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Electrochemical and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Surface Characterization of Interchain-Driven Self-Assembled Monolayer (SAM) Reorganization. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12050867. [PMID: 35269355 PMCID: PMC8912756 DOI: 10.3390/nano12050867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a combined strategy encompassing electrochemical and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) experiments to investigate self-assembled monolayer (SAM) conformational reorganization onto an electrode surface due to the application of an electrical field. In particular, 3-mercaptopriopionic acid SAM (3MPA SAM) modified gold electrodes are activated with a 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (NHSS) (EDC-NHSS) mixture by shortening the activation time, from 2 h to 15/20 min, labelled as Protocol-A, -B and -C, respectively. This step, later followed by a deactivation process with ethanolamine (EA), plays a key role in the reaction yields (formation of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-mercaptopropanamide, NMPA) but also in the conformational rearrangement observed during the application of the electrical field. This study aims at explaining the high performance (i.e., single-molecule detection at a large electrode interface) of bioelectronic devices, where the 3MPA-based SAM structure is pivotal in achieving extremely high sensing performance levels due to its interchain interaction. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments performed in K4Fe(CN)6:K3Fe(CN)6 for 3MPA SAMs that are activated/deactivated show similar trends of anodic peak current (IA) over time, mainly related to the presence of interchain hydrogen bonds, driving the conformational rearrangements (tightening of SAMs structure) while applying an electrical field. In addition, XPS analysis allows correlation of the deactivation yield with electrochemical data (conformational rearrangements), identifying the best protocol in terms of high reaction yield, mainly related to the shorter reaction time, and not triggering any side reactions. Finally, Protocol-C’s SAM surface coverage, determined by CV in H2SO4 and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) in NaOH, was 1.29 * 1013 molecules cm−2, being similar to the bioreceptor surface coverage in single-molecule detection at a large electrode interface.
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Ponnurangam S, Chernyshova IV, Somasundaran P. Nitrogen-containing polymers as a platform for CO 2 electroreduction. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 244:184-198. [PMID: 27817802 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous electroreduction of CO2 has received considerable attention in the past decade. However, none of the earlier reviews has been dedicated to nitrogen-containing polymers (N-polymers) as an emerging platform for conversion of CO2 to industrially useful chemicals. The term 'platform' is used here to underscore that the role of N-polymers is not only to serve as direct catalysts (through loaded metals) but also as co-catalysts/promoters and stabilizing agents. This review covers the current state, advantages, challenges, and prospects of the application of N-polymer-metal composites, also referred as polymer functionalized, coated, or modified electrodes, as well as functional hybrid materials, for the electrocatalytic conversion of CO2. It briefly surveys the efficiencies of the N-polymer-metal electrodes already used for this application, methods of their fabrication, and proposed mechanisms of their catalytic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Ponnurangam
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Irina V Chernyshova
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Dilonardo E, Penza M, Alvisi M, Rossi R, Cassano G, Di Franco C, Palmisano F, Torsi L, Cioffi N. Gas sensing properties of MWCNT layers electrochemically decorated with Au and Pd nanoparticles. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:592-603. [PMID: 28382249 PMCID: PMC5355907 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-based chemiresistors were electrochemically decorated with Au and Pd nanoparticles (NPs), resulting in an improvement in the detection of gaseous pollutants as compared to sensors based on pristine MWCNTs. Electrophoresis was used to decorate MWCNTs with preformed Au or Pd NPs, thus preserving their nanometer-sized dimensions and allowing the metal content to be tuned by simply varying the deposition time. The sensing response of unmodified and metal-decorated MWCNTs was evaluated towards different gaseous pollutants (e.g., NO2, H2S, NH3 and C4H10) at a wide range of concentrations in the operating temperature range of 45-200 °C. The gas sensing results were related to the presence, type and loading of metal NPs used in the MWCNT functionalization. Compared to pristine MWCNTs, metal-decorated MWCNTs revealed a higher gas sensitivity, a faster response, a better stability, reversibility and repeatability, and a low detection limit, where all of these sensing properties were controlled by the type and loading of the deposited metal catalytic NPs. Specifically, in the NO2 gas sensing experiments, MWCNTs decorated with the lowest Au content revealed the highest sensitivity at 150 °C, while MWCNTs with the highest Pd loading showed the highest sensitivity when operated at 100 °C. Finally, considering the reported gas sensing results, sensing mechanisms have been proposed, correlating the chemical composition and gas sensing responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Dilonardo
