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Weber I, Friese P, Olzmann M. H-Atom-Forming Reaction Pathways in the Pyrolysis of Furan, 2-Methylfuran, and 2,5-Dimethylfuran: A Shock-Tube and Modeling Study. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:6500-6508. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b05346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Weber
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Philipp Friese
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Matthias Olzmann
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Erdmann E, Łabuda M, Aguirre NF, Díaz-Tendero S, Alcamí M. Furan Fragmentation in the Gas Phase: New Insights from Statistical and Molecular Dynamics Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2018. [PMID: 29543456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b00881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We present a complete exploration of the different fragmentation mechanisms of furan (C4H4O) operating at low and high energies. Three different theoretical approaches are combined to determine the structure of all possible reaction intermediates, many of them not described in previous studies, and a large number of pathways involving three types of fundamental elementary mechanisms: isomerization, fragmentation, and H/H2 loss processes (this last one was not yet explored). Our results are compared with the existing experimental and theoretical investigations for furan fragmentation. At low energies the first processes to appear are isomerization, which always implies the breaking of one C-O bond and one or several hydrogen transfers; at intermediate energies the fragmentation of the molecular skeleton becomes the most relevant mechanism; and H/H2 loss is the dominant processes at high energy. However, the three mechanisms are active in very wide energy ranges and, therefore, at most energies there is a competition among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Erdmann
- Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics , Gdańsk University of Technology , Narutowicza 11/12 , 80-233 Gdańsk , Poland
| | - Marta Łabuda
- Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics , Gdańsk University of Technology , Narutowicza 11/12 , 80-233 Gdańsk , Poland
| | - Néstor F Aguirre
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | | | - Manuel Alcamí
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencias (IMDEA-Nanociencia) , 28049 Madrid , Spain
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Recent Trends in the Production, Combustion and Modeling of Furan-Based Fuels. ENERGIES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/en11030512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Liu Y, Knopp G, Qin C, Gerber T. Tracking ultrafast relaxation dynamics of furan by femtosecond photoelectron imaging. Chem Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2014.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Hayes CJ, Burgess DR, Manion JA. Combustion Pathways of Biofuel Model Compounds. ADVANCES IN PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apoc.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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7
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Somers KP, Simmie JM, Metcalfe WK, Curran HJ. The pyrolysis of 2-methylfuran: a quantum chemical, statistical rate theory and kinetic modelling study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:5349-67. [PMID: 24496403 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54915a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to the rapidly growing interest in the use of biomass derived furanic compounds as potential platform chemicals and fossil fuel replacements, there is a simultaneous need to understand the pyrolysis and combustion properties of such molecules. To this end, the potential energy surfaces for the pyrolysis relevant reactions of the biofuel candidate 2-methylfuran have been characterized using quantum chemical methods (CBS-QB3, CBS-APNO and G3). Canonical transition state theory is employed to determine the high-pressure limiting kinetics, k(T), of elementary reactions. Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus theory with an energy grained master equation is used to compute pressure-dependent rate constants, k(T,p), and product branching fractions for the multiple-well, multiple-channel reaction pathways which typify the pyrolysis reactions of the title species. The unimolecular decomposition of 2-methylfuran is shown to proceed via hydrogen atom transfer reactions through singlet carbene intermediates which readily undergo ring opening to form collisionally stabilised acyclic C5H6O isomers before further decomposition to C1-C4 species. Rate constants for abstraction by the hydrogen atom and methyl radical are reported, with abstraction from the alkyl side chain calculated to dominate. The fate of the primary abstraction product, 2-furanylmethyl radical, is shown to be thermal decomposition to the n-butadienyl radical and carbon monoxide through a series of ring opening and hydrogen atom transfer reactions. The dominant bimolecular products of hydrogen atom addition reactions are found to be furan and methyl radical, 1-butene-1-yl radical and carbon monoxide and vinyl ketene and methyl radical. A kinetic mechanism is assembled with computer simulations in good agreement with shock tube speciation profiles taken from the literature. The kinetic mechanism developed herein can be used in future chemical kinetic modelling studies on the pyrolysis and oxidation of 2-methylfuran, or the larger molecular structures for which it is a known pyrolysis/combustion intermediate (e.g. cellulose, coals, 2,5-dimethylfuran).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran P Somers
- Combustion Chemistry Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Republic of Ireland.
