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Tsering Dongsar T, Sonam Dongsar T, Abourehab MA, Gupta N, Kesharwani P. Emerging application of magnetic nanoparticles for breast cancer therapy. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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Solak K, Mavi A, Yılmaz B. Disulfiram-loaded functionalized magnetic nanoparticles combined with copper and sodium nitroprusside in breast cancer cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 119:111452. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Esmaili Z, Heydari A. Effect of acute caffeine administration on PTZ-induced seizure threshold in mice: Involvement of adenosine receptors and NO-cGMP signaling pathway. Epilepsy Res 2018; 149:1-8. [PMID: 30391360 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Caffeine is a non-selective antagonist of A1 and A2A adenosine receptors (ARs). In this regard, nitric oxide (NO) is partly involved in the central effects of caffeine. In this study, we examined the effect of acute caffeine administration on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizure threshold by focusing on A1Rs, A2ARs, and NO-cGMP signaling pathway. METHODS NMRI male mice (25-30 g) received caffeine (5, 50, and 100 mg/kg) alone, whereas 8-CPT (1 and 5 mg/kg, a selective A1Rs antagonist), SCH-442416 (5 and 10 mg/kg, a selective A2ARs antagonist) or sildenafil (5 and 10 mg/kg, a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor) were administrated alone or as pre-treatment before caffeine. Seizure threshold was assessed by intravenous infusion of PTZ. Nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) were measured with the Griess method. RESULTS When administrated alone, caffeine (5 and 50 mg/kg) and 8-CPT (1 and 5 mg/kg) significantly decreased seizure threshold, while 100 mg/kg of caffeine, SCH-442416 or sildenafil did not change it. Only pre-treatment with SCH-442416 (5 and 10 mg/kg) or sildenafil (5 and 10 mg/kg) before 100 mg/kg of caffeine significantly decreased seizure threshold. Moreover, NOx levels significantly decreased following alone administration of caffeine (100 mg/kg) or 8-CPT (5 mg/kg). CONCLUSION The results of present study showed that 5 and 50 mg/kg of caffeine had a proconvulsant effect but caffeine at a dose of 100 mg/kg had no effect on seizure threshold. In addition, it seems that the effect caffeine on seizure threshold is partly mediated through ARs or modulation of the NO-cGMP signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Esmaili
- Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Azhdar Heydari
- Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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van der Mierden S, Savelyev SA, IntHout J, de Vries RBM, Leenaars CHC. Intracerebral microdialysis of adenosine and adenosine monophosphate - a systematic review and meta-regression analysis of baseline concentrations. J Neurochem 2018; 147:58-70. [PMID: 30025168 PMCID: PMC6220825 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Microdialysis is a method to study the extracellular space in vivo, based on the principle of diffusion. It can be used to measure various small molecules including the neuroregulator adenosine. Baseline levels of the compounds measured with microdialysis vary over studies. We systematically reviewed the literature to investigate the full range of reported baseline concentrations of adenosine and adenosine monophosphate in microdialysates. We performed a meta‐regression analysis to study the influence of flow rate, probe membrane surface area, species, brain area and anaesthesia versus freely behaving, on the adenosine concentration. Baseline adenosine concentrations in microdialysates ranged from 0.8 to 2100 nM. There was limited evidence on baseline adenosine monophosphate concentrations in microdialysates. Across studies, we found effects of flow rate and anaesthesia versus freely behaving on dialysate adenosine concentrations (p ≤ 0.001), but not of probe membrane surface, species, or brain area (p ≥ 0.14). With increasing flow rate, adenosine concentrations decreased. With anaesthesia, adenosine concentrations increased. The effect of other predictor variables on baseline adenosine concentrations, for example, post‐surgical recovery time, could not be analysed because of a lack of reported data. This study shows that meta‐regression can be used as an alternative to new animal experiments to answer research questions in the field of neurochemistry. However, current levels of reporting of primary studies are insufficient to reach the full potential of this approach; 63 out of 133 studies could not be included in the analysis because of insufficient reporting, and several potentially relevant factors had to be excluded from the analyses. The level of reporting of experimental detail needs to improve. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Stevie van der Mierden
