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Bläuer M, Sand J, Laukkarinen J. Regulation of p38 MAPK and glucocorticoid receptor activation by hydrocortisone in mono-and co-cultured pancreatic acinar and stellate cells. Pancreatology 2021; 21:384-389. [PMID: 33454208 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2020.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Acute pancreatitis develops as an inflammatory response to pancreatic tissue injury. Postoperative pancreatitis has recently been associated with increased occurrence of complications. Activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 (p38 MAPK) pathway occurs early in acute pancreatitis and its inhibition has been suggested to alleviate pancreatic inflammation. Glucocorticoids are potent anti-inflammatory steroids whose use in the management of acute pancreatitis remains controversial. Our aim was to examine the effect of crosstalk between pancreatic acinar cells (PACs) and stellate cells (PSCs) on p38 MAPK and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activation and to assess the impact of hydrocortisone on these events. METHODS The long-term co-culture setting for mouse PACs and PSCs developed in our laboratory was used. Parallel 4d mono- and co-cultures with or without 10 nM hydrocortisone were performed followed by immunocytochemical analysis of nuclear GR and phospho-p38 MAPK (pp38 MAPK). RESULTS Hydrocortisone inhibited pp38 MAPK up-regulation evoked by co-culture in PACs and PSCs and increased nuclear translocation of GR in PAC monocultures and in co-cultured PACs and PSCs. In PSC monocultures and co-cultured PACs, ligand-independent expression of nuclear GR was observed. In the former no change in nuclear GR but a significant decrease in total GR as analyzed by Western blot was caused by hydrocortisone. CONCLUSIONS Cellular microenvironment plays a significant role on p38 MAPK and GR activation in PACs and PSCs. Hydrocortisone is an effective means to inhibit p38 MAPK activation in PACs and PSCs. Both ligand-dependent and -independent regulatory roles for GR are suggested in the exocrine pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merja Bläuer
- Tampere Pancreas Laboratory and Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract Surgery, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Juhani Sand
- Tampere Pancreas Laboratory and Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract Surgery, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Johanna Laukkarinen
- Tampere Pancreas Laboratory and Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract Surgery, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
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Zhou HX, Han B, Hou LM, An TT, Jia G, Cheng ZX, Ma Y, Zhou YN, Kong R, Wang SJ, Wang YW, Sun XJ, Pan SH, Sun B. Protective Effects of Hydrogen Gas on Experimental Acute Pancreatitis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154483. [PMID: 27115738 PMCID: PMC4845997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease mediated by damage to acinar cells and pancreatic inflammation. In patients with AP, subsequent systemic inflammatory responses and multiple organs dysfunction commonly occur. Interactions between cytokines and oxidative stress greatly contribute to the amplification of uncontrolled inflammatory responses. Molecular hydrogen (H2) is a potent free radical scavenger that not only ameliorates oxidative stress but also lowers cytokine levels. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of H2 gas on AP both in vitro and in vivo. For the in vitro assessment, AR42J cells were treated with cerulein and then incubated in H2-rich or normal medium for 24 h, and for the in vivo experiment, AP was induced through a retrograde infusion of 5% sodium taurocholate into the pancreatobiliary duct (0.1 mL/100 g body weight). Wistar rats were treated with inhaled air or 2% H2 gas and sacrificed 12 h following the induction of pancreatitis. Specimens were collected and processed to measure the amylase and lipase activity levels; the myeloperoxidase activity and production levels; the cytokine mRNA expression levels; the 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, malondialdehyde, and glutathione levels; and the cell survival rate. Histological examinations and immunohistochemical analyses were then conducted. The results revealed significant reductions in inflammation and oxidative stress both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of H2 gas were associated with reductions in AR42J cell and pancreatic tissue damage. In conclusion, our results suggest that H2 gas is capable of ameliorating damage to the pancreas and AR42J cells and that H2 exerts protective effects both in vitro and in vivo on subjects with AP. Thus, the results obtained indicate that this gas may represent a novel therapy agent in the management of AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-xin Zhou
