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Li Z, Xu L, Li JY, Lei L, Liang PZ, Wu Q, Yang F, Ren TB, Yin X, Yuan L, Zhang XB. Superoxide Anion-Mediated Afterglow Mechanism-Based Water-Soluble Zwitterion Dye Achieving Renal-Failure Mice Detection. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:26736-26746. [PMID: 38015824 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Afterglow materials-based biological imaging has promising application prospects, due to negligible background. However, currently available afterglow materials mainly include inorganic materials as well as some organic nanoparticles, which are difficult to translate to the clinic, resulting from non-negligible metabolic toxicity and even leakage risk of inorganic heavy metals. Although building small organic molecules could solve such obstacles, organic small molecules with afterglow ability are extremely scarce, especially with a sufficient renal metabolic capacity. To address these issues, herein, we designed water-soluble zwitterion Cy5-NF with renal metabolic capacity and afterglow luminescence, which relied on an intramolecular cascade reaction between superoxide anion (O2•-, instead of 1O2) and Cy5-NF to release afterglow luminescence. Of note, compared with different reference contrast agents, zwitterion Cy5-NF not only had excellent afterglow properties but also had a rapid renal metabolism rate (half-life period, t1/2, around 10 min) and good biocompatibility. Unlike prior afterglow nanosystems possessing a large size, for the first time, zwitterion Cy5-NF has achieved the construction of water-soluble renal metabolic afterglow contrast agents, which showed higher sensitivity and signal-to-background ratio in afterglow imaging than fluorescence imaging for the kidney. Moreover, zwitterion Cy5-NF had a longer kidney retention time in renal-failure mice (t1/2 more than 15 min). More importantly, zwitterion Cy5-NF can be metabolized very quickly even in severe renal-failure mice (t1/2 around 25-30 min), which greatly improved biosecurity. Therefore, we are optimistic that the O2•--mediated afterglow mechanism-based water-soluble zwitterion Cy5-NF is very promising for clinical application, especially rapid detection of kidney failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jin-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Lingling Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Ping-Zhao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Qian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Feiyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Tian-Bing Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xia Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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Abdelghany L, Xu Y, Sekiya R, Yan C, Jingu K, Li TS. Nicaraven Exerts a Limited Effect on Radiation-Induced Inhibition of Tumor Growth in a Subcutaneous Murine Tumor Model. Radiat Res 2023; 200:382-388. [PMID: 37702409 DOI: 10.1667/rade-22-00212.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Nicaraven selectively protects normal tissue from radiation-induced injury. To further develop the clinical application of nicaraven for mitigating the side effects of cancer radiotherapy, we investigated the potential effect of nicaraven administration in radiation-induced inhibition of tumor growth. A subcutaneous tumor model was established in mice by the injection of Lewis lung cancer cells at the back of the chest. X-ray radiation was delivered to the thoracic area and different doses of nicaraven (0, 20, 50, 100 mg/kg) were administrated intraperitoneally pre- or post-irradiation. The tumor size was measured every other day. Mice were euthanized on day 30, and the tumor weight and the levels of cytokines in tumor tissue were measured. Pre- or post-irradiation administration of nicaraven up to a dose of 100 mg/kg did not significantly diminish the radiation-induced inhibition of tumor growth, but post-irradiation administration of 20 and 50 mg/kg nicaraven resulted in relatively lower tumor weight. The levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, MCP-1, MIP-2a, TGF-β1, VEGF, p53, p21, cyclin D1 and caspase-3 in tumor tissue did not change by nicaraven administration and were not significantly associated with the tumor weights. According to our experimental data, nicaraven will not significantly diminish the radiation-induced inhibition of tumor growth, even with pre-irradiation administration at a high dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Abdelghany
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Reiko Sekiya
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Chen Yan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Keiichi Jingu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tao-Sheng Li
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
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Abdelghany L, Kawabata T, Goto S, Jingu K, Li TS. Nicaraven induces programmed cell death by distinct mechanisms according to the expression levels of Bcl-2 and poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase in cancer cells. Transl Oncol 2022; 26:101548. [PMID: 36206675 PMCID: PMC9535466 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The PARP-1 expression level and poly (ADP-ribosyl)ation activity in cancer markedly affect the therapeutic outcome. Nicaraven, a free radical scavenger has been found to inhibit PARP, but the effect on cancer cells is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the potential role and molecular mechanism of nicaraven on cancer cells. Using U937 lymphoma cells and HCT-8 colorectal cancer cells, we found that nicaraven moderately reduced the cell viability of both cells in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, nicaraven significantly induced apoptosis of U937 cells that are dominantly expressing Bcl-2 but induced PAR-dependent cell death (parthanatos) of HCT-8 cells that are highly expressing poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG). Based on our data, nicaraven seems to induce programmed cell death through distinct mechanisms, according to the expression levels of Bcl-2 and PARG in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Abdelghany
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawabata
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Shinji Goto
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Keiichi Jingu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tao-Sheng Li
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.