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Department of Electrotechnics and Electronics, Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Penza
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Laboratory Functional Materials and Technologies for Sustainable Applications - Brindisi Research Center, Brindisi, Italy
| | - Marco Alvisi
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Laboratory Functional Materials and Technologies for Sustainable Applications - Brindisi Research Center, Brindisi, Italy
| | - Riccardo Rossi
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Laboratory Functional Materials and Technologies for Sustainable Applications - Brindisi Research Center, Brindisi, Italy
| | - Gennaro Cassano
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Laboratory Functional Materials and Technologies for Sustainable Applications - Brindisi Research Center, Brindisi, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Palmisano
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Luisa Torsi
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Cioffi
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Dilonardo E, Penza M, Alvisi M, Cassano G, Di Franco C, Palmisano F, Torsi L, Cioffi N. Sensitive detection of hydrocarbon gases using electrochemically Pd-modified ZnO chemiresistors. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:82-90. [PMID: 28144567 PMCID: PMC5238677 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pristine and electrochemically Pd-modified ZnO nanorods (ZnO NRs) were proposed as active sensing layers in chemiresistive gas sensors for hydrocarbon (HC) gas detection (e.g., CH4, C3H8, C4H10). The presence of Pd nanoparticles (NPs) on the surface of ZnO NRs, obtained after the thermal treatment at 550 °C, was revealed by morphological and surface chemical analyses, using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The effect of the Pd catalyst on the performance of the ZnO-based gas sensor was evaluated by comparing the sensing results with those of pristine ZnO NRs, at an operating temperature of 300 °C and for various HC gas concentrations in the range of 30-1000 ppm. The Pd-modified ZnO NRs showed a higher selectivity and sensitivity compared to pristine ZnO NRs. The mean sensitivity of Pd-modified ZnO NRs towards the analyzed HCs gases increased with the length of the hydrocarbon chain of the target gas molecule. Finally, the evaluation of the selectivity revealed that the presence or the absence of metal nanoparticles on ZnO NRs improves the selectivity in the detection of specific HCs gaseous molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Dilonardo
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Department of Electrotechnics and Electronics, Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Penza
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Laboratory Functional Materials and Technologies for Sustainable Applications - Brindisi Research Center, Brindisi, Italy
| | - Marco Alvisi
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Laboratory Functional Materials and Technologies for Sustainable Applications - Brindisi Research Center, Brindisi, Italy
| | - Gennaro Cassano
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Laboratory Functional Materials and Technologies for Sustainable Applications - Brindisi Research Center, Brindisi, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Palmisano
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Luisa Torsi
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Cioffi
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Picca RA, Sportelli MC, Hötger D, Manoli K, Kranz C, Mizaikoff B, Torsi L, Cioffi N. Electrosynthesis and characterization of ZnO nanoparticles as inorganic component in organic thin-film transistor active layers. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.07.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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A unique path to reach thermostable polypyrrole/Pd microfibers via chemical oxidative polymerization. Colloid Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-014-3243-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Zolotukhina Е, Bezverkhyy I, Vorotyntsev M. One-stage periodical anodic-cathodic double pulse deposition of nanocomposite materials. Application to Prussian Blue/polypyrrole film coated electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.10.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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8