- SYRCLE, Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sergey A Savelyev
- Medical Biological Research & Development Centre 'Cytomed', St.-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Joanna IntHout
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob B M de Vries
- SYRCLE, Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cathalijn H C Leenaars
- SYRCLE, Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Animals in Science and Society - Human-Animal Relationship, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Toshihiro W, Kurata S, Takuro S, Ichiro O, Yasuaki S, Ikeda T, Ureshino H, Ayuse T. Protective Effect of Nitric Oxide on Liver Circulation from Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. J INVEST SURG 2015; 28:236-44. [PMID: 26290958 DOI: 10.3109/08941939.2015.1024357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The reduction of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) production during hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury, generally via a reduction in endothelial NO synthase activity, leads to liver injury. We hypothesized that administration of an exogenous NO donor into the portal vein may ameliorate hepatic blood flow reduction after a period of ischemia. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 90 min of ischemia (portal vein and hepatic artery) was applied in 15 anesthetized pigs, using the Pringle method under sevoflurane anesthesia. All animals were administered either saline (control group, n = 8) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP, n = 7) as exogenous NO donor drugs into the portal vein, 30 min before and after ischemia. The portal venous blood flow and hepatic artery blood flow were measured continuously using transonic flow probes attached to each vessel. Endogenous NO (NOx = NO2- + NO3-) production was measured every 10 min using a microdialysis probe placed in the left lobe of the liver. RESULTS In the SNP group, portal venous flow remained unchanged and hepatic artery flow significantly increased compared to baseline. Although the production of liver tissue NOx transiently decreased to 60% after ischemia, its level in the SNP group remained higher than the control saline group. CONCLUSION Regional administration of SNP into the portal vein increases hepatic arterial flow during ischemia reperfusion periods without altering mean systemic arterial pressure. We speculate that administration of an exogenous NO donor may be effective in preventing liver injury via preservation of total hepatic blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watanabe Toshihiro
- a Divisions of Clinical Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki , Japan
| | - Shinji Kurata
- a Divisions of Clinical Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki , Japan
| | - Sanuki Takuro
- a Divisions of Clinical Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki , Japan
| | - Okayasu Ichiro
- a Divisions of Clinical Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki , Japan
| | - Shibata Yasuaki
- b Oral Pathology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki , Japan
| | - Toru Ikeda
- b Oral Pathology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki , Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ureshino
- c Anesthesiology, Course of Medical and Dental Sciences, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki , Japan
| | - Takao Ayuse
- a Divisions of Clinical Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki , Japan
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Masino SA, Kawamura M, Ruskin DN. Adenosine receptors and epilepsy: current evidence and future potential. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2014; 119:233-55. [PMID: 25175969 PMCID: PMC6026023 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801022-8.00011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine receptors are a powerful therapeutic target for regulating epileptic seizures. As a homeostatic bioenergetic network regulator, adenosine is perfectly suited to establish or restore an ongoing balance between excitation and inhibition, and its anticonvulsant efficacy is well established. There is evidence for the involvement of multiple adenosine receptor subtypes in epilepsy, but in particular the adenosine A1 receptor subtype can powerfully and bidirectionally regulate seizure activity. Mechanisms that regulate adenosine itself are increasingly appreciated as targets to thus influence receptor activity and seizure propensity. Taken together, established evidence for the powerful potential of adenosine-based epilepsy therapies and new strategies to influence receptor activity can combine to capitalize on this endogenous homeostatic neuromodulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Masino
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut, USA.
