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Chen S, Chen Y, Xu H, Lyu M, Zhang X, Han Z, Liu H, Yao Y, Xu C, Sheng J, Xu Y, Gao L, Gao N, Zhang Z, Peng LM, Li Y. Single-walled carbon nanotubes synthesized by laser ablation from coal for field-effect transistors. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:5185-5191. [PMID: 37724683 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01053h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been attracting extensive attention due to their excellent properties. We have developed a strategy of using coal to synthesize SWCNTs for high performance field-effect transistors (FETs). The high-quality SWCNTs were synthesized by laser ablation using only coal as the carbon source and Co-Ni as the catalyst. We show that coal is a carbon source superior to graphite with higher yield and better selectivity toward SWCNTs with smaller diameters. Without any pre-purification, the as-prepared SWCNTs were directly sorted based on their conductivity and diameter using either aqueous two-phase extraction or organic phase extraction with PCz (poly[9-(1-octylonoyl)-9H-carbazole-2,7-diyl]). The semiconducting SWCNTs sorted by one-step PCz extraction were used to fabricate thin film FETs. The transformation of coal into FETs (and further integrated circuits) demonstrates an efficient way of utilizing natural resources and a marvelous example in green carbon technology. Considering its short steps and high feasibility, it presents great potential in future practical applications not limited to electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaochuang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Yuguang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Haitao Xu
- Institute for Carbon-Based Thin Film Electronics, Peking University, Shanxi, Taiyuan 030012, China
- Institute of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030031, China
- Beijing Institute of Carbon-based Integrated Circuits, Beijing 100195, China
| | - Min Lyu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Xinrui Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Zhen Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Haoming Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Yixi Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Chi Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Jian Sheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Yifan Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Lei Gao
- Beijing Institute of Carbon-based Integrated Circuits, Beijing 100195, China
| | - Ningfei Gao
- Beijing Institute of Carbon-based Integrated Circuits, Beijing 100195, China
| | - Zeyao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
- Institute for Carbon-Based Thin Film Electronics, Peking University, Shanxi, Taiyuan 030012, China
- Institute of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Lian-Mao Peng
- Institute for Carbon-Based Thin Film Electronics, Peking University, Shanxi, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Yan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
- Institute for Carbon-Based Thin Film Electronics, Peking University, Shanxi, Taiyuan 030012, China
- PKU-HKUST ShenZhen-HongKong Institution, Shenzhen 518057, China
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Abstract
The majority of carbon nanotubes' synthesis processes occur in the presence of fluid (liquid, gas, plasma, or multi-phase flow) that may function as a carrier of catalyst particles, feedstock of carbon, and the heating or cooling agent. The fluid motion defines the temperature of catalyst particles and the local chemical composition of the fluid that determines the success of synthesis of high-purity nanotubes. In this review paper, the laser ablation process, high-pressure carbon oxide process, and chemical vapor deposition process are considered from the prospective of fluid dynamics modeling. The multi-model approach should be used for concurrent rendering of different areas of computational domain by different models and/or different time steps for the same model. For multiple plume ejection in laser ablation, the near-target area could be rendered by molecular dynamics approach whereas continuous gas dynamics algorithms should be employed to simulate plume dynamics of previously ejected plumes apart of the target. Such an approach combines continuous mechanics of multi-species flow of feedstock gas or plume; micro-fluidic flow model that is needed to find heat and mass transfer rate to catalysts in presence of individual nanotubes in close proximity to each other; and molecular dynamics of evaporation and ejection of plume in laser ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- ALEX POVITSKY
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3903, USA
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Luong JHT, Male KB, Mahmoud KA, Sheu FS. Purification, functionalization, and bioconjugation of carbon nanotubes. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 751:505-532. [PMID: 21674352 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-151-2_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Bioconjugation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with biomolecules promises exciting applications such as biosensing, nanobiocomposite formulation, design of drug vector systems, and probing protein interactions. Pristine CNTs, however, are virtually water-insoluble and difficult to evenly disperse in a liquid matrix. Therefore, it is necessary to attach molecules or functional groups to their sidewalls to enable bioconjugation. Both noncovalent and covalent procedures can be used to conjugate CNTs with a target biomolecule for a specific bioapplication. This chapter presents a few selected protocols that can be performed at any wet chemistry laboratory to purify and biofunctionalize CNTs. The preparation of CNTs modified with metallic nanoparticles, especially gold, is also described since biomolecules can bind and self-organize on the surfaces of such metal-decorated CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H T Luong
- Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Vander Wal RL, Berger GM, Hall LJ. Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Synthesis via a Multi-stage Flame Configuration. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp012844q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Randy L. Vander Wal
- NCMR c/o NASA-Glenn, M.S. 110-3, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44135
| | - Gordon M. Berger
- NCMR c/o NASA-Glenn, M.S. 110-3, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44135
| | - Lee J. Hall
- NCMR c/o NASA-Glenn, M.S. 110-3, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44135
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Jost O, Gorbunov AA, Möller J, Pompe W, Liu X, Georgi P, Dunsch L, Golden MS, Fink J. Rate-Limiting Processes in the Formation of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes: Pointing the Way to the Nanotube Formation Mechanism. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp013138s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. Jost
- Institute of Materials Science, Dresden University of Technology, D-01062 Dresden, Germany, and Institute for Solid State Research, IFW Dresden, P.O. Box 270016, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - A. A. Gorbunov
- Institute of Materials Science, Dresden University of Technology, D-01062 Dresden, Germany, and Institute for Solid State Research, IFW Dresden, P.O. Box 270016, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - J. Möller
- Institute of Materials Science, Dresden University of Technology, D-01062 Dresden, Germany, and Institute for Solid State Research, IFW Dresden, P.O. Box 270016, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - W. Pompe
- Institute of Materials Science, Dresden University of Technology, D-01062 Dresden, Germany, and Institute for Solid State Research, IFW Dresden, P.O. Box 270016, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - X. Liu
- Institute of Materials Science, Dresden University of Technology, D-01062 Dresden, Germany, and Institute for Solid State Research, IFW Dresden, P.O. Box 270016, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - P. Georgi
- Institute of Materials Science, Dresden University of Technology, D-01062 Dresden, Germany, and Institute for Solid State Research, IFW Dresden, P.O. Box 270016, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - L. Dunsch
- Institute of Materials Science, Dresden University of Technology, D-01062 Dresden, Germany, and Institute for Solid State Research, IFW Dresden, P.O. Box 270016, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - M. S. Golden
- Institute of Materials Science, Dresden University of Technology, D-01062 Dresden, Germany, and Institute for Solid State Research, IFW Dresden, P.O. Box 270016, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - J. Fink
- Institute of Materials Science, Dresden University of Technology, D-01062 Dresden, Germany, and Institute for Solid State Research, IFW Dresden, P.O. Box 270016, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
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