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Morel A, Silarska E, Trzeciak AM, Pernak J. Palladium-catalyzed asymmetric Heck arylation of 2,3-dihydrofuran – effect of prolinate salts. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:1215-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt31672b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Polypyrrole–palladium nanoparticles composite as efficient catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura coupling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ding K, Jia H, Wei S, Guo Z. Electrocatalysis of Sandwich-Structured Pd/Polypyrrole/Pd Composites toward Formic Acid Oxidation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ie102392n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keqiang Ding
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050016, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Jia
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050016, P.R. China
| | - Suying Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas 77710, United States
| | - Zhanhu Guo
- Integrated Composites Laboratory (ICL), Dan F. Smith Department of Chemical Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas 77710, United States
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11
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Electrosynthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles for electronic capacitance sensing of pollutants. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.12.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Guerrero M, García-Antón J, Tristany M, Pons J, Ros J, Philippot K, Lecante P, Chaudret B. Design of new N,O hybrid pyrazole derived ligands and their use as stabilizers for the synthesis of Pd nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:15532-15540. [PMID: 20822133 DOI: 10.1021/la1016802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We describe the stabilization studies of new palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) with a family of hybrid ligands. For this purpose, two new N,O-hybrid pyrazole derived ligands, as well as other previously reported, have been used as NP stabilizing agents following an organometallic approach. A comparison with corresponding palladium complexes has been carried out. We have also studied the superstructures formed by the agglomeration of NPs. To evaluate the scope of the system, different parameters have been studied such as the structure of the ligand, the ligand/metal ratio, the nature of the solvent, the concentration and the reaction time. The colloidal materials resulting from the different syntheses were all characterized by IR, transmission electron microscopy techniques at low or high resolution (TEM and HR-TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM-FEG). All these observations have allowed us to better understand the coordination modes of the different ligands onto the surface of the NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Guerrero
- Departament de Química, Unitat de Química Inorgànica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Monopoli A, Calò V, Ciminale F, Cotugno P, Angelici C, Cioffi N, Nacci A. Glucose as a Clean and Renewable Reductant in the Pd-Nanoparticle-Catalyzed Reductive Homocoupling of Bromo- and Chloroarenes in Water. J Org Chem 2010; 75:3908-11. [DOI: 10.1021/jo1005729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Angelo Nacci
- Department of Chemistry
- CNR-ICCOM, Department of Chemistry
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14
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Pisarevskaya EY, Alpatova NM. Palladium deposition features on poly-o-phenylenediamine film. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2008. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193508080132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
The paper gives a review of publications on polymers with conjugated matrices (PPy, PTh, PAni, hydrocarbon or mixed chains...) which incorporate metallocene complexes (Fe, Ru, Co; Ni, Ti, Zr, Ta) with two cyclopentadienyl ligands (Cp) and their derivatives, in particular with methylated cyclopentadienyl rings (Cp*), as well as hemi-metallocene complexes (Fe, Ru, Co, Mn), as pendant groups or inside the principal chain (part B). The information on related short-chain systems, monomers and oligomers, is also included. In part A, a brief overview of various conjugated polymer materials is presented, with their classification in accordance with the conductivity mechanism (ionic, electronic or mixed conductors) or with the structural type (linear-chain organic or mixed polymers, derivatization, metallopolymers, multi-dimensional structures, alternating and block copolymers with organic or mixed units, hybrid materials with a mixture of conjugated and inert polymers, polymers inside a solid matrix, conjugated polymers with incorporated nanoelements of transition metals, carbon, semiconductors etc.