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Lin H, Wu X, Yang Y, Wang Z, Huang W, Wang LF, Liu QW, Guan XH, Deng KY, Li TS, Qian Y, Xin HB. Nicaraven inhibits TNFα-induced endothelial activation and inflammation through suppression of NF-κB signaling pathway. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 99:803-811. [PMID: 33356884 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation-induced activation and dysfunction of endothelial cells play an important role in the pathology of multiple vascular diseases. Nicaraven, a potent hydroxyl radical scavenger, has recently been found to have anti-inflammatory roles; however, the mechanism of its action is not fully understood. Here we investigated the effects of Nicaraven on tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) - induced inflammatory response in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and we explore the underlying mechanisms related to the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Our results showed that Nicaraven significantly reduced the reactive oxygen species production after TNFα stimulation. Nicaraven suppressed TNFα-induced mRNA expression of multiple adhesion molecules and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), E-selectin, MCP-1, TNFα, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and IL-8. In addition, Nicaraven inhibited monocyte adhesion and reduced the protein levels of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1. Mechanistically, Nicaraven prevented TNFα-induced activation of NF-κB signaling pathway by suppressing the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65, IκBα, and IκB kinase (IKK)α/β, stabilizing IκBα, and inhibiting the translocation of p65 from cytosol to nucleus. Finally, we showed that Nicaraven improved the functions of endothelial cells, seen as the upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and increased nitric oxide levels. Our findings indicated that Nicaraven effectively inhibits TNFα-induced endothelial activation and inflammatory response at least partly through inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongru Lin
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xuehan Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yaqin Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Weilu Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Ling-Fang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Quan-Wen Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Guan
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Ke-Yu Deng
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Tao-Sheng Li
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Yisong Qian
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Hong-Bo Xin
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
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Postresuscitation syndrome: potential role of hydroxyl radical-induced endothelial cell damage. Crit Care Med 2011; 39:1712-20. [PMID: 21494109 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e3182186d42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE After out of hospital cardiac arrest, it has been reported that endothelium dysfunction may occur during the postresuscitation syndrome. However, the consequences of the reperfusion phase on endothelial reactive oxygen species production and redox homeostasis have not been explored in out of hospital cardiac arrest patients. DESIGN Prospective, observational study. SETTING Medical intensive care unit in a university hospital. PATIENTS Twenty successfully resuscitated out of hospital cardiac arrest patients, seven septic shock patients, and ten healthy volunteers. INTERVENTION Plasma was collected from patients at admission and 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 hrs after cardiac arrest. We studied the production of reactive oxygen species and cell survival during plasma perfusion using perfused endothelial cells (human umbilical vein endothelial cells) as a model. Cell antioxidant response was studied by measuring superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activities and reduced and oxidized glutathione levels. Mitochondrial respiratory chain activity was assessed by measuring complex I, II, III, and IV activities and anaerobic glycolysis by measuring glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Using perfused endothelial cells as a model, we demonstrate that plasma from out of hospital cardiac arrest patients induced on naive human umbilical vein endothelial cells a significant and massive cell death compared to plasma from septic shock patients and healthy volunteers. An increase of reactive oxygen species production with a decrease in antioxidant defenses (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activities, reduced and oxidized glutathione levels) was observed. The metabolic consequence of plasma exposure showed that mitochondrial respiratory chain activity was significantly impaired and anaerobic glycolysis was significantly increased. Inhibiting hydroxyl radical production significantly decreased cell death, suggesting that plasma from out of hospital cardiac arrest induced significant cell death by triggering the Fenton reaction. CONCLUSION Plasma from out of hospital cardiac arrest induces major endothelial toxicity with an acute pro-oxidant state in the cells and impairment of mitochondrial respiratory chain activity. This toxicity could be due to hydroxyl radical production by activation of the Fenton reaction.