| | - Masahito Kawamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - David N Ruskin
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
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Ayuse T, Mishima K, Oi K, Ureshino H, Sumikawa K. Effects of nitric oxide donor on hepatic arterial buffer response in anesthetized pigs. J INVEST SURG 2010; 23:183-9. [PMID: 20690842 DOI: 10.3109/08941931003596885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The effects of systemic administration of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) donor on hepatic arterial buffer response (HABR) have not yet been studied in an anesthetized model. In this study, 28 anesthetized pigs received administration of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) or nitroglycerin (NTG) as exogenous NO donors. Pressure-flow (P-Q) relationships in the hepatic artery defined the pressure at zero flow (P(Qha = 0)) and flow-dependent resistance (R). The magnitude of HABR was evaluated by comparing the change in hepatic arterial blood flow (DeltaQha) divided by the change in portal venous blood flow (DeltaQpv), using the index of change in blood flow (DeltaQha/DeltaQpv). Mean arterial pressure decreased from baseline (95.6 +/- 3.8 mmHg) to SNP condition (68.3 +/- 1.9 mmHg) and decreased from baseline (92.7 +/- 4.4 mmHg) to NTG condition (66.2 +/- 1.7 mmHg). Mean index of change in blood flow (DeltaQha/DeltaQpv) was also significantly increased from baseline (0.19 +/- 0.12) to SNP condition (0.28 +/- 0.17; p = .009) and from baseline (0.18 +/- 0.17) to NTG (0.28 +/- 0.20; p < .05). In conclusion, systemic administration of SNP and NTG increases HABR with reduced hepatic arterial tone under decreased mean arterial pressure, presumably via exogenous NO enhancing another regulatory system and reducing the pressure gradient for sinusoidal washout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Ayuse
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
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Masino SA, Kawamura M, Wasser CD, Wasser CA, Pomeroy LT, Ruskin DN. Adenosine, ketogenic diet and epilepsy: the emerging therapeutic relationship between metabolism and brain activity. Curr Neuropharmacol 2010; 7:257-68. [PMID: 20190967 PMCID: PMC2769009 DOI: 10.2174/157015909789152164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2009] [Revised: 05/01/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For many years the neuromodulator adenosine has been recognized as an endogenous anticonvulsant molecule and termed a “retaliatory metabolite.” As the core molecule of ATP, adenosine forms a unique link between cell energy and neuronal excitability. In parallel, a ketogenic (high-fat, low-carbohydrate) diet is a metabolic therapy that influences neuronal activity significantly, and ketogenic diets have been used successfully to treat medically-refractory epilepsy, particularly in children, for decades. To date the key neural mechanisms underlying the success of dietary therapy are unclear, hindering development of analogous pharmacological solutions. Similarly, adenosine receptor–based therapies for epilepsy and myriad other disorders remain elusive. In this review we explore the physiological regulation of adenosine as an anticonvulsant strategy and suggest a critical role for adenosine in the success of ketogenic diet therapy for epilepsy. While the current focus is on the regulation of adenosine, ketogenic metabolism and epilepsy, the therapeutic implications extend to acute and chronic neurological disorders as diverse as brain injury, inflammatory and neuropathic pain, autism and hyperdopaminergic disorders. Emerging evidence for broad clinical relevance of the metabolic regulation of adenosine will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Masino
- Psychology Department, Trinity College, 300 Summit St., Hartford, CT, USA.
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Hada J, Kaku T, Jiang MH, Morimoto K, Hayashi Y. Inhibition of high K+-evoked gamma-aminobutyric acid release by sodium nitroprusside in rat hippocampus. Eur J Pharmacol 2003; 467:119-23. [PMID: 12706464 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(03)01605-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To clarify whether nitric oxide (NO) modifies high K(+)-evoked gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release, we examined the effects of sodium nitroprusside, an NO donor; diethyldithiocarbamate, an NO trapper; dithiothreitol, a superoxide radical scavenger; and 1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazole(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one, a specific guanylyl cyclase inhibitor, on high (100 mM) K(+)-evoked GABA release from rat hippocampus in vivo using microdialysis. Perfusion with 0.5 or 5 mM sodium nitroprusside significantly reduced high K(+)-evoked GABA release. Co-perfusion with 0.5 mM sodium nitroprusside and 5 mM diethyldithiocarbamate or 0.5 mM 1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazole(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one significantly enhanced high K(+)-evoked GABA release. Co-perfusion with 0.5 mM sodium nitroprusside and 1 mM dithiothreitol tended to increase it. These results demonstrate that sodium nitroprusside reduces high K(+)-evoked GABA release both via an NO/cyclic GMP-dependent pathway and via an NO-dependent, but cyclic GMP-independent, pathway in rat hippocampus in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Hada
- Department of Medical Physics and Chemistry, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
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Lee AHF, Chen J, Liu D, Leung TYC, Chan ASC, Li T. Acid-promoted DNA-cleaving activities and total synthesis of varacin C. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:13972-3. [PMID: 12440877 DOI: 10.1021/ja020531i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of the antibiotic varacin C has been accomplished. In addition, it has been demonstrated that this antibiotic exhibits potent antitumor activity and is capable of causing efficient DNA cleavage under acidic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex H F Lee
- Open Laboratory of Chirotechnology, Institute of Molecular Technology for Drug Discovery and Synthesis, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Lee AHF, Chan ASC, Li T. Benzotrithiole 2-oxide: a new family of thiol-activated DNA-cleaving functionalities. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:3259-61. [PMID: 12392727 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00721-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
It was demonstrated in our studies that benzotrithiole 2-oxide was capable of causing efficient DNA cleavage in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol or glutathione and exhibited potent cytotoxic properties against certain cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex H F Lee
- Open Laboratory of Chirotechnology of the Institute of Molecular Technology for Drug Discovery and Synthesis and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Geetha S, Ram MS, Singh V, Ilavazhagan G, Sawhney RC. Effect of seabuckthorn on sodium nitroprusside-induced cytotoxicity in murine macrophages. Biomed Pharmacother 2002; 56:463-7. [PMID: 12481983 DOI: 10.1016/s0753-3322(02)00290-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study reports the anti-oxidant activity of alcoholic extracts of leaf and fruit of seabuckthorn (SBT) on nitric oxide (NO) induced cytotoxicity in J-774 macrophages. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), which generates NO at the concentration of 500 microg/ml, induced cytotoxicity as revealed by decreased neutral red uptake by macrophages. The cytotoxicity of SNP was attributed to enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which in turn resulted in decrease in anti-oxidant levels. Alcoholic leaf and fruit extracts of SBT at the concentration of 500 microg/ml were found to have a significant cytoprotective effect against SNP-induced oxidative stress. These extracts inhibited SNP-induced cytotoxicity, free radical production and maintained the anti-oxidant status identical to that of control cells. The alcoholic fruit extract of SBT was found to have significantly higher anti-oxidant activity than leaf extract against SNP-induced cytotoxicity in murine macrophages.
