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Matos LL, Kowalski LP, Chaves ALF, de Oliveira TB, Marta GN, Curado MP, de Castro Junior G, Farias TP, Bardales GS, Cabrera MA, Capuzzo RDC, de Carvalho GB, Cernea CR, Dedivitis RA, Dias FL, Estefan AM, Falco AH, Ferraris GA, Gonzalez-Motta A, Gouveia AG, Jacinto AA, Kulcsar MAV, Leite AK, Lira RB, Mak MP, De Marchi P, de Mello ES, de Matos FCM, Montero PH, de Moraes ED, de Moraes FY, Morais DCR, Poenitz FM, Poitevin A, Riveros HO, Sanabria Á, Ticona-Castro M, Vartanian JG, Viani G, Vines EF, William Junior WN, Conway D, Virani S, Brennan P. Latin American Consensus on the Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer. JCO Glob Oncol 2024; 10:e2300343. [PMID: 38603656 DOI: 10.1200/go.23.00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is well known as a serious health problem worldwide, especially in low-income countries or those with limited resources, such as most countries in Latin America. International guidelines cannot always be applied to a population from a large region with specific conditions. This study established a Latin American guideline for care of patients with head and neck cancer and presented evidence of HNSCC management considering availability and oncologic benefit. A panel composed of 41 head and neck cancer experts systematically worked according to a modified Delphi process on (1) document compilation of evidence-based answers to different questions contextualized by resource availability and oncologic benefit regarding Latin America (region of limited resources and/or without access to all necessary health care system infrastructure), (2) revision of the answers and the classification of levels of evidence and degrees of recommendations of all recommendations, (3) validation of the consensus through two rounds of online surveys, and (4) manuscript composition. The consensus consists of 12 sections: Head and neck cancer staging, Histopathologic evaluation of head and neck cancer, Head and neck surgery-oral cavity, Clinical oncology-oral cavity, Head and neck surgery-oropharynx, Clinical oncology-oropharynx, Head and neck surgery-larynx, Head and neck surgery-larynx/hypopharynx, Clinical oncology-larynx/hypopharynx, Clinical oncology-recurrent and metastatic head and neck cancer, Head and neck surgery-reconstruction and rehabilitation, and Radiation therapy. The present consensus established 48 recommendations on HNSCC patient care considering the availability of resources and focusing on oncologic benefit. These recommendations could also be used to formulate strategies in other regions like Latin America countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Luongo Matos
- Head and Neck Surgery, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo (Icesp HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gilberto de Castro Junior
- Clinical Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo (Icesp HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrés Munyo Estefan
- Profesor Adjunto Catedra de Otorrinolaringologia del Hospital de Clínicas, Montevidéu, Uruguay
| | | | | | | | - Andre Guimarães Gouveia
- Juravinski Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Marco Aurelio Vamondes Kulcsar
- Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo (Icesp HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Kober Leite
- Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo (Icesp HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renan Bezerra Lira
- AC Camargo Cancer Center and Hospital Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milena Perez Mak
- 3Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Pablo H Montero
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Álvaro Sanabria
- 4Department of Surgery, Universidad de Antioquia, Hospital Alma Mater, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Miguel Ticona-Castro
- 5ESMO Member, Peruvian Society of Medical Oncology (S.P.O.M.) Member, La Molina, Peru
| | - José Guilherme Vartanian
- 6Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology Department, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Viani
- 7Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Eugenio F Vines
- Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Shama Virani
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Genomic Epidemiology Branch, Lyon, France
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Genomic Epidemiology Branch, Lyon, France
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Practice of laryngectomy rehabilitation interventions: a perspective from South America. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2013; 21:212-7. [PMID: 23619427 DOI: 10.1097/moo.0b013e328361067b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Treatment of laryngeal cancer will depend on several factors, including tumor factors, patient factors, as well as the technical resource and expertise of the surgical team and treatment center. In developing countries, most patients have their diagnosis performed at advanced stages, with a significant proportion at very advanced locoregionally, which results in a limitation to the use of organ-preserving approaches. A total laryngectomy is still the most frequent treatment for larynx cancer patients. The rehabilitation in such scenarios can be more demanding and can cost more compared with developed countries. RECENT FINDINGS For early-stage tumors, function-preserving strategies are mandatory, and can include partial laryngectomies and radiation therapy. In such cases, functional rehabilitation usually is easily achieved, with lower negative impact on the patient's daily life. For advanced tumor stages, a treatment shift toward a more conservative management has been observed. However, the success rates of organ-preserving strategies, mainly with chemoradiation approaches, will rely on a rigorous patient selection process. SUMMARY The rehabilitation of laryngectomy patients in developing countries can be more demanding and can cost more compared with developed countries. In such scenarios, some strategies can be employed by the multidisciplinary team, mainly by the surgical and speech-pathology teams, aiming to decrease the costs involved in the rehabilitation of total laryngectomy patients in developing countries.