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Synergistic induction of heme oxygenase-1 by nicaraven after subarachnoid hemorrhage to prevent delayed cerebral vasospasm. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 620:16-20. [PMID: 19686725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2008] [Revised: 07/24/2009] [Accepted: 08/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral vasospasm remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an oxidative stress-inducible enzyme with multiple protective functions against vascular and neurological diseases, including delayed cerebral vasospasm. In the present study, intravenous administration (i.v.) of nicaraven (1 mg/kg/min, for 2 days after subarachnoid hemorrhage) ameliorated delayed cerebral vasospasm in rat subarachnoid hemorrhage models, marked synergistic induction of HO-1 protein (> 2.5-fold than 'subarachnoid hemorrhage with saline i.v.'), and elicited a rapid increase of cGMP accumulation in the basilar arteries. In the sham-operated rats, nicaraven could not induce HO-1 expression. Antisense HO-1 oligodeoxynucleotides abrogated this HO-1 induction and the antivasospastic effect of nicaraven. In vitro study using Hela cells, nicaraven enhanced the human HO-1 promoter (-4.5 kbp) activity, which was pre-activated with the blood component oxyhemoglobin to mimic the ability of subarachnoid hemorrhage. These results suggest that this enhanced HO-1 expression through a combination of pathological state and pharmacological agent could be an effective strategy to improve the prognosis of heme- and oxidative stress-induced diseases, such as delayed cerebral vasospasm.
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Yoshinaga H, Watanabe M, Manome Y. Possible role of nicaraven in neuroprotective effect on hippocampal slice culture. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2003; 81:683-9. [PMID: 12897815 DOI: 10.1139/y03-060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nicaraven is an agent that is especially beneficial in vasospasm or brain damage caused by subarachnoid hemorrhage. It ameliorates neurological deficits of patients and protects the central nervous system from ischemia. We investigated the neuroprotective effect of nicaraven against oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) induced or N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) induced hippocampal neuronal cell death in organotypic brain slice cultures. The effect of nicaraven on hippocampal neuronal injury was evaluated by inhibition of uptake of propidium iodide (PI) into dead cells. The results demonstrated that nicaraven protected neuronal cells from both OGD- and NMDA-induced cell death. While nicaraven has a strong hydroxyl radical scavenging effect, another radical scavenger, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), inhibited cell death only caused by OGD. In contrast, the poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase (PARS) inhibitors 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB) and theophylline protected cells from both OGD- and NMDA-induced cell death. Since nicaraven has an inhibitory effect in PARS, as well as a radical scavenging effect, these results suggest that inhibition of hippocampal cell death caused by NMDA may be attributable to PARS inhibition by nicaraven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisao Yoshinaga
- Department of Microbiology, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan 105-8461
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Takayama H, Hamner CE, Caccitolo JA, Hisamochi K, Pearson PJ, Schaff HV. A Novel Antioxidant, EPC-K1, Stimulates Endothelial Nitric Oxide Production and Scavenges Hydroxyl Radicals. Circ J 2003; 67:1046-52. [PMID: 14639022 DOI: 10.1253/circj.67.1046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