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Urness KN, Guan Q, Golan A, Daily JW, Nimlos MR, Stanton JF, Ahmed M, Ellison GB. Pyrolysis of furan in a microreactor. J Chem Phys 2014; 139:124305. [PMID: 24089765 DOI: 10.1063/1.4821600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A silicon carbide microtubular reactor has been used to measure branching ratios in the thermal decomposition of furan, C4H4O. The pyrolysis experiments are carried out by passing a dilute mixture of furan (approximately 0.01%) entrained in a stream of helium through the heated reactor. The SiC reactor (0.66 mm i.d., 2 mm o.d., 2.5 cm long) operates with continuous flow. Experiments were performed with a reactor inlet pressure of 100-300 Torr and a wall temperature between 1200 and 1600 K; characteristic residence times in the reactor are 60-150 μs. The unimolecular decomposition pathway of furan is confirmed to be: furan (+ M) ⇌ α-carbene or β-carbene. The α-carbene fragments to CH2=C=O + HC≡CH while the β-carbene isomerizes to CH2=C=CHCHO. The formyl allene can isomerize to CO + CH3C≡CH or it can fragment to H + CO + HCCCH2. Tunable synchrotron radiation photoionization mass spectrometry is used to monitor the products and to measure the branching ratio of the two carbenes as well as the ratio of [HCCCH2]/[CH3C≡CH]. The results of these pyrolysis experiments demonstrate a preference for 80%-90% of furan decomposition to occur via the β-carbene. For reactor temperatures of 1200-1400 K, no propargyl radicals are formed. As the temperature rises to 1500-1600 K, at most 10% of the decomposition of CH2=C=CHCHO produces H + CO + HCCCH2 radicals. Thermodynamic conditions in the reactor have been modeled by computational fluid dynamics and the experimental results are compared to the predictions of three furan pyrolysis mechanisms. Uncertainty in the pressure-dependency of the initiation reaction rates is a possible a source of discrepancy between experimental results and theoretical predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly N Urness
- Center for Combustion and Environmental Research, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0427, USA
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9
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Liu D, Togbé C, Tran LS, Felsmann D, Oßwald P, Nau P, Koppmann J, Lackner A, Glaude PA, Sirjean B, Fournet R, Battin-Leclerc F, Kohse-Höinghaus K. Combustion chemistry and flame structure of furan group biofuels using molecular-beam mass spectrometry and gas chromatography - Part I: Furan. COMBUSTION AND FLAME 2014; 161:748-765. [PMID: 24518999 PMCID: PMC3837219 DOI: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fuels of the furan family, i.e. furan itself, 2-methylfuran (MF), and 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) are being proposed as alternatives to hydrocarbon fuels and are potentially accessible from cellulosic biomass. While some experiments and modeling results are becoming available for each of these fuels, a comprehensive experimental and modeling analysis of the three fuels under the same conditions, simulated using the same chemical reaction model, has - to the best of our knowledge - not been attempted before. The present series of three papers, detailing the results obtained in flat flames for each of the three fuels separately, reports experimental data and explores their combustion chemistry using kinetic modeling. The first part of this series focuses on the chemistry of low-pressure furan flames. Two laminar premixed low-pressure (20 and 40 mbar) flat argon-diluted (50%) flames of furan were studied at two equivalence ratios (φ=1.0 and 1.7) using an analytical combination of high-resolution electron-ionization molecular-beam mass spectrometry (EI-MBMS) in Bielefeld and gas chromatography (GC) in Nancy. The time-of-flight MBMS with its high mass resolution enables the detection of both stable and reactive species, while the gas chromatograph permits the separation of isomers. Mole fractions of reactants, products, and stable and radical intermediates were measured as a function of the distance to the burner. A single kinetic model was used to predict the flame structure of the three fuels: furan (in this paper), 2-methylfuran (in Part II), and 2,5-dimethylfuran (in Part III). A refined sub-mechanism for furan combustion, based on the work of Tian et al. [Combustion and Flame 158 (2011) 756-773] was developed which was then compared to the present experimental results. Overall, the agreement is encouraging. The main reaction pathways involved in furan combustion were delineated computing the rates of formation and consumption of all species. It is seen that the predominant furan consumption pathway is initiated by H-addition on the carbon atom neighboring the O-atom with acetylene as one of the dominant products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Casimir Togbé
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Luc-Sy Tran
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), CNRS, Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Daniel Felsmann
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Patrick Oßwald