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Dias FL, Lima RA, Kligerman J, Cernea CR. Therapeutic Options in Advanced Laryngeal Cancer: An Overview. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2006; 67:311-8. [PMID: 16340243 DOI: 10.1159/000090040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2004] [Accepted: 07/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Historically, patients with advanced laryngeal cancer have been treated with radical surgery and adjuvant radiation therapy. Intensive surgical research has allowed surgeons to deal with almost any local extension and to propose an appropriate surgical procedure for each case. Several function-sparing surgical options are available to treat moderately advanced/advanced laryngeal cancer. Better understanding of the anatomy and biology of cancer in this anatomical site has enabled us to devise effective oncological strategies associated with a great effort to preserve laryngeal function. Numerous efforts have been made to augment the therapeutic armamentarium with the addition of chemotherapeutic agents combined with radiation therapy. For advanced laryngeal cancer, the debate is still open between partial/subtotal surgical procedures, which are more efficient but sacrifice parts of the larynx, and radiotherapy/chemoradiation protocols which can preserve the larynx and its function even though it requires radical surgery for salvage. Efforts should be made to select patients properly, in an individual basis, based on tumor characteristics, clinical aspects, patient's expectations, and the expertise of the head and neck oncologic team for the various therapeutic strategies in order to get better oncological results in association with the preservation of the laryngeal form and function, when possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando L Dias
- Head and Neck Surgery Service, Instituto Nacional de Cancer/INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Kavabata NK, Silva Neto AL, Gonçalves AJ, Alcadipani FAMC, Menezes MB. A nine-year institutional experience with near-total laryngectomy. Am J Surg 2004; 188:111-4. [PMID: 15249234 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2003.12.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2003] [Revised: 12/07/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pearson's near-total laryngectomy (NTL) is an alternative procedure to total laryngectomy in selected patients with advanced laryngeal cancer. Based on our experience with NTL for >9 years, we present here the functional results, complications, and survival rates. METHODS A retrospective study was carried out from January 1993 to May 2002. We studied 15 patients with advanced laryngeal, oropharyngeal, and hypopharyngeal cancer who underwent NTL. Survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS The most common complication was fistula (8 of 15) followed by minor aspiration (4 of 15 patients). Eleven patients (73.5%) attained a good voice; 3 patients (19.9%) obtained a bad voice; and 1 did not achieved vocal ability. Three patients (19.9%) had local recurrence; no patients had neck recurrence; and 2 patients (13.3%) had distant metastasis. Six patients (40%) died from their disease, and 2 (13.3%) patients died from other causes. The 3-year actuarial survival rate was 81.6%. CONCLUSIONS NTL is useful in the treatment of selected patients with advanced laryngeal, oropharyngeal, and hypopharyngeal cancer and results in good control and survival rates. Satisfactory functional results can be attained in the majority of patients. When the surgical margins are positive or close, TL must be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norberto K Kavabata
