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Du X. Sympatho-adrenergic mechanisms in heart failure: new insights into pathophysiology. MEDICAL REVIEW (BERLIN, GERMANY) 2021; 1:47-77. [PMID: 37724075 PMCID: PMC10388789 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2021-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system is activated in the setting of heart failure (HF) to compensate for hemodynamic instability. However, acute sympathetic surge or sustained high neuronal firing rates activates β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) signaling contributing to myocardial remodeling, dysfunction and electrical instability. Thus, sympatho-βAR activation is regarded as a hallmark of HF and forms pathophysiological basis for β-blocking therapy. Building upon earlier research findings, studies conducted in the recent decades have significantly advanced our understanding on the sympatho-adrenergic mechanism in HF, which forms the focus of this article. This review notes recent research progress regarding the roles of cardiac β2AR or α1AR in the failing heart, significance of β1AR-autoantibodies, and βAR signaling through G-protein independent signaling pathways. Sympatho-βAR regulation of immune cells or fibroblasts is specifically discussed. On the neuronal aspects, knowledge is assembled on the remodeling of sympathetic nerves of the failing heart, regulation by presynaptic α2AR of NE release, and findings on device-based neuromodulation of the sympathetic nervous system. The review ends with highlighting areas where significant knowledge gaps exist but hold promise for new breakthroughs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Du
- Faculty of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi’an710061, Shaanxi, China
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC3004, Australia
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Pimenov OY, Galimova MH, Evdokimovskii EV, Averin AS, Nakipova OV, Reyes S, Alekseev AE. Myocardial α2-Adrenoceptors as Therapeutic Targets to Prevent Cardiac Hypertrophy and Heart Failure. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s000635091905021x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Alekseev AE, Park S, Pimenov OY, Reyes S, Terzic A. Sarcolemmal α2-adrenoceptors in feedback control of myocardial response to sympathetic challenge. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 197:179-190. [PMID: 30703415 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
α2-adrenoceptor (α2-AR) isoforms, abundant in sympathetic synapses and noradrenergic neurons of the central nervous system, are integral in the presynaptic feed-back loop mechanism that moderates norepinephrine surges. We recently identified that postsynaptic α2-ARs, found in the myocellular sarcolemma, also contribute to a muscle-delimited feedback control capable of attenuating mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ and myocardial contractility. This previously unrecognized α2-AR-dependent rheostat is able to counteract competing adrenergic receptor actions in cardiac muscle. Specifically, in ventricular myocytes, nitric oxide (NO) and cGMP are the intracellular messengers of α2-AR signal transduction pathways that gauge the kinase-phosphatase balance and manage cellular Ca2+ handling preventing catecholamine-induced Ca2+ overload. Moreover, α2-AR signaling counterbalances phospholipase C - PKC-dependent mechanisms underscoring a broader cardioprotective potential under sympathoadrenergic and angiotensinergic challenge. Recruitment of such tissue-specific features of α2-AR under sustained sympathoadrenergic drive may, in principle, be harnessed to mitigate or prevent cardiac malfunction. However, cardiovascular disease may compromise peripheral α2-AR signaling limiting pharmacological targeting of these receptors. Prospective cardiac-specific gene or cell-based therapeutic approaches aimed at repairing or improving stress-protective α2-AR signaling may offer an alternative towards enhanced preservation of cardiac muscle structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey E Alekseev
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Stabile 5, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Science, Institutskaya 3, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia.
