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Nakhaei P, Margiana R, Bokov DO, Abdelbasset WK, Jadidi Kouhbanani MA, Varma RS, Marofi F, Jarahian M, Beheshtkhoo N. Liposomes: Structure, Biomedical Applications, and Stability Parameters With Emphasis on Cholesterol. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:705886. [PMID: 34568298 PMCID: PMC8459376 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.705886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposomes are essentially a subtype of nanoparticles comprising a hydrophobic tail and a hydrophilic head constituting a phospholipid membrane. The spherical or multilayered spherical structures of liposomes are highly rich in lipid contents with numerous criteria for their classification, including structural features, structural parameters, and size, synthesis methods, preparation, and drug loading. Despite various liposomal applications, such as drug, vaccine/gene delivery, biosensors fabrication, diagnosis, and food products applications, their use encounters many limitations due to physico-chemical instability as their stability is vigorously affected by the constituting ingredients wherein cholesterol performs a vital role in the stability of the liposomal membrane. It has well established that cholesterol exerts its impact by controlling fluidity, permeability, membrane strength, elasticity and stiffness, transition temperature (Tm), drug retention, phospholipid packing, and plasma stability. Although the undetermined optimum amount of cholesterol for preparing a stable and controlled release vehicle has been the downside, but researchers are still focused on cholesterol as a promising material for the stability of liposomes necessitating explanation for the stability promotion of liposomes. Herein, the prior art pertaining to the liposomal appliances, especially for drug delivery in cancer therapy, and their stability emphasizing the roles of cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooria Nakhaei
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ria Margiana
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
- Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, The National Referral Hospital, Central Jakarta, Indonesia
- Master’s Programme Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Dmitry O. Bokov
- Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology, and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia
| | - Walid Kamal Abdelbasset
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Amin Jadidi Kouhbanani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Czechia
| | - Rajender S. Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Faroogh Marofi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Jarahian
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit (G401), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nasrin Beheshtkhoo
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Czechia
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Davies A, Amin S. Microstructure design of CTAC:FA and BTAC:FA lamellar gels for optimized rheological performance utilizing automated formulation platform. Int J Cosmet Sci 2020; 42:259-269. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A.R. Davies
- Chemical Engineering Department Manhattan College 4513 Manhattan College Pkwy Bronx NY 10471 USA
| | - S. Amin
- Chemical Engineering Department Manhattan College 4513 Manhattan College Pkwy Bronx NY 10471 USA
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Farmani J, Edalatkhah M, Motamedzadegan A, Mardani M. Production of set yoghurt analogue through replacement of milk fat with canola and sesame oil. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamshid Farmani
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Faculty of Agricultural Engineering; Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University; PO box 578 Sari Iran
| | - Mahsa Edalatkhah
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science; Islamic Azad University-Ayatollah Amoli Branch; PO box 678 Amol Iran
| | - Ali Motamedzadegan
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Faculty of Agricultural Engineering; Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University; PO box 578 Sari Iran
| | - Mohsen Mardani
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Faculty of Agricultural Engineering; Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University; PO box 578 Sari Iran
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Murgia S, Lampis S, Angius R, Berti D, Monduzzi M. Orientation and specific interactions of nucleotides and nucleolipids inside monoolein-based liquid crystals. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:9205-15. [PMID: 19569723 DOI: 10.1021/jp9035474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The entrapment of AMP, GMP, CMP, and UMP nucleotides along with two different AMP-based nucleolipids (hydrophobically functionalized nucleotides) inside the liquid crystalline phases of the monoolein/water system is investigated through optical microscopy, small-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. As ascertained mainly through (31)P NMR experiments, when included within the cubic phase, the various nucleotides undergo a slow hydrolysis of the sugar-phosphate ester bond, induced by specific interactions at the monoolein-water interface. Upon aging, the degradation of the nucleotides causes a cubic-to-hexagonal phase transition. Differently, neither hydrolysis nor alterations of the monoolein self-assembly are observed when the nucleotides are included as lipid derivatives within the cubic liquid crystalline phase. A model that explains both the hydrolysis and the consequent phase transition is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Murgia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Cagliari University and CSGI, SS 554 Bivio Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy.
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Aguirre-Mandujano E, Lobato-Calleros C, Beristain C, Garcia H, Vernon-Carter E. Microstructure and viscoelastic properties of low-fat yoghurt structured by monoglyceride gels. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2008.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Gater DL, Seddon JM, Law RV. Formation of the liquid-ordered phase in fully hydrated mixtures of and. SOFT MATTER 2008; 4:263-267. [PMID: 32907239 DOI: 10.1039/b710726a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The role of cholesterol (Chol) in promoting lamellar phase formation in mixtures with 1-palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (Lyso-PPC) in excess water was investigated using multinuclear solid-state NMR and X-ray scattering. It was found that mixtures containing Chol and Lyso-PPC form a liquid-ordered (Lo) lamellar phase over a range of temperatures and concentrations, as previously observed in mixtures of Chol with various diacylphospholipids. The maximum quadrupolar splitting of the 2H-NMR powder patterns for samples containing per-deuterated Lyso-PPC were 40-50 kHz which is strongly indicative of an Lo phase. This evidence was supported by wide angle X-ray scattering data which showed a characteristic diffuse peak centred at 4.2 Å. The Lo phase coexists with an isotropic Lyso-PPC phase at Chol concentrations up to 70 mol% Chol, and with Chol crystals at Chol concentrations above this value. Below 70 mol% Chol, an increase in the concentration of Chol in the system caused a corresponding increase in the proportion of the Lo phase present compared with the amount of isotropic Lyso-PPC. The chemical-shift anisotropy (CSA) of the static 31P-NMR spectra of the Lo phase showed the symmetry of a lamellar phase, but the linewidth, Δσ, was much narrower than CSA powder patterns obtained for diacylphospholipids in similar conditions, being ∼20 ppm as opposed to ∼40 ppm, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah L Gater
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, South Kensington Campus, London, UKSW7 2AZ.