- Head and Neck Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Santa Casa de São Paulo-Faculty Medical Sciences, Rua Dr. Cesáreo Mota Junior 112, CEP 01221-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Aslan I, Baserer N, Yazicioglu E, Biliciler N, Hafiz G, Tinaz M, Kiyak E. The functional and oncologic effectiveness of near-total laryngectomy. Am J Otolaryngol 2002; 23:196-202. [PMID: 12105783 DOI: 10.1053/ajot.2002.123460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the oncologic efficiency of near-total laryngectomy for advanced laryngeal and neighboring organ cancers and to evaluate the functional results. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review of 135 cases of near-total laryngectomy carried out in a tertiary university hospital between 1989 and 2000 was undertaken. The original operation was carried out in 3 groups: classic "near-total laryngectomy" for endolaryngeal lesions; "near-total laryngectomy and partial pharyngectomy" for lesions originating from the pyriform sinus or lesions with extension to the pharynx or tongue base but reconstructed primarily; and "near-total laryngopharyngectomy" for lesions requiring pedicled flap reconstruction after resection. Oncologic success was evaluated according to the location and extent of the tumor and the particular operation. Functional outcome was evaluated according to phonation and its quality as well as to the severity of aspiration. RESULTS Of the 135 cases, 121 were men, and 14 were women (age range, 33-80 years; mean, 56.2 years). Mean phonation time was 35.2 days, and mean onset of oral intake was 18.5 days. Of the 135 cases of the series, 124 were evaluated for survival. Thirteen of 26 (50.0%) cases of T2, 34 of 53 (64.2%) cases of T3, and 33 of 45 (73.3%) cases of T4 carcinomas survived by the end of the evaluation period. Likewise, 46 of 77 (59.7%) cases of N0, 16 of 19 (84.2%) cases of N1, and 18 of 27 (66.7%) cases of N2 survived the same period; however, none with N3 metastatic neck disease survived. The probability of survival with regard to the T and N stages of the disease did not reveal a statistically significant result (P =.15 and.49, respectively). CONCLUSIONS According to these results, near-total laryngectomy is a valid alternative for extended laryngeal and neighboring organ cancers with an acceptable morbidity and a high success rate for voice preservation. Near-total laryngectomy should be offered as a surgical treatment alternative for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismet Aslan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Lima RRMA, Freitas EDQ, Kligerman J, Sá GMD, Santos IC, Farias T. Laringectomia supracricóide (chep) para câncer glótico. Rev Col Bras Cir 2001. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-69912001000400004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVOS: Com a intenção de se avaliar os resultados funcionais e terapêuticos da laringectomia supracricóide com crico-hióide-epiglote-pexia (CHEP) foram estudados 50 casos de pacientes com carcinoma epidermóide da glote classificados como T2/T3 submetidos a esta técnica em nossa instituição. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada uma análise retrospectiva entre 1996 e 1999. Classificamos 18 pacientes como T2N0M0 e 32 pacientes como T3N0M0. Quarenta e um pacientes foram submetidos a esvaziamento cervical seletivo lateral bilateralmente, quatro foram submetidos ao mesmo esvaziamento unilateralmente, e cinco não foram esvaziados. Analisamos as complicações e a sobrevida livre de doença pelo método de Kaplan-Meyer. RESULTADOS: Dez pacientes tiveram complicações pós-operatórias, dois foram tratados com complementação da laringectomia. Os 48 pacientes restantes mantiveram a via aérea normal, deglutição e a voz. Três pacientes no grupo submetido a esvaziamento cervical apresentaram linfonodo metastático. Quatro pacientes tiveram recidiva da doença, três com recidiva local, sendo dois tratados com laringectomia total e estão vivos e sem doença, o outro com doença avançada alcançou o óbito pela doença. O paciente que teve recidiva no pescoço foi tratado com esvaziamento cervical mais radioterapia e morreu com doença. Dois pacientes tiveram um segundo tumor primário em orofaringe, sendo um tratado com radioterapia paliativa e morreu com doença e o outro tratado com cirurgia está vivo e sem doença. A sobrevida livre de doença em três anos foi de 88% para pacientes T2 e 72% para pacientes T3. CONCLUSÕES: Esta técnica é útil no tratamento de casos selecionados de carcinoma epidermóide da glote T2/T3 sempre se considerando a extensão da doença. A incidência de complicações necessitando laringectomia total de resgate não compromete a funcionalidade desta técnica. A sobrevivência é comparável aos pacientes submetidos a laringectomia total e laringectomia "near-total".
