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Xiao M, Ren X, Yu Y, Gao W, Zhu C, Sun H, Kong Q, Fu X, Mou H. Fucose-containing bacterial exopolysaccharides: Sources, biological activities, and food applications. Food Chem X 2022; 13:100233. [PMID: 35498987 PMCID: PMC9039932 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial exopolysaccharides are high molecular weight polysaccharides that are secreted by a wide range of bacteria, with diverse structures and easy preparation. Fucose, fucose-containing oligosaccharides (FCOs), and fucose-containing polysaccharides (FCPs) have important applications in the food and medicine fields, including applications in products for removing Helicobacter pylori and infant formula powder. Fucose-containing bacterial exopolysaccharide (FcEPS) is a prospective source of fucose, FCOs, and FCPs. This review systematically summarizes the common sources and applications of FCPs and FCOs and the bacterial strains capable of producing FcEPS reported in recent years. The repeated-unit structures, synthesis pathways, and factors affecting the production of FcEPS are reviewed, as well as the degradation methods of FcEPS for preparing FCOs. Finally, the bioactivities of FcEPS, including anti-oxidant, prebiotic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and anti-microbial activities, are discussed and may serve as a reference strategy for further applications of FcEPS in the functional food and medicine industries.
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Key Words
- 2′-FL, 2′-fucosyllactose
- 3-FL, 3-fucosyllactose
- ABTS, 2,2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate
- Bacterial exopolysaccharides
- Bioactivity
- DPPH, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
- EPS, exopolysaccharides
- FCOs, fucose-containing oligosaccharides
- FCPs, fucose-containing polysaccharides
- FcEPS, fucose-containing EPS
- Food application
- Fucose
- HMOs, human milk oligosaccharides
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SCFAs, short-chain fatty acids
- Structure
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshi Xiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinmiao Ren
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Changliang Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Kong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Haijin Mou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Corresponding authors.
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Fukunaga T, Tanaka N, Furumoto T, Nakakita S, Ohashi T, Higuchi Y, Maekawa H, Takegawa K. Characterization of N- and O-linked galactosylated oligosaccharides from fission yeast species. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 130:128-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Ismail M, Frese M, Patschkowski T, Ortseifen V, Niehaus K, Sewald N. Flavin-Dependent Halogenases fromXanthomonas campestrispv. campestris B100 Prefer Bromination over Chlorination. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201801591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ismail
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry; Bielefeld University; Universitätstaße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science; Helwan University; Ain Helwan, Helwan Cairo 11795 Egypt
| | - Marcel Frese
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry; Bielefeld University; Universitätstaße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Thomas Patschkowski
- Proteome and Metabolome Research, Department of Biology; Bielefeld University; Universitätstaße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Vera Ortseifen
- Proteome and Metabolome Research, Department of Biology; Bielefeld University; Universitätstaße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Karsten Niehaus
- Proteome and Metabolome Research, Department of Biology; Bielefeld University; Universitätstaße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry; Bielefeld University; Universitätstaße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
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Distinct immunomodulation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cell responses to Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 by two different polysaccharides isolated from Lactobacillus rhamnosus LOCK 0900. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:6506-16. [PMID: 25107979 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02104-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The structures of polysaccharides (PS) isolated from Lactobacillus rhamnosus LOCK 0900 and results from stimulation of mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DC) and human embryonal kidney (HEK293) cells stably transfected with Toll-like receptors (TLR) upon exposure to these antigens were studied. L. rhamnosus LOCK 0900 produces PS that differ greatly in their structure. The polymer L900/2, with a high average molecular mass of 830 kDa, is a branched heteropolysaccharide with a unique repeating unit consisting of seven sugar residues and pyruvic acid, whereas L900/3 has a low average molecular mass of 18 kDa and contains a pentasaccharide repeating unit and phosphorus. Furthermore, we found that both described PS neither induce cytokine production and maturation of mouse BM-DC nor induce signaling through TLR2/TLR4 receptors. However, they differ profoundly in their abilities to modulate the BM-DC immune response to the well-characterized human isolate Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1. Exposure to L900/2 enhanced interleukin-10 (IL-10) production induced by L. plantarum WCFS1, while in contrast, L900/3 enhanced the production of IL-12p70. We conclude that PS, probably due to their chemical features, are able to modulate the immune responses to third-party antigens. The ability to induce regulatory IL-10 by L900/2 opens up the possibility to use this PS in therapy of inflammatory conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease, whereas L900/3 might be useful in reverting the antigen-dependent Th2-skewed immune responses in allergies.
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Eichenlaub R, Gartemann KH. The Clavibacter michiganensis subspecies: molecular investigation of gram-positive bacterial plant pathogens. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2011; 49:445-64. [PMID: 21438679 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-072910-095258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Clavibacter michiganensis subspecies are actinomycete plant pathogens residing mainly in the xylem vessels that infect economically important host plants. In the Clavibacter subspecies michiganensis and sepedonicus, infecting tomato and potato, respectively, essential factors for disease induction are plasmid encoded and loss of the virulence plasmids converts these biotrophic pathogens into endophytes. The genes responsible for successful colonization of the host plant, including evasion/suppression of plant defense reactions, are chromosomally encoded. Several serine proteases seem to be involved in colonization. They are secreted by Clavibacter, but their targets remain unknown. A type 3 secretion system (T3SS) translocating effectors into the plant cells is absent in these gram-positive pathogens. With the development of the modern 'omics technologies for RNA and proteins based on the known genome sequences, a new phase in the investigation of the mechanisms of plant pathogenicity has begun to allow the genome-wide investigation of the Clavibacter-host interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Eichenlaub
- Department of Genetechnology/Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany.