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16
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Shustak G, Gadzinowski M, Slomkowski S, Domb AJ, Mandler D. A novel electrochemically synthesized biodegradable thin film of polypyrrole–polyethyleneglycol–polylactic acid nanoparticles. NEW J CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b611700g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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A novel one-pot synthesis of free standing Pd–PPy films: Observation of enhanced catalytic effect by Pd–Ppy layers. CATAL COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2006.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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18
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Calò V, Nacci A, Monopoli A. Effects of Ionic Liquids on Pd‐Catalysed Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200600045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Calò
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Nacci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Monopoli
- Lab. for Repressione frodi alimentari, Via Cavedone, 18, 41100 Modena, Italy
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Liu YC, Yang KH. Catalytic electroxidation pathway for electropolymerization of polypyrrole in solutions containing gold nanoparticles. Electrochim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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20
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Eftekhari A, Kazemzad M, Keyanpour-Rad M. Electropolymerization of Aniline on Plastically Deformed Pd Surface: Structure at Micro- and Nano-Scale. Polym J 2006. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.38.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Trzeciak AM, Ziółkowski JJ. Structural and mechanistic studies of Pd-catalyzed CC bond formation: The case of carbonylation and Heck reaction. Coord Chem Rev 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2005.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Catalytic electroxidation pathway for the polymerization of polypyrrole in the presence of ultrafine silver nanoparticles. POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Malinauskas A, Malinauskiene J, Ramanavičius A. Conducting polymer-based nanostructurized materials: electrochemical aspects. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2005; 16:R51-R62. [PMID: 20817958 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/16/10/r01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
New modern technologies require new materials. During the past decade, the movement towards nanodimensions in many areas of technology aroused a huge interest in nanostructurized materials. The present article reviews recent works dealing with electrochemistry-related aspects of nanostructurized conducting polymers. Electrochemical synthesis and some properties of nanostructurized conducting polymers, and nanocomposites derived from conducting polymers and metals, carbon, and inorganic and organic materials are considered. Some potential areas for electrochemistry-related applications of nanocomposites are highlighted, including batteries, supercapacitors, energy conversion systems, corrosion protection, and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Malinauskas
- Institute of Chemistry, Gostauto Street 9, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius Pedagogical University, Studentu 39, LT-08106 Vilnius, Lithuania
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24
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Cioffi N, Ditaranto N, Torsi L, Picca RA, De Giglio E, Sabbatini L, Novello L, Tantillo G, Bleve-Zacheo T, Zambonin PG. Synthesis, analytical characterization and bioactivity of Ag and Cu nanoparticles embedded in poly-vinyl-methyl-ketone films. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 382:1912-8. [PMID: 16032425 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-3334-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2005] [Revised: 05/10/2005] [Accepted: 05/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The electrosynthesis of copper and silver core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) by the sacrificial anode technique, employing tetraoctylammonium (TOA) salts as base electrolyte for the first time, is described. These surfactants were selected because they combine high NP stabilizing power with useful disinfecting properties. The resulting colloids were mixed with a solution of an inert dispersing polymer and used to prepare nanostructured composite thin films. The morphologies and chemical compositions of the nanomaterials were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The TEM reveals that the average core diameter of the metal NPs ranges between 1.7 and 6.3 nm, as a function of the nature of the metal and of the electrosynthesis conditions, and does not change significantly upon inclusion in the polymer matrix. An appreciable concentration of the metal is detected on the nanoparticle surface by XPS. High-resolution XP spectra indicate that both copper and silver are present at zero oxidation state in all of the materials (colloids and composite films). This demonstrates the high efficiency of the surfactant at controlling the morphology and the chemical composition of the nanodispersed metal in both the as-synthesized colloid and in the polymeric dispersion. The nanocoatings are shown to exert a marked inhibitory effect on the growth of eukaryote and prokaryote target microrganisms, and experimental evidence of a synergic disinfecting effect due to the surfactant and the nanodispersed metal is provided. On the basis of these stability and bioactivity results, it is clear that Cu-NPs and Ag-NPs are suitable for application in disinfecting or antifouling paint and coating formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Cioffi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy.
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Abstract
Recent literature describing nanocomposites of metal nanoparticles and conjugated polymers and oligomers are reviewed. Preparation of these nanocomposites by chemical and electrochemical methods are described, and the electronic and optical properties of these materials are discussed. Some initial applications that have been investigated for such nanocomposites are covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan C Sih
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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Sekiguchi K, Atobe M, Fuchigami T. Electrooxidative polymerization of aromatic compounds in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate room-temperature ionic liquid. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(03)00344-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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