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Orr S, Hatamnejad A, Sodhi S, Golding J, Pattathil N, Choudhry N. Novel features of degenerative retinoschisis identified using ultra-widefield multicolor channels: A review of 139 eyes. Acta Ophthalmol 2024. [PMID: 38533620 DOI: 10.1111/aos.16683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE To utilize ultra-widefield multimodal imaging (Optos PLC) to describe novel findings in degenerative retinoschisis. METHODS This retrospective, non-comparative case series of degenerative retinoschisis received a waiver of consent from Advarra IRB, Protocol 00066379. Initial ultra-widefield pseudocolour, colour-separated, autofluorescence, and peripheral OCT imaging were analysed for characterizing features. RESULTS In total, 139 eyes were included. A hyporeflective reticular pattern associated with retinoschisis was seen on pseudocolour images in 39% of cases, but visible in 53% on green-separated images. Fine hyper-reflective foci were observed in 49%. In 27%, retinoschisis was confirmed with OCT. CONCLUSIONS Ultra-widefield pseudocolour and green-separated images are valuable for the diagnosis and characterization of degenerative retinoschisis. The findings described may prompt the evaluation of subtle retinoschisis with peripheral OCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Orr
- Vitreous Retina Macula Specialists of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Octane Imaging Lab, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amin Hatamnejad
- Octane Imaging Lab, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simrat Sodhi
- Octane Imaging Lab, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John Golding
- Vitreous Retina Macula Specialists of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Octane Imaging Lab, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Niveditha Pattathil
- Vitreous Retina Macula Specialists of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Octane Imaging Lab, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Netan Choudhry
- Vitreous Retina Macula Specialists of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Octane Imaging Lab, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Ness S, Subramanian ML, Chen X, Siegel NH. Diagnosis and Management of Degenerative Retinoschisis and Related Complications. Surv Ophthalmol 2021; 67:892-907. [PMID: 34896193 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Degenerative retinoschisis is a common condition characterized by elevation of the inner layers of the peripheral retina. While uncomplicated retinoschisis (i.e. with no associated retinal layer breaks) is almost invariably a benign process, retinal detachment associated with isolated outer layer breaks (termed schisis-detachment) is fairly common. Historically, schisis-detachment has been treated with a variety of interventions ranging from retinopexy to intraocular surgery. Based on published descriptions of the natural history of the disease, these interventions are likely unnecessary in many cases and may place the patient's vision at unnecessary risk. Progressive symptomatic schisis-related retinal detachment, on the other hand, is a vision threatening condition that requires intervention. While clinical examination remains the mainstay of diagnosis, recent advances in multimodal imaging can provide supplemental information in subtle cases and may prove valuable for long-term disease monitoring. When evaluating patients with peripheral retinal elevation, it is important for ophthalmologists to make an accurate diagnosis and understand the risk-benefit ratio associated with intervention. Thus, we summarize the current literature on the natural history, clinical and imaging diagnosis, and surgical management of degenerative retinoschisis and its related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Ness
- Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Manju L Subramanian
- Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xuejing Chen
- Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicole H Siegel
- Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Senthil S, Nakka M, Sachdeva V, Goyal S, Sahoo N, Choudhari N. Glaucoma Mimickers: A major review of causes, diagnostic evaluation, and recommendations. Semin Ophthalmol 2021; 36:692-712. [PMID: 33689583 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2021.1897855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Glaucoma is characterized by chronic progressive optic neuropathy with corresponding visual field changes, with or without raised intraocular pressure (IOP). When diagnosing glaucoma or monitoring its progression, the examiner has to rely on the appearance of the optic disc, characteristic retinal nerve fiber layer defects, and corresponding visual field defects. However, similar changes and symptoms may be observed in several other disorders of the optic nerve and retina that may mimic glaucoma, often leading to misdiagnosis. Methods and result: The consequences of misdiagnosis not only result in improper treatment that may impact vision but also would negatively affect the overall health, psychological well-being of the patient, and may have considerable economic implications.Conclusion: The current review describes various conditions that mimic glaucoma and the features that help differentiate these conditions from glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirisha Senthil