| | - Sungjo Park
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Stabile 5, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Oleg Yu Pimenov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Science, Institutskaya 3, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - Santiago Reyes
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Stabile 5, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Andre Terzic
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Stabile 5, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Chabot A, Meus MA, Hertig V, Duquette N, Calderone A. The neurogenic response of cardiac resident nestin(+) cells was associated with GAP43 upregulation and abrogated in a setting of type I diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2013; 12:114. [PMID: 23938193 PMCID: PMC3751664 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-12-114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac nestin(+) cells exhibit properties of a neural progenitor/stem cell population characterized by the de novo synthesis of neurofilament-M in response to ischemic injury and 6-hydroxydopamine administration. The induction of growth associated protein 43 (GAP43) was identified as an early event of neurogenesis. The present study tested the hypothesis that the de novo synthesis of neurofilament-M by nestin(+) cells was preceded by the transient upregulation of GAP43 during the acute phase of reparative fibrosis in the infarcted male rat heart. Secondly, a seminal feature of diabetes is impaired wound healing secondary to an inadequate neurogenic response. In this regard, an additional series of experiments tested the hypothesis that the neurogenic response of cardiac nestin(+) cells was attenuated in a setting of type I diabetes. Methods The neurogenic response of cardiac nestin(+) cells was examined during the early phase of reparative fibrosis following permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in the adult male rat heart. The experimental model of type I diabetes was created following a single injection of streptozotocin in adult male rats. The impact of a type I diabetic environment on the neurogenic response of cardiac nestin(+) cells was examined during myocardial infarction and following the administration of 6-hydroxydopamine. Results During the early phase of scar formation/healing, the density of GAP43/nestin(+) fibres innervating the peri-infarct/infarct region was significantly increased, whereas neurofilament-M/nestin(+) fibres were absent. With ongoing scar formation/healing, a temporal decrease of GAP43/nestin(+) fibre density and a concomitant increase in the density of innervating neurofilament-M/nestin(+) fibres were observed. The neurogenic response of cardiac nestin(+) cells during scar formation/healing was inhibited following the superimposition of type I diabetes. The de novo synthesis of neurofilament-M by nestin(+) cells after 6-hydroxydopamine administration was likewise attenuated in the heart of type I diabetic rats whereas the density of GAP43/nestin(+) fibres remained elevated. Conclusion The transient upregulation of GAP43 apparently represents a transition event during the acquisition of a neuronal-like phenotype and a type I diabetic environment attenuated the neurogenic response of cardiac nestin(+) cells to ischemia and 6-hydroxydopamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreanne Chabot
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, 5000 Belanger Street East, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada.
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Spasojevic N, Gavrilovic L, Dronjak S. Regulation of atrial catecholamine enzymes and adrenoceptor gene expression after chronic stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 98:433-41. [PMID: 22173024 DOI: 10.1556/aphysiol.98.2011.4.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress is a risk factor for the development of numerous psychopathological conditions in humans including depression. Changes in gene expression of tyrosine-hydroxylase (TH), dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH) phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT), β1-, β2- and β3-adrenoceptors in right and left rat atria upon chronic unpredictable mild stress (CMS) were investigated. CMS decreased TH and DBH gene expression levels both in right and left atria and increased PNMT mRNA in left atria. No changes in mRNA levels of β1- and β2-adrenoceptors were recorded, whereas β3-adrenoreceptor mRNA level was significantly elevated in right atria of CMS rats. At the same time, CMS produced a significant increase of β1- and β2-adrenoreceptor mRNA levels in left atria, but did not affect β3-adrenoceptor mRNA level.The results presented here suggest that stress-induced depression expressed differential effects on catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes and β-adrenoceptors at molecular level in right and left atria of adult rat males. Elevated gene expression of PNMT in left atria of rats exposed to CMS can lead to altered physiological response and may play a role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Spasojevic
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Belgrade, Serbia
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Abstract
Scar formation following an ischemic insult to the heart is referred to as reparative fibrosis and represents an essential physiological response to heal the damaged myocardium. The biological events of reparative fibrosis include inflammation, the deposition of collagen by myofibroblasts, sympathetic innervation, and angiogenesis. Several studies have further reported that scar formation was associated with the recruitment of neural crest-derived cardiac resident nestin(+) cells that display characteristics consistent with a neural progenitor/stem cell phenotype. During the reparative fibrotic response, these nestin(+) cells participate in neural remodeling and represent a novel cellular substrate of angiogenesis. In addition, a subpopulation of nestin(+) cells identified in the normal heart expressed cardiac progenitor transcriptional factors and may directly contribute to myocardial regeneration following ischemic damage. Nestin protein was also detected in endothelial cells of newly formed blood vessels in the scar and may represent a marker of revascularization. Lastly, nestin was induced in a subpopulation of smooth muscle α-actin(+) scar-derived myofibroblasts, and the expression of the intermediate filament protein may provide a proliferative advantage. Collectively, these data demonstrate that diverse populations of nestin(+) cells participate in cardiac wound healing.
