The reaction of thiolates with 2,3-dibromo-1-propanol revisited: application to the synthesis of bis(fattyalkylthio)propanols

α-Substituted phthalocyanines based on metal-induced H- or J-type aggregation for silver and palladium ions: synthesis, fluorescence, and antimicrobial and antioxidant properties

In this study, firstly, 3-(2,3-bis(hexadecylthio)propoxy)phthalonitrile (2) as a new phthalonitrile derivative was prepared. Then, new types of non-peripheral phthalocyanine derivatives [CuPc (3), ZnPc (4), and CoPc (5)] were synthesized by using this ligand. The synthesized new compounds were characterized by common spectroscopic methods such as FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, MALDI-TOF, UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The H- or J-type aggregation behaviors of novel type metallophthalocyanines in the presence of valuable metal ions such as Ag(i) and Pd(ii) were investigated by UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The quenching efficiency of the Ag(i) and Pd(ii) ions for ZnPc (4) was obtained using the Stern-Volmer equation and the quenching constant of ZnPc (4) towards Ag(i) and Pd(ii) ions was found to be 2.9 × 105 mol L-1 and 1.2 × 105 mol L-1, respectively. The binding constant (Ka) and binding stoichiometry (n) of Ag(i) and Pd(ii) ions for ZnPc (5) were calculated using a modified Benesi-Hildebrand equation, and were found to be 1.4 × 108 M-1 and 3.4 × 107 M-1, respectively. The binding ratio and free energy change of Ag(i) and Pd(ii) ions for ZnPc (4) were found to be 1.86, 1.54, -46.49 kJ mol-1 and -42.9 kJ mol-1, respectively. Also, the antioxidant properties of the synthesized novel type metallophthalocyanines and their Ag(i) and Pd(ii) ion doped aggregates were determined using three different methods: DPPH free radical scavenging activity, ferrous ion chelating activity and reducing power activity. Finally, the antibacterial and antifungal activities of phthalocyanine compounds synthesized within the scope of this study were determined by disc diffusion and macrobroth dilution methods and the effect of the doping of Ag(i) and Pd(ii) ions on the antibacterial activities of phthalocyanines was investigated.

Analysis of vibrational spectra of 3-halo-1-propanols CH(2)XCH(2)CH(2)OH (X is Cl and Br)

The conformational stability and the three rotor internal rotations in 3-chloro- and 3-bromo-1-propanols were investigated by DFT-B3LYP/6-311+G and ab initio MP2/6-311+G, MP3/6-311+G and MP4(SDTQ)//MP3/6-311+G levels of theory. On the calculated potential energy surface twelve distinct minima were located all of which were not predicted to have imaginary frequencies at the B3LYP level of theory. The calculated lowest energy minimum in the potential curves of both molecules was predicted to correspond to the Gauche-gauche-trans (Ggt) conformer in excellent agreement with earlier microwave and electron diffraction results. The equilibrium constants for the conformational interconversion of the two 3-halo-1-propanols were calculated at the B3LYP/6-311+G level of calculation and found to correspond to an equilibrium mixture of about 32% Ggt, 18% Ggg1, 13% Tgt, 8% Tgg and 8% Gtt conformations for 3-chloro-1-propanol and 34% Ggt, 15% Tgt, 13% Ggg1, 9% Tgg and 7% Gtt conformations for 3-bromo-1-propanol at 298.15K. The nature of the high energy conformations was verified by carrying out solvent experiments using formamide ( epsilon=109.5) and MP3 and MP4//MP3 calculations. The vibrational frequencies of each molecule in its three most stable forms were computed at the B3LYP level and complete vibrational assignments were made based on normal coordinate calculations and comparison with experimental data of the molecules.

Three rotor potential energy scans, conformational equilibrium constants and vibrational analysis of 3-fluoro-1-propanol CH(2)FCH(2)CH(2)OH

The conformational stability and the three rotor internal rotations in 3-fluoro-1-propanol were investigated by the DFT-B3LYP/6-311+G** and the ab initio MP2/6-311+G** levels of theory. The calculated potential energy curves of the molecule at both levels of theory were consistent with complex conformational equilibria of about 12 minima, all of which were predicted to have real frequencies at both the B3LYP and the MP2 levels. The lowest energy minimum in the potential curves of 3-fluoro-1-propanol was predicted to correspond to the Gauche-gauche-trans (Ggt) conformer in excellent agreement with microwave and electron diffraction results. The equilibrium constants for the conformational interconversion of the molecule were calculated and found to correspond to an equilibrium mixture of about 33% Ggt, 14% Ggg1 and 13% Gg1g and about 43% Ggt, 12% Ggg1 and 10% Gg1g distribution by the B3LYP/6-311+G** and the MP2/6-311+G** calculations, respectively, at 298.15K. The vibrational frequencies of each molecule in its three stable forms were computed at B3LYP level and complete vibrational assignments were made based on normal coordinate calculations and comparison with experimental data of the molecule.