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Min Hou
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting An
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang Jia
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuo-Xin Cheng
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Ma
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Nan Zhou
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Kong
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuang-Jia Wang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Wei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue-Jun Sun
- Department of Diving Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shang-Ha Pan
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Duan L, Ma Y, Chi J, Wang X, Wesley AJ, Chen X. The regulatory role of immunosuppressants on immune abnormalities in acute pancreatitis. Biomed Rep 2013; 2:193-198. [PMID: 24649095 DOI: 10.3892/br.2013.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The uncontrolled progression of the inflammatory cascade is the main cause underlying the development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in acute pancreatitis. In this study, we investigated the effects of several immunosuppressants on mitigating the systemic inflammatory reaction syndrome (SIRS) and the compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome (CARS) associated with acute pancreatitis. A total of 93 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups: group 1 was the sham group and group 2 underwent laparoscopic intrapancreatic duct injection of sodium taurocholate to induce pancreatitis. The remaining 3 groups were the same as group 2, with the addition of methylprednisolone, cyclophosphamide or methotrexate treatment (metastab, CTX or MTX groups, respectively). Following establishment of the acute pancreatitis model, the serum levels of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 were found to be significantly elevated. Following immunosuppressant administration, the levels of all inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines investigated in groups 3, 4 and 5 were decreased compared to those in group 2. The pancreatic amylase levels and pancreatic wet weight (PWW) were also decreased in groups 3, 4 and 5 compared to those in group 2. Therefore, immunosuppressants may reduce inflammation-related cytokine levels in acute pancreatitis and relieve disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligeng Duan
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, University of Sichuan, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yu Ma
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, University of Sichuan, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Junlin Chi
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, University of Sichuan, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Nursing, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, University of Sichuan, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Alexander J Wesley
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0091, USA
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, University of Sichuan, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this article, we review important advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of pancreatitis. RECENT FINDINGS The relative contributions of intrapancreatic trypsinogen activation and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) activation, the two major early independent cellular events in pancreatitis, have been investigated using novel genetic models. Trypsinogen activation has traditionally held the spotlight for many decades as the central pathogenic event of pancreatitis. However, recent experimental evidence points to the role of trypsin activation in early acinar cell damage but not in the inflammatory response of acute pancreatitis, which was shown to be induced by NFκB activation. Further, chronic pancreatitis developed independently of trypsinogen activation in the caerulein model. Sustained NFκB activation, but not persistent intra-acinar expression of active trypsin, was shown to result in chronic pancreatitis. Calcineurin-NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T-cells) signaling was shown to mediate downstream effects of pathologic rise in intracellular calcium. Interleukin-6 was identified as a key cytokine mediating pancreatitis-associated lung injury. SUMMARY Recent advances challenge the long-believed trypsin-centered understanding of pancreatitis. It is becoming increasingly clear that activation of intense inflammatory signaling mechanisms in acinar cells is crucial to the pathogenesis of pancreatitis, which may explain the strong systemic inflammatory response in pancreatitis.