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Béguin PC, El-Helou V, Gillis MA, Duquette N, Gosselin H, Brugada R, Villeneuve L, Lauzier D, Tanguay JF, Ribuot C, Calderone A. Nestin(+) stem cells independently contribute to neural remodelling of the ischemic heart. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:1157-65. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Li L, Kong L, Fang X, Jiang C, Wang Y, Zhong Z, Sun Q, Gu G, Zheng D, Meng R, Kang J. SH2-B beta expression in alveolar macrophages in BAL fluid of asthmatic guinea pigs and its role in NGF-TrkA-mediated asthma. Respirology 2009; 14:60-8. [PMID: 19144050 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2008.01417.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Nerve growth factor (NGF)/tyrosine kinase receptor A (TrkA) signalling may play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma, and SH2-B beta, a TrkA-binding protein, modulates the NGF signalling pathway. In this study, SH2-B beta expression in alveolar macrophages (AM) in guinea pig BAL fluid and its role in asthma pathogenesis through the NGF-TrkA signalling pathway were investigated. METHODS Guinea pigs were randomized into five groups: control, a model of asthma, anti-SH2-B beta antibody treatment, anti-NGF antibody treatment and anti-TrkA antibody treatment. The asthmatic model was established in guinea pigs by inhalation of ovalbumin. Specific anti-SH2-B beta, anti-NGF and anti-TrkA antibodies were administered and AM were isolated from BAL fluid to assess SH2-B beta expression using an immunofluorescence assay. SH2-B beta and TrkA protein expression were determined by western blotting, IL-1 beta and IL-4 levels in the BAL fluid supernatants were determined by ELISA, and pathological changes in the bronchi and lung tissues were examined by HE staining. RESULTS Lymphocyte, eosinophil and total inflammatory cell numbers in BAL fluid were significantly higher in the asthma model group than in the other groups (P < 0.01). NGF expression in the asthma model group was significantly higher than that in the PBS control group (P < 0.01). SH2-B beta was expressed in AM of control animals and expression was significantly higher in the asthma model than in the other groups (P < 0.01). TrkA protein expression was significantly higher in the asthma model group than in the PBS group (P < 0.01), and treatment with anti-NGF antibody resulted in significant reduction of TrkA expression (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS SH2-B beta is expressed in AM of normal guinea pigs, and SH2-B beta may participate in asthma pathogenesis through the NGF-TrkA signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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Du XJ. DISTINCT ROLE OF ADRENOCEPTOR SUBTYPES IN CARDIAC ADAPTATION TO CHRONIC PRESSURE OVERLOAD. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2008; 35:355-60. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04871.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Georget M, Mateo P, Vandecasteele G, Jurevicius J, Lipskaia L, Defer N, Hanoune J, Hoerter J, Fischmeister R. Augmentation of cardiac contractility with no change in L-type Ca2+ current in transgenic mice with a cardiac-directed expression of the human adenylyl cyclase type 8 (AC8). FASEB J 2002; 16:1636-8. [PMID: 12206999 DOI: 10.1096/fj.02-0292fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The beta-adrenergic cascade is severely impaired in heart failure (HF), in part because of a reduction in the activity of the two dominant cardiac adenylyl cyclase (AC) isoforms, AC5 and AC6. Hence, cardiac-directed AC overexpression is a conceivable therapeutic strategy in HF. In this study, we explored the consequences at the cellular and organ level of a cardiac-directed expression of the human AC8 in the transgenic mouse line AC8TG. Unlike AC5 and AC6, which are inhibited by intracellular Ca2+, AC8 is stimulated by Ca2+-calmodulin. Langendorff perfused hearts from AC8TG mice had a twofold higher left ventricular systolic pressure, a 40% faster heart rate, a 37% faster relaxation, and a 30% higher sensitivity to external Ca2+ than nontransgenic control mice (NTG). Cell shortening measured in isolated ventricular myocytes developed 22% faster and relaxed 43% faster in AC8TG than in NTG mice. Likewise, Ca2+ transients measured in fluo-3 AM-loaded myocytes were 30% higher and relaxed 24% faster in AC8TG compared with NTG mice. In spite of the large increase in Ca2+ transients and contraction, expression of AC8 had no effect on the whole-cell L-type Ca2+ current (ICa, L) amplitude. Moreover, ICa, L was unchanged even when AC8 was activated by raising intracellular Ca2+. Thus, cardiac expression of AC8 leads to an increase in cAMP that activates specifically Ca2+ uptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum but not Ca2+ influx at the sarcolemma, suggesting a strong compartmentation of the cAMP signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Georget
- Laboratoire de Cardiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, INSERM U-446, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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