EPC-K1, a hydroxyl radical scavenger synthesized by phosphate linkage of vitamin E and vitamin C, prevents myocardial reperfusion injury in vivo; however, the direct effects of EPC-K1 on coronary arteries are unknown. These experiments were undertaken to define possible mechanisms through which EPC-K1 imparts its protective action on the coronary vasculature. EPC-K1 (10(-5) to 10(-1) mg/ml) induced concentration-dependent relaxation in contracted canine coronary artery segments with endothelium, but no change in tension of arterial segments without endothelium (p<0.05, ANOVA). Endothelium-dependent relaxation to EPC-K1 was inhibited by N(G)-monomethyl-(L)-arginine ((L)-NMMA) (10(-5) mol/L). Inhibition of relaxation by (L)-NMMA was reversed by the addition of (L)-arginine (10(-4) mol/L), but not by (D)-arginine (10 (-4) mol/L). Subsequent exposure of canine coronary artery segments with intact endothelium to hydroxyl radicals for 30 min (generated by FeSO(4) [0.56 mmol/L] + H(2)O(2) [0.56 mmol/L]) impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation. However, pretreating the vascular segments with EPC-K1 (10(-4) mg/ml) prevented hydroxyl radical-mediated endothelial cell injury and maintained endothelium-dependent relaxation. These experiments indicate that EPC-K1 stimulates the release of endothelium-derived nitric oxide, an endogenous vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet and leukocyte activation and adhesion, from the coronary artery endothelium. Additionally, EPC-K1 scavenges hydroxyl radicals that mediate endothelial cell injury. These 2 independent and important actions are possible mechanisms by which EPC-K1 prevents reperfusion injury in the ischemic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroo Takayama
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Kaneda T, Ku K, Inoue T, Onoe M, Oku H. Postischemic reperfusion injury can be attenuated by oxygen tension control. JAPANESE CIRCULATION JOURNAL 2001; 65:213-8. [PMID: 11266197 DOI: 10.1253/jcj.65.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen-derived free radicals cause cytotoxic damage during reperfusion after a period of ischemia and the production of these free radicals may be proportionate to oxygen tension (PO2). The present study tested the hypothesis that oxidative damage may be limited by maintaining a more physiologic PO2 following ischemia. An experimental study in Wistar rats were mounted on a Langendorff apparatus was conducted to estimate baseline aortic flow (AF), coronary flow (CF), cardiac output (CO), systolic pressure (SP), heart rate (HR), and the rate-pressure product (RPP: HRxSP). The hearts were divided into 3 groups (n=7, hearts/group): group 1, hypoxic (PO2=300+/-50 mmHg) reperfusion; group 2, middleoxic (PO2=500+/-50 mmHg) reperfusion; and group 3, hyperoxic (PO2=700+/-50 mmHg) reperfusion. Following 30 min of warm ischemia, hearts in all groups were reperfused at each oxygen pressure. The recovery of cardiac function of each heart was measured at the end of reperfusion. Concentrations of lactate (LAC), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine kinase (CK) in the coronary perfusate during reperfusion were measured. The recovery rate of CO, SP, and RPP in group 2 were all significantly better than in the other 2 groups. CK leakage in group 2 was significantly lower than in group 3. A clinical study was also conducted during elective coronary artery bypass grafts in 16 consecutive patients who underwent either hyperoxic (n=8, PO2=450-550 mmHg) or more physiologic (n=8, PO2=200-250 mmHg) cardiopulmonary bypass after aortic unclamping. The clinical study assessed CK-MB, LDH, LAC, and malondialdehyde (MDA) in patient blood prior to starting the surgical procedure and at 30 min and 3, 9, and 21 h after unclamping. Cardiac index (CI), central venous pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, systolic arterial pressure, and the dose of cathecholamines were also measured. Although no significant differences were present in the dose of cathecholamines, the CI in the more physiologic oxygen tension group was significantly higher than in the hyperoxic group at 3 and 6 h after unclamping. The levels of MDA in the more physiologic PO2 group was significantly lower at 30 min after aortic unclamping than in the hyperoxic group. The present results suggest that in the experimental as well as in the clinical study, high PO2 leads to myocardial reperfusion damage; however, maintaining a more physiologic PO2 during reperfusion following ischemia may attenuate reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kaneda
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan.
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