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The Potential Effect of Proteasome Inhibitor PS-341 on Severe Acute Pancreatitis Detected by Positron Emission Tomography in ICR Mice. J Surg Res 2010; 162:193-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2009.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Revised: 05/26/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Ramudo L, Yubero S, Manso MA, Recio JS, Weruaga E, De Dios I. Effect of dexamethasone on peripheral blood leukocyte immune response in bile-pancreatic duct obstruction-induced acute pancreatitis. Steroids 2010; 75:362-7. [PMID: 20152847 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2010.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Revised: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to analyze the effects of dexamethasone (Dx) (1mg/kg), prophylactically or therapeutically administered, on the inflammatory response triggered by peripheral blood leukocytes during acute pancreatitis (AP) induced in rats by bile-pancreatic duct obstruction (BPDO) and their consequences in the progress of the disease. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the distribution of the major leukocyte populations, the CD45 expression and the activated state of monocytes as reflected by the membrane-bound intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and monocyte chemoattract protein-1 (MCP-1) in response to lipopolysaccaride (LPS). Interleukin-6 (IL-6) plasma levels, pancreatic fluid content and histology of pancreas sections were also evaluated. Dx, given either before or after AP, blunted the monocyte increase induced by BPDO-induced AP, but did not change lymphocyte and neutrophil counts. Membrane-bound ICAM-1 expression did not vary in circulating monocytes during BPDO, either in Dx-treated or non-treated rats. Both Dx treatments inhibited TNF-alpha and MCP-1 production in non-stimulated and LPS-stimulated monocytes, whose response was found to be higher than in controls from early AP. Leukocyte CD45 expression was found to be reduced in rats with AP and shifted to control values in Dx-post-treated rats. Cytokinemia as well as pancreatic edema and leukocyte infiltration found in BPDO rats were reduced by Dx given either before or after AP. We conclude that prophylactic and therapeutic Dx treatments inhibited the inflammatory response triggered by circulating leukocytes in rats with BPDO-induced AP, thus contributing to reducing the severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ramudo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Yubero S, Ramudo L, Manso MA, De Dios I. Mechanisms of dexamethasone-mediated chemokine down-regulation in mild and severe acute pancreatitis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2009; 1792:1205-11. [PMID: 19818401 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2009.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Revised: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the role of therapeutic dexamethasone (Dex) treatment on the mechanisms underlying chemokine expression during mild and severe acute pancreatitis (AP) experimentally induced in rats. Regardless of the AP severity, Dex (1 mg/kg), administered 1 h after AP, reduced the acinar cell activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun-NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) but failed to reduce p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in severe AP. In both AP models, Dex inhibited the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) factors. All of this resulted in pancreatic down-regulation of the chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC). Lower plasma chemokine levels as well as decreased amylasemia, hematocrit and plasma interleukin-1beta (Il-1beta) levels were found either in mild or severe AP treated with Dex. Pancreatic neutrophil infiltration was attenuated by Dex in mild but not in severe AP. In conclusion, by targeting MAPKs, NF-kappaB and STAT3 pathways, Dex treatment down-regulated the chemokine expression in different cell sources during mild and severe AP, resulting in decreased severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yubero
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Bini R, Olivero G, Trombetta A, Castagna E, Cotogni P. Effects of dimethyl sulfoxide, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, and methylprednisolone on nuclear factor-kappaB and heat shock protein 70 in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 64:1048-54. [PMID: 18404074 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0b013e318059362e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) is a transcription factor involved in the inflammatory response. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is involved in the cell protection from various stresses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), and methylprednisolone (MP) on liver, renal, and intestinal activation of NF-kappaB and HSP70 in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock (HS). METHODS Sixty rats were randomized in 6 groups: sham-operated; only HS; HS and resuscitation with blood plus normal saline (NS); HS and resuscitation with blood/NS and 6 mg/kg DMSO; HS and resuscitation with blood/NS and 100 mg/kg PDTC; HS and resuscitation with blood/NS and 30 mg/kg MP. Rats were subjected to HS by blood removal to a mean arterial pressure of 35 to 40 mm Hg through the femoral artery. After 1-hour shock-period, the animals were resuscitated according to the experimental protocol. NF-kappaB and HSP70 expression in liver, kidney, and small intestine was analyzed 1 and 3 hours after resuscitation by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS HS upregulated NF-kappaB activation and HSP70 expression (p < 0.05). Resuscitation was not associated with a further increase in NF-kappaB and HSP70 activation. DMSO, PDTC, and MP administration resulted in a decreased liver, renal, and intestinal activation of NF-kappaB associated with an increase of HSP70 expression (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that treatment with DMSO, PDTC, and MP can modulate the expression of NF-kappaB and HSP70 after HS in rats. This modulation may have potential effects in HS through inhibition of the NF-kappaB-dependent production of proinflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Bini