- VST Glaucoma Center, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Mamata Nakka
- VST Glaucoma Center, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Virender Sachdeva
- Nimmagada Prasad Children's Eye Care Centre, GMRV Campus, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Shaveta Goyal
- VST Glaucoma Center, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Nibedita Sahoo
- MTC Campus, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, India
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Cao JL, Conti TF, Hom GL, Babiuch AS, Greenlee T, Ehlers JP, Rachitskaya A, Sharma S, Yuan A, Kaiser PK, Singh RP. Comparative Assessment of Widefield Fundus Autofluorescence Patterns in Retinoschisis and Retinal Detachment. JOURNAL OF VITREORETINAL DISEASES 2020; 4:286-292. [PMID: 37009186 PMCID: PMC9976111 DOI: 10.1177/2474126420907020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: This article characterizes widefield fundus autofluorescence (WF-FAF) patterns in retinoschisis (RS), retinal detachment (RD), and combined retinoschisis-detachment (RS/RD), and to correlate them with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) findings. Methods: A retrospective case series of 13 eyes with senile RS, RD, or RS/RD is presented. One eye underwent imaging of 2 areas within the retina, resulting in 14 data points. Independent, masked graders classified pathology on SD-OCT as RS, RD, or RS/RD and graded WF-FAF images for either hypoautofluorescent areas or mixed autofluorescence (AF) (hyper-AF, iso-AF, hyper-AF with hypo-AF, hyper-AF with iso-AF, or hypo-AF with iso-AF). Results: There was no statistically significant correlation between the autofluorescence pattern and the type of retinal abnormality ( P = .74). Conclusions: High variability was found in the characterization of WF-FAF in patients with RS and RD. SD-OCT remains the criterion-standard imaging modality in distinguishing RS from RD in clinically ambiguous cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Cao
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Thais F. Conti
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Center for Ophthalmic Bioinformatics, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Grant L. Hom
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Center for Ophthalmic Bioinformatics, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Amy S. Babiuch
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Center for Ophthalmic Bioinformatics, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Tyler Greenlee
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Center for Ophthalmic Bioinformatics, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Justis P. Ehlers
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Sumit Sharma
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Center for Ophthalmic Bioinformatics, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alex Yuan
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Peter K. Kaiser
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rishi P. Singh
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Center for Ophthalmic Bioinformatics, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Leshno A, Barak A, Barzelay A, Zloto O, Neudorfer M. Diagnosis of Peripheral Retinoschisis Using Ultrasound Biomicroscopy. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2020; 50:e196-e202. [PMID: 31415704 DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20190806-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Retinal imaging can help differentiate retinoschisis (RS) from retinal detachment (RD). This study describes new sonographic features of RS using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and evaluates their diagnostic value. PATIENTS AND METHODS Medical records of subjects diagnosed with RS and RD who underwent imaging prior to intervention were reviewed. Images were evaluated for detachment shape ultrasound (US) B-mode, as well as presence of intraretinal pillars, retinal layers split, and intraretinal cysts on UBM. RESULTS Of 48 eyes from 48 patients in the study, 25 were diagnosed as RS and 23 as RD. "Retinal layers split" was the most common UBM finding in the RS group (72%), followed by intraretinal pillars (64%) and intraretinal cysts (36%). No RD case exhibited these findings (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS UBM might assist in difficult cases to differentiate between RS and RD by detection of the unique sonographic features of RS described herein. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2019;50:e196-e202.].
