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Cheng J, Odeh M, Lecompte AR, Islam T, Ordonez D, Valencia A, Anwar Sadmani AHM, Reinhart D, Chang NB. Simultaneous removal of nutrients and biological pollutants via specialty absorbents in a water filtration system for watershed remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 349:123903. [PMID: 38599272 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
To investigate watershed remediation within a Total Maximum Daily Load program, this study examined the field-scale filtration performance of two specialty absorbents. The goal was to simultaneously remove nutrients and biological pollutants along Canal 23 (C-23) in the St. Lucie River Basin, Florida. The filtration system installed in the C-23 river corridor was equipped with either clay-perlite with sand sorption media (CPS) or zero-valent iron and perlite green environmental media (ZIPGEM). Both media were formulated with varying combinations of sand, clay, perlite, and/or recycled iron based on distinct recipes. In comparison with CPS, ZIPGEM exhibited higher average removal percentages for nutrients. Findings indicated that ZIPGEM could remove total nitrogen up to 49.3%, total Kjeldahl nitrogen up to 67.1%, dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) up to 72.9%, total phosphorus up to 79.6%, and orthophosphate up to 73.2%. Both ZIPGEM and CPS demonstrated similar efficiency in eliminating biological pollutants, such as E. coli (both media exhibiting an 80% removal percentage) and chlorophyll a (both media achieving approximately 95% removal). Seasonality effects were also evident in nutrient removal efficiencies, particularly in the case of ammonia nitrogen; the negative removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen from the fifth sampling event could be attributed to processes such as photochemical ammonification, microbial transformation, and mineralization of DON in wet seasons. Overall, ZIPGEM demonstrated a more stable nutrient removal efficiency than CPS in the phase of seasonal changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiang Cheng
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Mohamad Odeh
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Alejandra Robles Lecompte
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Touhidul Islam
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Diana Ordonez
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Andrea Valencia
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - A H M Anwar Sadmani
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Debra Reinhart
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Ni-Bin Chang
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
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Rullander G, Lorenz C, Herbert RB, Strömvall AM, Vollertsen J, Dalahmeh SS. How effective is the retention of microplastics in horizontal flow sand filters treating stormwater? JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118690. [PMID: 37586166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics accumulate in stormwater and can ultimately enter freshwater recipients, and pose a serious risk to aquatic life. This study investigated the effectiveness of lab-scale horizontal flow sand filters of differing lengths (25, 50 and 100 cm) in retaining four types of thermoplastic microplastics commonly occurring in stormwater runoff (polyamide, polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyethylene terephthalate). Despite the differences in particle shape, size and density, the study revealed that more than 98% of the spiked microplastics were retained in all filters, with a slightly increased removal with increased filter length. At a flow rate of 1 mL/min and after one week of operation, 62-84% of the added microplastics agglomerated in the first 2 cm of the filters. The agglomerated microplastics included 96% of high-density fibers. Larger-sized particles were retained in the sand media, while microplastics smaller than 50 μm were more often detected in the effluent. Microplastics were quantified and identified using imaging based micro Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The efficient retention of microplastics in low-flow horizontal sand filters, demonstrated by the results, highlights their potential importance for stormwater management. This retention is facilitated by various factors, including microplastic agglomeration, particle sedimentation of heavy fibers and favorable particle-to-media size ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Rullander
- Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, SE-752 36, Sweden.
| | - Claudia Lorenz
- Aalborg University, Department of The Built Environment, Thomas Manns Vej 23, 9220, Aalborg Øst, Denmark
| | - Roger B Herbert
- Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, SE-752 36, Sweden
| | - Ann-Margret Strömvall
- Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jes Vollertsen
- Aalborg University, Department of The Built Environment, Thomas Manns Vej 23, 9220, Aalborg Øst, Denmark
| | - Sahar S Dalahmeh
- Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, SE-752 36, Sweden
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Donath A, Kantzas A, Bryant S. Opportunities for Particles and Particle Suspensions to Experience Enhanced Transport in Porous Media: A Review. Transp Porous Media 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-019-01256-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Bennacer L, Ahfir ND, Alem A, Wang H. Coupled Effects of Ionic Strength, Particle Size, and Flow Velocity on Transport and Deposition of Suspended Particles in Saturated Porous Media. Transp Porous Media 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-017-0856-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Ahfir ND, Hammadi A, Alem A, Wang H, Le Bras G, Ouahbi T. Porous media grain size distribution and hydrodynamic forces effects on transport and deposition of suspended particles. J Environ Sci (China) 2017; 53:161-172. [PMID: 28372741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effects of porous media grain size distribution on the transport and deposition of polydisperse suspended particles under different flow velocities were investigated. Selected Kaolinite particles (2-30μm) and Fluorescein (dissolved tracer) were injected in the porous media by step input injection technique. Three sands filled columns were used: Fine sand, Coarse sand, and a third sand (Mixture) obtained by mixing the two last sands in equal weight proportion. The porous media performance on the particle removal was evaluated by analysing particles breakthrough curves, hydro-dispersive parameters determined using the analytical solution of convection-dispersion equation with a first order deposition kinetics, particles deposition profiles, and particle-size distribution of the recovered and the deposited particles. The deposition kinetics and the longitudinal hydrodynamic dispersion coefficients are controlled by the porous media grain size distribution. Mixture sand is more dispersive than Fine and Coarse sands. More the uniformity coefficient of the porous medium is large, higher is the filtration efficiency. At low velocities, porous media capture all sizes of suspended particles injected with larger ones mainly captured at the entrance. A high flow velocity carries the particles deeper into the porous media, producing more gradual changes in the deposition profile. The median diameter of the deposited particles at different depth increases with flow velocity. The large grain size distribution leads to build narrow pores enhancing the deposition of the particles by straining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasre-Dine Ahfir
- Normandie University, UNIHAVRE, UMR 6294 CNRS, LOMC, 76600 Le Havre, France.
| | - Ahmed Hammadi
- Normandie University, UNIHAVRE, UMR 6294 CNRS, LOMC, 76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Abdellah Alem
- Normandie University, UNIHAVRE, UMR 6294 CNRS, LOMC, 76600 Le Havre, France
| | - HuaQing Wang
- Normandie University, UNIHAVRE, UMR 6294 CNRS, LOMC, 76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Gilbert Le Bras
- GeM, UMR 6183 CNRS, Université de Nantes, BP 420, 44606 Saint Nazaire Cedex, France
| | - Tariq Ouahbi
- Normandie University, UNIHAVRE, UMR 6294 CNRS, LOMC, 76600 Le Havre, France
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Bennacer L, Ahfir ND, Bouanani A, Alem A, Wang H. Suspended Particles Transport and Deposition in Saturated Granular Porous Medium: Particle Size Effects. Transp Porous Media 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-013-0220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Touch N, Hibino T, Nakashita S. Permeability Reduction by Sediment Retention in Saturated Sand Columns. Transp Porous Media 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-013-0163-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Touch N, Nakashita S, Hibino T. Deposition Behavior of Mud in Sand Beds Under the Effects of Organic Properties. Transp Porous Media 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-011-9858-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Ahfir ND, Benamar A, Alem A, Wang H. Influence of Internal Structure and Medium Length on Transport and Deposition of Suspended Particles: A Laboratory Study. Transp Porous Media 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-008-9247-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Biggs M, Humby S, Buts A, Tüzün U. Explicit numerical simulation of suspension flow with deposition in porous media: influence of local flow field variation on deposition processes predicted by trajectory methods. Chem Eng Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2509(02)00555-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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