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Lima RA, Freitas EQ, Kligerman J, Dias FL, Barbosa MM, Sa GM, Santos IC, Farias T. Supracricoid laryngectomy with CHEP: functional results and outcome. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2001; 124:258-60. [PMID: 11240986 DOI: 10.1067/mhn.2001.113138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess whether supracricoid laryngectomy with cricohiodoepiglottopexy could successfully reach the cure and preserve the voice in glottic laryngeal cancer, we studied 27 patients with T2/T3 squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx treated in our institution with cricohiodoepiglottopexy. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective analysis has been carried out between 1995 through 1997. We classified 11 patients as T2N0M0 and 16 patients as T3N0M0. Nineteen patients had bilateral selective lateral neck dissection, 3 patients had unilateral lateral neck dissection, and 5 patients had undissected neck. Survival was analyzed under the Kaplan-Meyer method. RESULTS Five patients had postoperative complications, 2 were treated with a total laryngectomy. The remaining 25 patients kept the normal airway, swallowing, and speech. None of the patients in the neck dissection group had neck metastasis. Two patients had recurrences, 1 with local recurrence was treated with a total laryngectomy and is alive without disease; the other patient had neck recurrence, was treated with radical neck dissection plus radiotherapy, and is dead of the disease. One patient had a second tumor in oropharynx treated with palliative radiotherapy and is dead of the disease. Three years disease-free survival was 75% for T2 and 79% for T3. CONCLUSIONS This technique is useful in the treatment of selected cases of T3/T2 glottic cancer regarding the extent of disease. The incidence of complications in need of a complete laryngectomy does not compromise the functionality of this technique. The survival is comparable to patients who submitted to total laryngectomy and near-total laryngectomy, regarding the extent of the lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Lima
- Head and Neck Service, Hospital do Cancer, National Cancer Institute/INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Barbosa MM, Dias FL, Kligerman J, Faria TPD, Chagas MJ, Leôncio MDP. Radioterapia como tratamento exclusivo no câncer avançado da laringe. Rev Col Bras Cir 2000. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-69912000000400004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Caracteristicamente os estágios avançados (III e IV) do câncer da laringe são tratados inicialmente por cirurgia, seguida de radioterapia complementar. Esta tem sido a combinação terapêutica que tem obtido os melhores resultados, com relação à maior sobrevida e ao maior tempo livre de doença, nestes pacientes. Porém, como freqüentemente a cirurgia a ser adotada nestes casos representa uma mutilação, perda da voz laríngea, nem sempre esta opção de tratamento é aceita pelos pacientes. Por outro lado, pacientes portadores de doença em estágio avançado podem encontrar-se com suas condições clínicas bastante comprometidas, o que impossibilita a realização de uma cirurgia de grande porte. A associação de quimioterapia e radioterapia tem tido pouca utilidade neste tipo de pacientes, pois geralmente apresentam estado clínico geral comprometido e não suportam a alta toxicidade dos esquemas terapêuticos empregados. Nestes casos a indicação de radioterapia exclusiva, como forma de tentar controlar a doença, tem sido a única arma terapêutica que nos resta, e cujos resultados sempre foram uma incógnita no nosso meio. Foram estudados 62 pacientes portadores de carcinoma epidermóide avançado (estágios III e IV) da laringe, tratados por radioterapia exclusiva, no Hospital do Câncer (INCa), durante os anos de 1992 e 1993. Foi realizado tratamento radioterápico com intenção curativa, sendo empregada a dose clássica de 50cGy em cinco semanas. Estes pacientes foram retrospectivamente analisados quanto à sobrevida, ao estágio da doença, à presença de linfonodos cervicais metastáticos, à idade e à necessidade de traqueostomia prévia. Além da constatação da total ineficácia da radioterapia no controle da doença laríngea estágio IV, detectou-se que a sobrevida de três anos igual a 54% para os pacientes do estágio III e a preservação da função da laringe em 2/3 dos pacientes, poderão representar, dependendo de estudos mais abrangentes, uma alternativa terapêutica para pacientes selecionados.
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