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Buerk DG, Riva CE. Adenosine enhances functional activation of blood flow in cat optic nerve head during photic stimulation independently from nitric oxide. Microvasc Res 2002; 64:254-64. [PMID: 12204650 DOI: 10.1006/mvre.2002.2432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Blood flow studies in the brain, heart, and other organs suggest that there could be interaction between nitric oxide (NO) and adenosine. This possibility was investigated in the optic nerve head (ONH) during photic stimulation of the dark-adapted cat eye. Functional activation of ONH blood flow was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry, simultaneously with NO and PO(2) using double-barrel recessed electrochemical sensors. Photic stimulation (diffuse luminance flickering light at 30 Hz) increased ONH blood flow to 127.4 +/- 4.7% (mean +/- SEM) of baseline with a transient increase in NO by 79.8 +/- 12.8 nM, while PO(2) decreased from 24.5 +/- 2.7 to 22.7 +/- 2.4 Torr (control responses, 15 trials, 10 cats). Adenosine (3 mg/kg iv) increased baseline ONH blood flow to 113.8 +/- 8.4% of control within 5 min. Functional activation of ONH blood flow was enhanced during photic stimulation, reaching a maximum of 155.8 +/- 8.1% within 5 min, and remained enhanced for 30 to 45 min. NO responses during photic stimulation were not different from control responses. Treatment with a nonspecific NO synthase inhibitor (N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, 40 mg/kg iv, 5 cats) did not alter the increase in resting ONH blood flow or the enhanced functional activation after adenosine. We conclude that there is no interaction between NO and adenosine during functional activation of cat ONH blood flow by photic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald G Buerk
- Department of Physiology, Department of Bioengineering, and the Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, 19104-6085, USA.
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Dall'Igna OP, Dietrich MO, Hoffmann A, Neto W, Vendite D, Souza DO, Lara DR. Catalepsy and hypolocomotion induced by a nitric oxide donor: attenuation by theophylline. Eur J Pharmacol 2001; 432:29-33. [PMID: 11734184 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(01)01457-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) promotes adenosine release in the striatum and hippocampus. Behavioral effects of the nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside were studied in mice and included an examination of spontaneous locomotion and catalepsy, which are behaviors modulated by adenosine. Sodium nitroprusside caused a dose-dependent (2, 4 and 6 mg/kg) decrease in locomotor activity and catalepsy at the dose of 6 mg/kg. These effects were substantially attenuated by pretreatment with the non-selective adenosine receptors antagonist theophylline (10 and 30 mg/kg). Moreover, combined treatment with theophylline (30 mg/kg) and sodium nitroprusside (6 mg/kg) induced limbic seizures in 23% of animals. The pretreatment with the selective adenosine A(1) receptor antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1, 3-dimethylxanthine (CPT) (1.2 mg/kg) caused no effect on the spontaneous or sodium nitroprusside-induced behavior. These data suggest that these behavioral effects of sodium nitroprusside are at least partially mediated by adenosine in the striatum and hippocampus, probably via adenosine A(2A) receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- O P Dall'Igna
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia Experimental, Departamento de Bioquimica, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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