January 2010. Adults aged 20-59 years were interviewed. Physical inactivity in each domain was defined as non-participation in specific physical activities, using a validated Brazilian questionnaire. Clustering of physical inactivity was identified by the ratio between observed prevalence and expected prevalence of 16 different combinations. Multinomial logistic regression was used in the analysis of sociodemographic factors associated with clustering of physical inactivity. RESULTS Of the 1720 interviewees, the greatest differences between the observed and expected proportions were observed in simultaneous physical inactivity in the leisure and household domains for men, and physical inactivity in the leisure domain alone for women (59% and 88%, respectively); these differences were higher than expected if the behaviours were independent. Physical inactivity in two or more domains was observed more frequently in men and in individuals with a higher per-capita family income. Ageing was associated with physical inactivity in three or four domains. CONCLUSIONS Physical inactivity was observed in different domains according to gender. Men and older individuals with a higher per-capita family income were more likely to exhibit physical inactivity when all domains were considered together.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Del Duca
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil.
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Sahlqvist S, Goodman A, Cooper AR, Ogilvie D. Change in active travel and changes in recreational and total physical activity in adults: longitudinal findings from the iConnect study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2013; 10:28. [PMID: 23445724 PMCID: PMC3598920 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-10-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To better understand the health benefits of promoting active travel, it is important to understand the relationship between a change in active travel and changes in recreational and total physical activity. METHODS These analyses, carried out in April 2012, use longitudinal data from 1628 adult respondents (mean age 54 years; 47% male) in the UK-based iConnect study. Travel and recreational physical activity were measured using detailed seven-day recall instruments. Adjusted linear regression models were fitted with change in active travel defined as 'decreased' (<-15 min/week), 'maintained' (± 15 min/week) or 'increased' (>15 min/week) as the primary exposure variable and changes in (a) recreational and (b) total physical activity (min/week) as the primary outcome variables. RESULTS Active travel increased in 32% (n=529), was maintained in 33% (n=534) and decreased in 35% (n=565) of respondents. Recreational physical activity decreased in all groups but this decrease was not greater in those whose active travel increased. Conversely, changes in active travel were associated with commensurate changes in total physical activity. Compared with those whose active travel remained unchanged, total physical activity decreased by 176.9 min/week in those whose active travel had decreased (adjusted regression coefficient -154.9, 95% CI -195.3 to -114.5) and was 112.2 min/week greater among those whose active travel had increased (adjusted regression coefficient 135.1, 95% CI 94.3 to 175.9). CONCLUSION An increase in active travel was associated with a commensurate increase in total physical activity and not a decrease in recreational physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Sahlqvist
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research (C-PAN) School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit & UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), Institute of Public Health, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anna Goodman
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ashley R Cooper
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School of Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David Ogilvie
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit & UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), Institute of Public Health, Cambridge, UK
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Socioeconomic inequalities in occupational, leisure-time, and transport related physical activity among European adults: a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2012; 9:116. [PMID: 22992350 PMCID: PMC3491027 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-9-116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study systematically reviewed the evidence pertaining to socioeconomic inequalities in different domains of physical activity (PA) by European region. Methods Studies conducted between January 2000 and December 2010 were identified by a systematic search in Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, Psychinfo, Sportdiscus, Sociological Abstracts, and Social Service Abstracts. English-language peer-reviewed studies undertaken in the general population of adults (18–65 years) were classified by domain of PA (total, leisure-time including sport, occupational, active transport), indicator of socioeconomic position (education, income, occupation), and European region. Distributions of reported positive, negative, and null associations were evaluated. Results A total of 131 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most studies were conducted in Scandinavia (n = 47). Leisure-time PA was the most frequently studied PA outcome (n = 112). Considerable differences in the direction of inequalities were seen for the different domains of PA. Most studies reported that those with high socioeconomic position were more physically active during leisure-time compared to those with low socioeconomic position (68% positive associations for total leisure-time PA, 76% for vigorous leisure-time PA). Occupational PA was more prevalent among the lower socioeconomic groups (63% negative associations). Socioeconomic differences in total PA and active transport PA did not show a consistent pattern (40% and 38% positive associations respectively). Some inequalities differed by European region or socioeconomic indicator, however these differences were not very pronounced. Conclusions The direction of socioeconomic inequalities in PA in Europe differed considerably by domain of PA. The contradictory results for total PA may partly be explained by contrasting socioeconomic patterns for leisure-time PA and occupational PA.
