Orbital ganglioglioma arising from ectopic neural tissue

Huge heterotopic brain cyst of the orbit: report of a case and its management

Heterotopic brain tissues are a group of extracerebral neuroglial tissues. Heterotopic brain tissue in the orbit remains a rare clinical entity. This article presents a 7-year-old male child who presented with severe globe displacement, proptosis, and vision loss in the right eye. The orbital imaging showed a huge orbital cystic mass displacing the globe. The cyst was excised entirely from the orbit. The histopathological investigations revealed the presence of a cystic lesion containing brain tissue that was immune reactive for S-100 and glial fibrillary acidic proteins. The diagnosis was confirmed to be heterotopic brain tissue due to the lack of visible bony defect. The relevant literature was also reviewed.

Ectopic orbital brain tissue: a case report with radiographic and clinical review

Orbital heterotopic brain tissue is a rare entity with heterogenous clinical features requiring a multi-faceted diagnostic approach. The authors present a case of ectopic orbital brain tissue in an infant with a comprehensive literature review to highlight the radiographic findings of these lesions. Imaging findings are variable but describe well-circumscribed homogenous lesions with variable enhancement, without communication intracranially. The combination of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging can identify associated bony abnormalities, lesion-specific features, and effects on surrounding structures, which in combination with the clinical exam can be a valuable diagnostic and surveillance tool. Although ectopic orbital brain tumors are benign with excellent outcomes following complete resection, conservative management with observation and serial imaging may be an alternative method of management in patients with mild, non-vision threatening, non-distorting tumors.

Orbital Glial Heterotopia: A Report of 2 Cases and Review of the Literature

PURPOSE

To review the clinical radiographic and histopathologic findings associated with orbital glial heterotopia.

METHODS

A literature search in PubMed and Scopus was performed to include all articles published in English between 1980 and January 1, 2019. A case series including 29 case reports of 29 patients, as well as the authors' 2 cases, were considered in the literature review.

RESULTS

The majority of the cases had onset of symptoms (86%) and age at presentation (71%) before 5 years of age. The most common presenting symptoms and signs were swelling (45%), strabismus (32%), and proptosis (26%). The most common lesion locations described were inferolateral (19%) or primarily posterior orbital or apical (19%). The most common findings associated with orbital glial heterotopia were microphthalmia (10%) and anophthalmia (6%); however, the majority did not have systemic abnormalities (71%). The most common imaging modality was CT scan (71%). Diagnosis was made with histologic analysis in all cases, and confirmed after subtotal resection (35%), total resection (39%), or incisional biopsy (26%). The majority of the cases report no growth on repeat imaging, with only 3 reports of recurrence.

CONCLUSIONS

Glial heterotopia in the orbit is a rare clinical entity most commonly presenting in children. We present 2 cases of orbital glial heterotopia in adults, with a literature on these lesions in both the pediatric and adult populations. Surgeons and pathologists should be aware of this atypical presentation in adulthood. Biopsy is required for diagnosis but is not without risk. Prognosis is generally favorable.Orbital glial heterotopia, commonly considered a rare congenital lesion generally presenting in children, may first become symptomatic in adulthood. Biopsy is required for diagnosis, with symptoms and prognosis dependent on location and growth of the lesion.

Intraorbital ganglioglioma of optic nerve in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1

We report the case of an orbital optic nerve gangliogoma in a 55-year-old woman with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Clinical course neuroimaging findings, pathology, and treatment options of gangliogloma are discussed and contrasted with pilocytic astrocytomas of the optic nerve, a much more frequent visual pathway neoplasm in NF1 patients.

Simultaneous Occurrence of Glial Heterotopia and Meningocele in the Orbit with Clinical Anophthalmia and Neurological Anomalies

The authors describe a 5-year-old boy who had three congenital anomalies (clinical anophthalmos, meningocele, and glial heterotopia) in the orbit. These were associated with multiple neurological anomalies.

Clinical Anophthalmia With Orbital Heterotopic Brain Tissue

The authors describe the uncommon clinical presentation and treatment of a neonate with progressive proptosis, which turned out to be an ectopic cerebral rest in the orbit in the absence of a formed eye. The discussion examines the theories regarding the genesis of the condition, different locations in the body (including the orbit and the eye) in which ectopic cerebral rests have been described in the literature, and the management of the condition.