- From the Chirurgia d'Urgenza, Dipartimento di Discipline Medico-Chirurgiche, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
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Suganami Y, Kawashima H, Hasegawa D, Sato S, Hoshika A. Clinical application of rapid assay of serum interleukin-6 in Kawasaki disease. Pediatr Int 2008; 50:264-6. [PMID: 18353077 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.2008.02555.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Suganami
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bee venom (BV) has frequently been used as a remedy for inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of BV on cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8)-induced acute pancreatitis (AP) in rats. METHODS The BV pretreatment group: 0.25 mg/kg BV was administered subcutaneously, followed by 75 mug/kg CCK-8 subcutaneously 3 times after 1, 3, and 5 hours. This whole procedure was repeated for 5 days. CONTROL GROUP CCK-8 subcutaneously 3 times after 1, 3, and 5 hours for 5 days. The BV posttreatment group: CCK-8 subcutaneously 3 times at an interval of 2 hours for 3 days, and then 0.25 mg/kg of BV was administered subcutaneously. CONTROL GROUP CCK-8 subcutaneously 3 times at an interval of 2 hours for 3 days. RESULTS The BV pretreatment and posttreatment ameliorated many of the examined laboratory parameters (the pancreatic weight [PW]/body weight [BW] ratio, the serum amylase and lipase activity) and reduced histological damages in pancreas. Furthermore, BV pretreatment reduced the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1, and interleukin 6 and also decreased pancreatic nuclearfactor-kappaB binding activity compared with saline-treated group in the AP model. The BV also increased heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) and heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) compared with the saline-treated group in the AP model. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the anti-inflammatory effect of BV in CCK-8-induced AP seems to be mediated by inhibiting nuclear factor-kappaB binding activity, and that BV may have a protective effect against AP.
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Letoha T, Fehér LZ, Pecze L, Somlai C, Varga I, Kaszaki J, Tóth G, Vizler C, Tiszlavicz L, Takács T. Therapeutic proteasome inhibition in experimental acute pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:4452-7. [PMID: 17724800 PMCID: PMC4611577 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i33.4452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To establish the therapeutic potential of proteasome inhibition, we examined the therapeutic effects of MG132 (Z-Leu-Leu-Leu-aldehyde) in an experimental model of acute pancreatitis.
METHODS: Pancreatitis was induced in rats by two hourly intraperitoneal (ip) injections of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK; 2 × 100 μg/kg) and the proteasome inhibitor MG132 (10 mg/kg ip) was administered 30 min after the second CCK injection. Animals were sacrificed 4 h after the first injection of CCK.
RESULTS: Administering the proteasome inhibitor MG132 (at a dose of 10 mg/kg, ip) 90 min after the onset of pancreatic inflammation induced the expression of cell-protective 72 kDa heat shock protein (HSP72) and decreased DNA-binding of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB).
Furthermore MG132 treatment resulted in milder inflammatory response and cellular damage, as revealed by improved laboratory and histological parameters of pancreatitis and associated oxidative stress.
CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that proteasome inhibition might be beneficial not only for the prevention, but also for the therapy of acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Letoha
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dom ter 8, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary.
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Seo SW, Jung WS, Piao TG, Hong SH, Yun KJ, Park RK, Shin MK, Song HJ, Park SJ. Selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor ameliorates cholecystokinin-octapeptide-induced acute pancreatitis in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:2298-304. [PMID: 17511027 PMCID: PMC4147137 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i16.2298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of selective Cycloo-xygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor 4-[5-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl] benzenesulfonamide (SC-236), on the cholecystokinin (CCK)-octapeptide-induced acute pancreatitis (AP) in rats.
METHODS: Wistar rat weighing 240 g to 260 g were divided into three groups. (1) Normal DMSO treated group, (2) SC-236 at 4 mg/kg treated group; SC-236 systemically administered via the intravenous (i.v.) catheter, followed by 75 μg/kg CCK octapeptide subcutaneously three times, after 1, 3 and 5 h. This whole procedure was repeated for 5 d. (3) Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) treated group: an identical protocol was used in this group as in the SC-236 cohort (see 2. above). Repeated CCK octapeptide treatment resulted in a typical experimentally induced pancreatitis in the Wistar rats.