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Patrick Nau
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Julia Koppmann
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Alexander Lackner
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Pierre-Alexandre Glaude
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), CNRS, Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Baptiste Sirjean
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), CNRS, Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - René Fournet
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), CNRS, Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Frédérique Battin-Leclerc
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), CNRS, Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
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Somers KP, Simmie JM, Gillespie F, Conroy C, Black G, Metcalfe WK, Battin-Leclerc F, Dirrenberger P, Herbinet O, Glaude PA, Dagaut P, Togbé C, Yasunaga K, Fernandes RX, Lee C, Tripathi R, Curran HJ. A comprehensive experimental and detailed chemical kinetic modelling study of 2,5-dimethylfuran pyrolysis and oxidation. COMBUSTION AND FLAME 2013; 160:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.06.007. [PMID: 24273333 PMCID: PMC3837218 DOI: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The pyrolytic and oxidative behaviour of the biofuel 2,5-dimethylfuran (25DMF) has been studied in a range of experimental facilities in order to investigate the relatively unexplored combustion chemistry of the title species and to provide combustor relevant experimental data. The pyrolysis of 25DMF has been re-investigated in a shock tube using the single-pulse method for mixtures of 3% 25DMF in argon, at temperatures from 1200-1350 K, pressures from 2-2.5 atm and residence times of approximately 2 ms. Ignition delay times for mixtures of 0.75% 25DMF in argon have been measured at atmospheric pressure, temperatures of 1350-1800 K at equivalence ratios (ϕ) of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 along with auto-ignition measurements for stoichiometric fuel in air mixtures of 25DMF at 20 and 80 bar, from 820-1210 K. This is supplemented with an oxidative speciation study of 25DMF in a jet-stirred reactor (JSR) from 770-1220 K, at 10.0 atm, residence times of 0.7 s and at ϕ = 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0. Laminar burning velocities for 25DMF-air mixtures have been measured using the heat-flux method at unburnt gas temperatures of 298 and 358 K, at atmospheric pressure from ϕ = 0.6-1.6. These laminar burning velocity measurements highlight inconsistencies in the current literature data and provide a validation target for kinetic mechanisms. A detailed chemical kinetic mechanism containing 2768 reactions and 545 species has been simultaneously developed to describe the combustion of 25DMF under the experimental conditions described above. Numerical modelling results based on the mechanism can accurately reproduce the majority of experimental data. At high temperatures, a hydrogen atom transfer reaction is found to be the dominant unimolecular decomposition pathway of 25DMF. The reactions of hydrogen atom with the fuel are also found to be important in predicting pyrolysis and ignition delay time experiments. Numerous proposals are made on the mechanism and kinetics of the previously unexplored intermediate temperature combustion pathways of 25DMF. Hydroxyl radical addition to the furan ring is highlighted as an important fuel consuming reaction, leading to the formation of methyl vinyl ketone and acetyl radical. The chemically activated recombination of HȮ2 or CH3Ȯ2 with the 5-methyl-2-furanylmethyl radical, forming a 5-methyl-2-furylmethanoxy radical and ȮH or CH3Ȯ radical is also found to exhibit significant control over ignition delay times, as well as being important reactions in the prediction of species profiles in a JSR. Kinetics for the abstraction of a hydrogen atom from the alkyl side-chain of the fuel by molecular oxygen and HȮ2 radical are found to be sensitive in the estimation of ignition delay times for fuel-air mixtures from temperatures of 820-1200 K. At intermediate temperatures, the resonantly stabilised 5-methyl-2-furanylmethyl radical is found to predominantly undergo bimolecular reactions, and as a result sub-mechanisms for 5-methyl-2-formylfuran and 5-methyl-2-ethylfuran, and their derivatives, have also been developed with consumption pathways proposed. This study is the first to attempt to simulate the combustion of these species in any detail, although future refinements are likely necessary. The current study illustrates both quantitatively and qualitatively the complex chemical behavior of what is a high potential biofuel. Whilst the current work is the most comprehensive study on the oxidation of 25DMF in the literature to date, the mechanism cannot accurately reproduce laminar burning velocity measurements over a suitable range of unburnt gas temperatures, pressures and equivalence ratios, although discrepancies in the experimental literature data are highlighted. Resolving this issue should remain a focus of future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran P. Somers