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Rachitskaya AV, Yuan A, Singh RP, Sears JE, Schachat AP. Optical coherence tomography of outer retinal holes in senile retinoschisis and schisis-detachment. Br J Ophthalmol 2016; 101:445-448. [DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2016-308551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Characterization of retinal structure and diagnosis of peripheral acquired retinoschisis using high-resolution ultrasound B-scan. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2015; 254:69-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s00417-015-3013-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Stehouwer M, Tan SH, van Leeuwen TG, Verbraak FD. Senile retinoschisis versus retinal detachment, the additional value of peripheral retinal OCT scans (SL SCAN-1, Topcon). Acta Ophthalmol 2014; 92:221-7. [PMID: 23773202 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A peripheral senile retinoschisis is sometimes difficult to distinguish from a retinal detachment by biomicroscopy alone. This study evaluated spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT) scans of the far peripheral retina to improve the differentiation between these diseases. METHODS Patients were included in whom the distinction between retinal detachment and senile retinoschisis was not clear based on biomicroscopy alone, or who had a presumed clinical diagnosis of senile retinoschisis. OCT scans were made with the SLSCAN-1, through a hand-held lens and a 3-mirror contact lens, while the area of interest was simultaneously observed with the slit lamp. The SLSCAN-1 is a SD-OCT integrated into a slit lamp, superluminescent diode light source with a central wavelength of 830 nm, bandwidth 30 nm, scan resolution 8-9 μm in tissue, scan depth 2 mm, scan speed 5000 A-scans per second. RESULTS In the 11 patients with an uncertain diagnosis, OCT scans showed a senile retinoschisis in four and a retinal detachment in seven patients. Fifteen of the 18 patients with a presumed diagnosis of retinoschisis showed a retinoschisis on OCT. In five of them, the OCT scans revealed a schisis detachment. Interestingly, three of the 18 patients had a retinal detachment. CONCLUSION Senile retinoschisis may mimic a peripheral retinal detachment and vice versa. Differentiation is important with respect to therapeutic decisions. OCT scans of the far peripheral retina, which can be made with the SLSCAN-1 through a 3-mirror contact lens, can contribute significantly to this differentiation. The obtained scans of the far peripheral retina clearly visualize the anatomic differences between both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilette Stehouwer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Use of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography to differentiate acquired retinoschisis from retinal detachment in difficult cases. Retina 2012; 32:1574-80. [PMID: 22481477 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0b013e3182411d90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study presents a series of 10 patients who posed a diagnostic challenge regarding the diagnosis of acquired retinoschisis (RS) or retinal detachment (RD), where spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) with the Spectralis HRA and OCT device (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) was able to help make a correct diagnosis. METHODS Ten patients (five with acquired RS and five with RD) were referred to a vitreoretinal clinic at Moorfields Eye Hospital for definitive diagnosis and further management. All patients underwent scans with the Spectralis HRA and OCT device. RESULTS The Spectralis HRA and OCT was able to make a clear diagnosis of RS or RD in all patients. Of the five patients with RS confirmed on OCT, two were referred with RD, and of the five patients with RD, four were referred with RS. New OCT features of RS include the double schisis cavity phenomenon, intraretinal pillars through the schisis cavity, and irregularity of the inner surface of the attached outer leaf. CONCLUSION Spectral-domain OCT is a useful tool in distinguishing RS from RD, eliminating previous diagnostic uncertainty. The Spectralis HRA and OCT device has the added advantages of being able to reliably image anterior retinal pathology and produce high-definition images.
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Negrao S, Gaitan JR, Flynn HW, Smiddy WE. Optical Coherence Tomography Findings in Patients with Degenerative Retinoschisis and Symptomatic Retinal Detachment. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2010; 41:1-5. [PMID: 20337329 DOI: 10.3928/15428877-20100215-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings in 4 patients with degenerative retinoschisis and symptomatic retinal detachment. All patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy, fluid gas exchange, and endolaser treatment. The OCT appearance of retinoschisis and visual outcomes were variable. OCT appears to be useful in understanding the anatomy and extent of the retinoschisis, especially in cases associated with retinal detachment.
