Biosafety of unmodified ultrafine gold particles (AuPs) upon interacting with human blood components before systemic use

In vivo safety evaluation method for nanomaterials for cancer therapy

Nanomaterials are extensively used in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and other diseases because of their distinctive physicochemical properties, including the small size and ease of modification. The approval of numerous nanomaterials for clinical treatment has led to a significant increase in human exposure to these materials. When nanomaterials enter organisms, they interact with DNA, cells, tissues, and organs, potentially causing various adverse effects, such as genotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, immunotoxicity, and damage to tissues and organs. Therefore, it is crucial to elucidate the side effects and toxicity mechanisms of nanomaterials thoroughly before their clinical applications. Although methods for in vitro safety evaluation of nanomaterials are well established, systematic methods for in vivo safety evaluation are still lacking. This review focuses on the in vivo safety evaluation of nanomaterials and explores their potential effects. In addition, the experimental methods for assessing such effects in various disciplines, including toxicology, pharmacology, physiopathology, immunology, and bioinformatics are also discussed.

Anti-inflammatory effects of an autologous gold-based serum therapy in osteoarthritis patients

Osteoarthritis (OA) involves activation and recruitment of immune cells to affected joints, including the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Here, a gold-based autologous serum therapy is investigated for its effect on peripheral blood cell composition and cytokine levels in OA patients. From six OA patients serum and blood samples were collected before and after second therapy treatment for analysis of peripheral blood cell composition as well as cytokine levels compared to control samples. This therapy significantly downregulates CD4⁺ T cells and B cells in OA patients after second treatment compared to healthy controls. Monocytes are significantly upregulated in patients after second treatment Serum IL-9 and TNF-α levels are downregulated in patients after second treatment compared to healthy control serum. The activation status of immune cells was modulated after therapy in patients. Anti-inflammatory effects of the peripheral blood cell composition in OA patients can be seen after therapy treatment. After two treatments IL-9 and TNF-α are significantly downregulated in patient serum. Here, primary data of a new autologous therapy for OA treatment and its modulatory effects on cytokines are presented.