| | - John M Seddon
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, South Kensington Campus, London, UKSW7 2AZ.
| | - Robert V Law
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, South Kensington Campus, London, UKSW7 2AZ.
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Rigby-Singleton SM, Davies MC, Harris H, O'Shea P, Allen S. Visualizing the solubilization of supported lipid bilayers by an amphiphilic peptide. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2006; 22:6273-9. [PMID: 16800686 DOI: 10.1021/la060114+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the presequence peptide of cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV (p25) on supported phospholipid bilayers (SPBs) was visualized using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The presequence was found to cause the complete disruption of supported bilayers containing neutral lipids. At relatively low concentrations of presequence, the peptide was found to bind to the membrane, coalescing to form microdomains within the liquid-crystalline bilayer that were located predominantly at bilayer-mica boundaries. Further increases in peptide concentration resulted in the formation of holes within the SPB that were spanned by an interpenetrating network of narrower regions of the bilayer, which, at higher applied peptide concentrations, were observed to disappear through a budding process, ultimately leading to the formation of spherical structures at yet higher peptide concentrations. Within this paper, the impact the presequence has upon the structure and order of the membrane is discussed, as is the potential implication of this apparent solubilization process on the translocation of cytochrome c oxidase into the inner mitochondrial membrane.
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Douliez JP. Phase behavior of the palmitic acid/palmitin system. A 2H NMR study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2004; 20:1543-1550. [PMID: 15801410 DOI: 10.1021/la035719+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The phase behavior of mixtures of palmitic acid (PA) and 1-monohexadecanoyl-rac-glycerol, palmitin, was studied by phase contrast microscopy and deuterium solid-state NMR. At pH 5, mixtures remained precipitated as lumps in solution. The NMR spectrum of the perdeuterated PA (PAd31) at 300 K exhibited a shape and quadrupolar splittings, deltav, characteristic of lipids embedded in a gel phase. The alkyl chains remained in a trans conformation with their long molecular axis oriented at about 15 degrees with respect to the bilayer normal. However, gauche defects were shown to occur at the end of the alkyl chain. At 330 K, the system underwent a phase transition to a hexagonal phase followed by an isotropic phase at 340 K. Upon cooling to 330 K, the spectrum in the hexagonal phase was oriented at 0 degrees showing that the cylinders were oriented with their long axis parallel to the field. Up to 11 positions (from 15) of PAd31 could be assigned. At pH 7 and 9 at room temperature, the mixtures were fully dispersed in a viscous solution of vesicles. The system underwent a phase transition at 320 K from a gel phase to a fluid phase with the bilayer normal oriented at 90 degrees with respect to the field. Analogous experiments performed with PA selectively labeled on carbon C2 allowed for the assignment of deltav for that position and suggested different conformations of the headgroup in the gel and fluid or hexagonal phases. The implications of these findings for the bio-availability of these fatty acids, in the understanding of the contribution of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups in the membrane formation, and for the production of simple self-oriented systems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Douliez
- Unité de Recherche sur les Protéines Végétales et leurs Interactions, INRA, rue de la Géraudière, 44316 Nantes, France.
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Chupin V, Killian JA, de Kruijff B. Effect of phospholipids and a transmembrane peptide on the stability of the cubic phase of monoolein: implication for protein crystallization from a cubic phase. Biophys J 2003; 84:2373-81. [PMID: 12668446 PMCID: PMC1302804 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(03)75043-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cubic phase of monoolein has successfully been used for crystallization of a number of membrane proteins. However, the mechanism of protein crystallization in the cubic phase is still unknown. It was hypothesized, that crystallization occurs at locally formed patches of bilayers. To get insight into the stability of the cubic phase, we investigated the effect of different phospholipids and a model transmembrane peptide on the lipid organization in mixed monoolein systems. Deuterium-labeled 1-oleoyl-rac-[(2)H(5)]-glycerol was used as a selective probe for (2)H NMR. The phase behavior of the phospholipids was followed by (31)P NMR. Upon incorporation of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, or phosphatidic acid, the cubic phase of monoolein transformed into the L(alpha) or H(II) phase depending on the phase preference of the phospholipid and its concentration. The ability of phospholipids to destabilize the cubic phase was found to be dependent on the phospholipid packing properties. Electrostatic repulsion facilitated the cubic-to-L(alpha) transition. Incorporation of the transmembrane peptide KALP31 induced formation of the L(alpha) phase with tightly packed lipid molecules. In all cases when phase separation occurs, monoolein and phospholipid participate in both phases. The implications of these findings for protein crystallization are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Chupin
- Biochemistry of Membranes Department, Centre for Biomembranes and Lipid Enzymology, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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