Examen de la función vocal y análisis acústico de 905 docentes de La Rioja

Prevalence of Work-Related Voice Disorders in Voice Professionals: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the prevalence of work-related voice disorders (WRVD) among the voice professionals.

METHODS

The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021250121). The search was performed in the Embase, Lilacs, Medline, SCOPUS, and Web of Sciences databases. There were no limitations to the year of publication and the search included observational studies which reported data on the prevalence of dysphonia in voice professionals measured through vocal complaints, vocal self-assessment, the auditory-perceptual judgment of the voice, and laryngoscopy examinations. The critical appraisal instrument for studies reporting prevalence data was used to analyze the risk of bias of the studies. Data analysis was performed using Jamovi and R software with a significance level of 5%.

RESULTS

The initial search identified 561 articles, 73 of which were finally included and analyzed. The total number of participants was 63,126. Dysphonia was diagnosed in 45,996 participants based on a vocal complaint, 12,843 using vocal self-assessment, 1,254 using the auditory-perceptual judgment, and 1,683 using laryngoscopies. The prevalence of total dysphonia was 44.0 (95% CI 38.47; 49.69). The prevalence of vocal complaints was 43.9% (95% CI 37.37; 50.52), 42.5% (95% CI 28.57; 57.08) for self-assessment, 53.0% (95% CI 29.87; 77.19) for auditory-perceptual judgment, and 36.9% (95% CI 18.62; 57.08) for laryngoscopic examination. In the auditory-perceptual judgment, voice professionals in class 3 (moderate quality, high demand) had a higher prevalence of dysphonia than those in class 4 (moderate quality, moderate demand) (P = 0.04). In the auditory-perceptual judgment (P = 0.04), there was a higher prevalence of dysphonia in teachers than among other voice professionals non-teachers, and in the laryngeal evaluation, no differences were found between professionals (P = 0.8).

CONCLUSION

There was a high prevalence of dysphonia in voice professionals, especially in the detection by auditory-perceptual judgment. High vocal demand and being a teacher influenced the increase in the prevalence of WRVD.

Prevalencia de los trastornos de la voz en los docentes universidad del magdalena, Colombia 2017-2018

Se realizo un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal para determinar la prevalencia de los trastornos de la voz y los factores de riesgo asociados en los docentes de la Universidad del Magdalena (Colombia) periodo 2017-2018. Se incluyeron 263 docentes, se recolecto datos de sexo, edad, estrato, programa académico, años de trabajo, horas de clase, alumnos por salón, uso de amplificación, toma de licor, tabaquismo, diagnostico de reflujo gastroesofágico y se les aplico el índice de incapacidad vocal 10 (VHI10). Los docentes con puntaje mayor o igual a 11 fueron valorados en consulta bajo Nasofibrolaringoscopia. Se observó que el 20% de los docentes presentó incapacidad vocal con un puntaje en VHI 10 mayor o igual a 11. En los análisis hubo asociación estadísticamente significativa entre incapacidad vocal y el diagnóstico médico de reflujo. Se evaluaron 28 profesores con Nasofibrolaringoscopia, se determino que cerca del 54% (15/28) presentaron actividad supraglótica y fonación con bandas. Los docentes son un grupo de personas con alteraciones de la voz mayor que la población general y requieren un entrenamiento especial y especifico en su conservación. Independiente de las condiciones particulares de la actividad de enseñanza, la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico mostro estar asociada a incapacidad vocal.