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Abstract
PURPOSE To describe a modified laser technique for identification of bullous retinoschisis. DESIGN Retrospective interventional case series collected over 10 years. METHODS Forty-one eyes with presumed bullous retinoschisis and breaks in the inner layers underwent a low-energy argon green laser application at the same energy as a control spot in adjacent retina. A gray response in the outer layers equal to the control spot was diagnostic of retinoschisis. RESULTS The laser test was positive for retinoschisis in 40 of 41 eyes. In none of the 40 eyes did the elevation progress. CONCLUSIONS A low-energy argon green laser application through a break in the inner layers of presumed retinoschisis eliminates the attenuation of the beam and can confirm retinoschisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey Lincoff
- Department of Ophthalmology, The New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, USA.
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Mannino G, Malagola R, Abdolrahimzadeh S, Villani GM, Recupero SM. Ultrasound biomicroscopy of the peripheral retina and the ciliary body in degenerative retinoschisis associated with pars plana cysts. Br J Ophthalmol 2001; 85:976-82. [PMID: 11466258 PMCID: PMC1724061 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.85.8.976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the ciliary body and peripheral retina in degenerative retinoschisis associated with pars plana cysts using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). METHODS 18 eyes of 12 patients with degenerative retinoschisis associated with pars plana cysts were selected through binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy and Goldmann three mirror lens examination, both with scleral depression. These patients were studied in detail with UBM. RESULTS Study of the ciliary body with UBM showed pars plana cysts of different size and uneven shape. In cross sections the morphology of pars plana cysts in detail and the close relation of the cysts with the oral region and the peripheral retina, where areas of cystoid degeneration and retinoschisis were present, were observed. In transverse sections three main morphological aspects of pars plana cysts could be differentiated ("isolated," "confluent," and "clustered" cysts). Furthermore, ultrabiomicroscopy allowed differential diagnosis between retinoschisis and associated retinal detachment in six eyes. CONCLUSIONS The study of peripheral degenerative retinoschisis and pars plana cysts is possible in vivo by means of UBM, showing the detailed morphology of the lesions (not otherwise evident through ophthalmoscopic examination) and the close relation between pars plana cysts, cystoid degeneration, and peripheral retinoschisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Mannino
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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Chapman-Davies A, Kiel J. Degenerative retinoschisis threatening central vision. Clin Exp Optom 2000; 83:65-70. [PMID: 12472456 DOI: 10.1111/j.1444-0938.2000.tb04894.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2000] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A 65-year-old white male patient presented with asymptomatic bilateral degenerative retinoschises. The striking feature of this case was the posterior extent of the retinoschises. In each eye the posterior margin of the retinoschisis lay within 15 degrees of the macula, thereby potentially endangering central vision. The posterior border of a retinoschisis often lies posterior to the equator. However, it seldom reaches the major retinal vascular arcades. It is even rarer for a retinoschisis to approach the macula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Chapman-Davies
- School of Optometry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
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Ip M, Garza-Karren C, Duker JS, Reichel E, Swartz JC, Amirikia A, Puliafito CA. Differentiation of degenerative retinoschisis from retinal detachment using optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmology 1999; 106:600-5. [PMID: 10080221 DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(99)90123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the potential of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to differentiate retinoschisis from retinal detachment. Optical coherence tomography is a noninvasive, noncontact imaging method that produces high-resolution, cross-sectional images of ocular tissue. DESIGN Retrospective case series. PARTICIPANTS Thirteen eyes of 12 patients with the differential diagnosis of retinoschisis versus retinal detachment. METHODS Differentiation between retinoschisis and retinal detachment was established from both ophthalmoscopic and OCT examinations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Ability of OCT to differentiate retinoschisis from retinal detachment was measured. RESULTS Thirteen eyes of 12 patients with retinal elevation were examined with OCT. The cross-sectional view produced by OCT was effective in distinguishing retinoschisis from retinal detachment. Optical coherence tomography images of retinoschisis show a splitting of the neurosensory retina. The OCT images of retinal detachment show separation of full-thickness neurosensory retina from the retinal pigment epithelium band. The OCT images correlated with the clinical impression in all 13 cases. CONCLUSIONS Based on this series of cases, OCT is a potentially useful new test that may be used to distinguish retinoschisis from rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ip
- Retina Service, New England Eye Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA
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