- Combustion Chemistry Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - John M. Simmie
- Combustion Chemistry Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Fiona Gillespie
- Combustion Chemistry Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Christine Conroy
- Combustion Chemistry Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Gráinne Black
- Combustion Chemistry Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Wayne K. Metcalfe
- Combustion Chemistry Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Frédérique Battin-Leclerc
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, BP 20451, 1 rue Grandville, 51001 Nancy, France
| | - Patricia Dirrenberger
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, BP 20451, 1 rue Grandville, 51001 Nancy, France
| | - Olivier Herbinet
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, BP 20451, 1 rue Grandville, 51001 Nancy, France
| | - Pierre-Alexandre Glaude
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, BP 20451, 1 rue Grandville, 51001 Nancy, France
| | - Philippe Dagaut
- CNRS-INSIS, ICARE, 1C, Avenue de la recherche scientifique, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Casimir Togbé
- CNRS-INSIS, ICARE, 1C, Avenue de la recherche scientifique, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Kenji Yasunaga
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Defense Academy, Hashirimizu 1-10-20, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan, 239-8686
| | - Ravi X. Fernandes
- Physico-Chemical Fundamentals of Combustion, RWTH Aachen University, Templergraben 55, D-52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Changyoul Lee
- Physico-Chemical Fundamentals of Combustion, RWTH Aachen University, Templergraben 55, D-52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rupali Tripathi
- Physico-Chemical Fundamentals of Combustion, RWTH Aachen University, Templergraben 55, D-52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Henry J. Curran
- Combustion Chemistry Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
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Somers KP, Simmie JM, Gillespie F, Burke U, Connolly J, Metcalfe WK, Battin-Leclerc F, Dirrenberger P, Herbinet O, Glaude PA, Curran HJ. A high temperature and atmospheric pressure experimental and detailed chemical kinetic modelling study of 2-methyl furan oxidation. PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE. INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMBUSTION 2013; 34:225-232. [PMID: 23814505 PMCID: PMC3695553 DOI: 10.1016/j.proci.2012.06.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
An experimental ignition delay time study for the promising biofuel 2-methyl furan (2MF) was performed at equivalence ratios of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 for mixtures of 1% fuel in argon in the temperature range 1200-1800 K at atmospheric pressure. Laminar burning velocities were determined using the heat-flux method for mixtures of 2MF in air at equivalence ratios of 0.55-1.65, initial temperatures of 298-398 K and atmospheric pressure. A detailed chemical kinetic mechanism consisting of 2059 reactions and 391 species has been constructed to describe the oxidation of 2MF and is used to simulate experiment. Accurate reproduction of the experimental data has been obtained over all conditions with the developed mechanism. Rate of production and sensitivity analyses have been carried out to identify important consumption pathways of the fuel and key kinetic parameters under these conditions. The reactions of hydrogen atom with the fuel are highlighted as important under all experimental conditions studied, with abstraction by the hydrogen atom promoting reactivity and hydrogen atom addition to the furan ring inhibiting reactivity. This work, to the authors knowledge, is the first to combine theoretical and experimental work to describe the oxidation of any of the alkylated furans. The mechanism developed herein to describe 2MF combustion should also function as a sub-mechanism to describe the oxidation of 2,5-dimethyl furan whilst also providing key insights into the oxidation of this similar biofuel candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran P. Somers
- Combustion Chemistry Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - John M. Simmie
- Combustion Chemistry Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Fiona Gillespie
- Combustion Chemistry Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ultan Burke
- Combustion Chemistry Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jessica Connolly
- Combustion Chemistry Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Wayne K. Metcalfe
- Combustion Chemistry Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Patricia Dirrenberger
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Olivier Herbinet
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | | | - Henry J. Curran