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Van Holle V, Deforche B, Van Cauwenberg J, Goubert L, Maes L, Van de Weghe N, De Bourdeaudhuij I. Relationship between the physical environment and different domains of physical activity in European adults: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:807. [PMID: 22992438 PMCID: PMC3507898 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past decade, various reviews described the relationship between the physical environment and different physical activity (PA) domains. Yet, the majority of the current review evidence relies on North American/Australian studies, while only a small proportion of findings refer to European studies. Given some clear environmental differences across continents, this raises questions about the applicability of those results in European settings. This systematic review aimed at summarizing Europe-specific evidence on the relationship between the physical environment and different PA domains in adults. METHODS Seventy eligible papers were identified through systematic searches across six electronic databases. Included papers were observational studies assessing the relationship between several aspects of the physical environment and PA in European adults (18-65y). Summary scores were calculated to express the strength of the relationship between each environmental factor and different PA domains. RESULTS Convincing evidence on positive relationships with several PA domains was found for following environmental factors: walkability, access to shops/services/work and the composite factor environmental quality. Convincing evidence considering urbanization degree showed contradictory results, dependent on the observed PA domain. Transportation PA was more frequently related to the physical environment than recreational PA. Possible evidence for a positive relationship with transportation PA emerged for walking/cycling facilities, while a negative relationship was found for hilliness. Some environmental factors, such as access to recreational facilities, aesthetics, traffic- and crime-related safety were unrelated to different PA domains in Europe. CONCLUSIONS Generally, findings from this review of European studies are in accordance with results from North American/Australian reviews and may contribute to a generalization of the relationship between the physical environment and PA. Nevertheless, the lack of associations found regarding access to recreational facilities, aesthetics and different forms of safety are likely to be Europe-specific findings and need to be considered when appropriate interventions are developed. More research assessing domain-specific relationships with several understudied environmental attributes (e.g., residential density) is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerle Van Holle
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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Wanner M, Götschi T, Martin-Diener E, Kahlmeier S, Martin BW. Active transport, physical activity, and body weight in adults: a systematic review. Am J Prev Med 2012; 42:493-502. [PMID: 22516490 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2012.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Physical activity has various health benefits. Active transport can contribute to total physical activity and thus affect body weight because of increased energy expenditure. This review summarizes published evidence on associations of active transport, general physical activity, and body weight in adults. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A systematic review of the literature was conducted in October 2010 using eight databases. A total of 14,216 references were screened; full texts were retrieved for 95 articles. Forty-six articles (36 unique studies) were included: 20 (17) from Europe; 18 (13) from North America, Australia, and New Zealand; and eight (six) from other countries. Analyses of the retrieved papers were carried out between November 2010 and March 2011. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Of 15 studies assessing active transport and physical activity, five found associations in the expected direction (more active transport associated with more physical activity) for all or most variables studied, nine found some associations, and one reported no associations. Of 30 studies assessing active transport and body weight, 13 reported associations in the expected direction (more active transport associated with lower body weight) for all or most variables studied, 12 found some associations, two presented some associations in the expected and some in the opposite direction, and three reported no associations. CONCLUSIONS There is limited evidence that active transport is associated with more physical activity as well as lower body weight in adults. However, study heterogeneity, predominantly cross-sectional designs, and crude measures for active transport and physical activity impede quantitative conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Wanner
- Physical Activity and Health Unit, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
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Korniloff K, Häkkinen A, Kautiainen H, Koponen H, Peltonen M, Mäntyselkä P, Oksa H, Kampman O, Vanhala M. Leisure-time physical activity and metabolic syndrome plus depressive symptoms in the FIN-D2D survey. Prev Med 2010; 51:466-70. [PMID: 20854837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2010.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Revised: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and simultaneous presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and depressive symptoms (DS) based on a population-based FIN-D2D cross-sectional survey conducted in 2007. METHODS 4500 randomly selected Finnish men and women aged 45-74 years were initially enrolled; 2868 (64%) attended a health examination. Participants with complete information (n=2778) were grouped into three LTPA categories: low, moderate and high. MetS was based on the National Cholesterol Education Program criteria and DS on the Beck Depression Inventory (≥10 points). RESULTS The prevalence of MetS and DS were 53% and 15%, respectively; the prevalence of simultaneous MetS and DS was 10%. The proportion of subjects with MetS, DS and simultaneous presence of MetS and DS increased with decreasing LTPA (p<0.001). On multivariate ordered analysis, LTPA was related to education years, household income, smoking, and the presence of MetS only, DS only and simultaneous MetS and DS. CONCLUSION The prevalence of simultaneous MetS and DS was higher in participants with low LTPA compared with participants with high LTPA. Furthermore, LTPA level was associated with socioeconomic status and other health related outcomes, outlining the importance of LTPA as part of the general health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katariina Korniloff
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, PL 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
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Kwaśniewska M, Kaczmarczyk-Chałas K, Pikala M, Broda G, Kozakiewicz K, Pająk A, Tykarski A, Zdrojewski T, Drygas W. Commuting physical activity and prevalence of metabolic disorders in Poland. Prev Med 2010; 51:482-7. [PMID: 20850470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Revised: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between walking or cycling to work and prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis of 6401 randomly selected individuals (3297 men and 3104 women) aged 20-74 years, who participated in the National Multicentre Health Survey WOBASZ, Poland (2002-2005). Commuting physical activity (PA) was assessed by asking about type and time spent on transportation to/from work using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Weight, height, waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), triglycerides (TG) and high-density cholesterol, (HDL-C) were measured by standard methods. MetS was defined according to the NCEP-ATP III and IDF criteria. RESULTS Active commuting was associated with decreased likelihood of abdominal obesity (WC≥94 cm), lower HDL-C and elevated TG in men and abdominal obesity (WC≥80 cm) in women. In a subgroup of postmenopausal women (n=317) active commuting was favourably associated with abdominal obesity, low HDL-C and elevated FPG. Prevalence of MetS was significantly lower among those who spent above 30 min/day daily on walking/cycling to work than among other gender subgroups. CONCLUSION Increasing of commuting PA level may have an important influence on reducing the prevalence of metabolic disorders.
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