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Ovodov YS. Bacterial capsular antigens. Structural patterns of capsular antigens. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2006; 71:937-54. [PMID: 17009947 DOI: 10.1134/s000629790609001x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Structural patterns of bacterial capsular antigens including capsular polysaccharides and exoglycans are given in this review. In addition, the immunological activity of capsular antigens and their role in type specificity of bacteria are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu S Ovodov
- Institute of Physiology, Komi Science Center, Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar 167982, Russia.
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Cescutti P, Kallioinen A, Impallomeni G, Toffanin R, Pollesello P, Leisola M, Eerikäinen T. Structure of the exopolysaccharide produced by Enterobacter amnigenus. Carbohydr Res 2005; 340:439-47. [PMID: 15680599 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2004.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2004] [Accepted: 12/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The bacterial species Enterobacter amnigenus was isolated from sugar beets harvested in Finland. It produced an exopolysaccharide rich in l-fucose, which gave viscous water solutions. Its primary structure was determined mainly by NMR spectroscopy and ESIMS of oligosaccharides and a polysaccharide with decreased molecular weight, obtained by Smith degradation of the O-deacetylated native polymer [carbohydrate structure: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Cescutti
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
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Cruz AKMD, Pereira WO, Santos EAD, Carvalho MGF, Medeiros ADC, Oliveira FWD. Comparative study between the effects of hyaluronic acid and acid galactan purified from eggs of the mollusk Pomacea sp in wound healing. Acta Cir Bras 2004. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502004000100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE: To compare the effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) and of AG on the healing of intestine wounds. METHODS: The semi-purified extract of the eggs of the mollusc was obtained by fractionation with ammonium sulfate and purification for ion-exchange chromatography. The obtained galactans were eluted in water (neutral galactan) and in 0.1 and 0.2M NaCl (acidic galactans). The in vivo study was performed with 45 "Wistar" rats, separated in three groups (n=15). Solutions containing HA 1%, GA 1% or saline solution 0,9%, was placed topically on the sutures of wounds in the small intestine of the rats. After 05, 10 and 21 days the animals were sacrificed and biopsy of the healing tissue was done. RESULTS: The hystologic grading was more significant for HA and AG groups when compared to the group C. AG stimulated the appearance of macrophages, giant cells and increase in the concentration of collagen in the area of the wound when compared to HA. CONCLUSION: The topical use of GA in intestinal wounds promoted the anticipation of events that are important in the wound healing.
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Bermpohl A, Dreier J, Bahro R, Eichenlaub R. Exopolysaccharides in the pathogenic interaction of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis with tomato plants. Microbiol Res 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0944-5013(96)80009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Xu Y, Yokota A, Sanada H, Hisamatsu M, Araki M, Cho HJ, Morinaga T, Murooka Y. Enterobacter cloacae A105, isolated from the surface of root nodules of Astragalus sinicus cv. Japan, stimulates nodulation by Rhizobium huakuii bv. renge. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0922-338x(94)90145-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kojima N, Kaya S, Araki Y, Ito E. Pyruvic-acid-containing polysaccharide in the cell wall of Bacillus polymyxa AHU 1385. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1988; 174:255-60. [PMID: 3383845 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1988.tb14091.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Three acidic polymer fractions with molecular masses of about 16 kDa, 35 kDa and 70 kDa were isolated from lysozyme digests of N-acetylated cell walls of Bacillus polymyxa AHU 1385 by ion-exchange chromatography and gel chromatography. These fractions, containing mannosamine, glucosamine and pyruvic acid in a molar ratio of about 1:1:1 together with glycopeptide components, were characterized as polysaccharide-linked glycopeptides with one, two and more polysaccharide chains. On the other hand, treatment of the cell walls with glycine/HC1 buffer, pH 2.5, at 100 degrees C for 10 min followed by separation of water-soluble products on ion-exchange chromatography gave three polysaccharide fractions, PS-I-III, which contained different amounts of pyruvic acid (0,0.6 and 0.9 residue/mannosamine residue) along with equimolar amounts of mannosamine and glucosamine. Pyruvate-free polysaccharides similar to PS-I were also obtained from PS-II, PS-III and polysaccharide-linked glycopeptides by treatment with 10 mM HC1 at 100 degrees C for 1 h. Results of analyses of these polysaccharide preparations by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR measurement and methylation, together with data from characterization of fragments obtained by hydrogen fluoride hydrolysis, lead to the most likely structure, ----3)[4,6-O-(1-carboxyethylidene)]ManNAc(beta 1----4)GlcNac(beta 1----, for the acidic polysaccharide of this strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kojima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Rao AS, Liao J, Kabat EA, Osserman EF, Harboe M, Nimmich W. Immunochemical studies on human monoclonal macroglobulins with specificities for 3,4-pyruvylated D-galactose and 4,6-pyruvylated D-glucose. J Biol Chem 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)43559-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Properties of 13C-N.M.R. spectra of O-(1-carboxyethylidene) derivatives of methyl β-d-galactopyranoside: models for determination of pyruvic acid acetal structures in polysaccharides. Carbohydr Res 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)81021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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The structure of 5-membered acetal groups of pyruvic acid in the d-galactan of the snail Pomacea lineata. Carbohydr Res 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)85996-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Minor structures in β-d-(1→2)-linked d-glucopyranans from Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Agrobacterium radiobacter. Carbohydr Res 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)85712-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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