- Combustion Chemistry Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Saha A, Upadhyaya HP, Kumar A, Naik PD, Bajaj PN. Dynamics of CCl bond fission in photodissociation of 2-furoyl chloride at 235nm. Chem Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Su L, Li X, Duan L, Wang C, Huang T. Hazardous air pollutant formation from pyrolysis of typical Chinese casting materials. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:6539-6544. [PMID: 21714543 DOI: 10.1021/es200310p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Analytical pyrolysis was conducted to evaluate the major hazardous air pollutant (HAP) emissions from pyrolysis of bituminous coal and a furan binder, which are the two most commonly used casting materials for making green sand and furan no-bake molds in Chinese foundries. These two materials were flash pyrolyzed in a Curie-point pyrolyzer at 920 °C and slowly pyrolyzed in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) from ambient temperature to 1000 °C with a heating rate of 30 °C/min. The emissions from Curie-point and TGA pyrolysis were analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometer/flame ionization detector. Thirteen HAP species were identified and quantified in the pyrolysis emissions of the two materials. The prominent HAP emissions were cresols, benzene, toluene, phenol, and naphthalene for the bituminous coal, whereas they were m,p,o-xylenes for the furan binder. Xylenesulfonic acid, the acidic catalyst in furan binder, was found to be the major source of xylene emissions. Thermogravimetry-mass spectrometer monitored the evolution of HAP emissions during TGA pyrolysis. For both of the casting materials, most of the emissions were released in the temperature range of 350-700 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujue Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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Tian Z, Yuan T, Fournet R, Glaude PA, Sirjean B, Battin-Leclerc F, Zhang K, Qi F. An experimental and kinetic investigation of premixed furan/oxygen/argon flames. COMBUSTION AND FLAME 2011; 158:756-773. [PMID: 23814311 PMCID: PMC3695461 DOI: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The detailed chemical structures of three low-pressure (35 Torr) premixed laminar furan/oxygen/argon flames with equivalence ratios of 1.4, 1.8 and 2.2 have been investigated by using tunable synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photoionization and molecular-beam mass spectrometry. About 40 combustion species including hydrocarbons and oxygenated intermediates have been identified by measurements of photoionization efficiency spectra. Mole fraction profiles of the flame species including reactants, intermediates and products have been determined by scanning burner position with some selected photon energies near ionization thresholds. Flame temperatures have been measured by a Pt-6%Rh/Pt-30%Rh thermocouple. A new mechanism involving 206 species and 1368 reactions has been proposed whose predictions are in reasonable agreement with measured species profiles for the three investigated flames. Rate-of-production and sensitivity analyses have been performed to track the key reaction paths governing furan consumption for different equivalence ratios. Both experimental and modeling results indicate that few aromatics could be formed in these flames. Furthermore, the current model has been validated against previous pyrolysis results of the literature obtained behind shock waves and the agreement is reasonable as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Tian
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS, Nancy Université, ENSIC, 1, rue Grandville, BP 451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Tao Yuan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Rene Fournet
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS, Nancy Université, ENSIC, 1, rue Grandville, BP 451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Pierre-Alexandre Glaude
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS, Nancy Université, ENSIC, 1, rue Grandville, BP 451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Baptiste Sirjean
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS, Nancy Université, ENSIC, 1, rue Grandville, BP 451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Frédérique Battin-Leclerc
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS, Nancy Université, ENSIC, 1, rue Grandville, BP 451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Kuiwen Zhang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Fei Qi
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
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Su PH, Lin FW, Yeh CS. Photodissociation Studies of M(Furan)+ (M = Cu, Ag, and Au) and Au(C3H4)+ Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp011799j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hua Su
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 701, R.O.C
| | - Fang-Wei Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 701, R.O.C
| | - Chen-Sheng Yeh
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 701, R.O.C
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Dubnikova F, Lifshitz A. Molecular hydrogen elimination from 2,5-dihydrofuran, 2,3-dihydrofuran, and 2-methyl-2,5-dihydrofuran: Quantum chemical and kinetics calculations. INT J CHEM KINET 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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