RESULTS: SC-236 improved the severity of CCK-octapeptide-induced AP as measured by laboratory criteria [the pancreatic weight/body weight (p.w/b.w) ratio, the level of serum amylase and lipase]. The SC-236 treated group showed minimal histologic evidence of pancreatitis and a significant reduction in myeloperoxidase activity. SC-236 also increased heat shock protein (HSP)-60 and HSP72 compared with the DMSO-treated group in the CCK-octapeptide-induced AP and also reduced the pancreatic levels of COX-2. Furthermore, SC-236 reduced proinflammatory cytokine synthesis and inhibited NF-κB activation compared with the DMSO-treated group in the CCK-octapeptide-induced AP.
CONCLUSION: Our results suggested that COX-2 plays pivotal role in the development of AP and COX-2 inhibitors may play a beneficial role in preventing AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Wan Seo
- Department of Herbology, School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, South Korea
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Letoha T, Kusz E, Pápai G, Szabolcs A, Kaszaki J, Varga I, Takács T, Penke B, Duda E. In vitro and in vivo nuclear factor-kappaB inhibitory effects of the cell-penetrating penetratin peptide. Mol Pharmacol 2006; 69:2027-36. [PMID: 16505157 DOI: 10.1124/mol.105.019653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Penetratin is a cationic cell-penetrating peptide that has been frequently used for the intracellular delivery of polar bioactive compounds. Recent studies have just revealed the major role of polyanionic membrane proteoglycans and cholesterol-enriched lipid rafts in the uptake of the peptide. Both proteoglycans and lipid-rafts influence inflammatory processes by binding a wide array of proinflammatory mediators; thus, we decided to analyze the effect of penetratin on in vitro and in vivo inflammatory responses. Our in vitro luciferase gene assays demonstrated that penetratin decreased transcriptional activity of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-stimulated L929 fibroblasts and lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Penetratin also inhibited TNF-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in human endothelial HMEC-1 cells. Exogenous heparan sulfate abolished the in vitro NF-kappaB inhibitory effects of the peptide. Uptake experiments showed that penetratin was internalized by all of the above-mentioned cell lines in vitro and rapidly entered the cells of the lung and pancreas in vivo. In an in vivo rat model of acute pancreatitis, a disease induced by elevated activities of stress-responsive transcription factors like NF-kappaB, pretreatment with only 2 mg/kg penetratin attenuated the severity of pancreatic inflammation by interfering with IkappaB degradation and subsequent nuclear import of NF-kappaB, inhibiting the expression of proinflammatory genes and improving the monitored laboratory and histological parameters of pancreatitis and associated oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Letoha
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
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14
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Letoha T, Somlai C, Takács T, Szabolcs A, Rakonczay Z, Jármay K, Szalontai T, Varga I, Kaszaki J, Boros I, Duda E, Hackler L, Kurucz I, Penke B. The proteasome inhibitor MG132 protects against acute pancreatitis. Free Radic Biol Med 2005; 39:1142-51. [PMID: 16214030 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2005] [Revised: 06/07/2005] [Accepted: 06/09/2005] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cell-permeant MG132 tripeptide (Z-Leu-Leu-Leu-aldehyde) is a peptide aldehyde proteasome inhibitor that also inhibits other proteases, including calpains and cathepsins. By blocking the proteasome, this tripeptide has been shown to induce the expression of cell-protective heat shock proteins (HSPs) in vitro. Effects of MG132 were studied in an in vivo model of acute pancreatitis. Pancreatitis was induced in male Wistar rats by injecting 2 x 100 microug/kg cholecystokinin octapeptide intraperitoneally (ip) at an interval of 1 h. Pretreating the animals with 10 mg/kg MG132 ip before the induction of pancreatitis significantly inhibited IkappaB degradation and subsequent activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). MG132 also increased HSP72 expression. Induction of HSP72 and inhibition of NF-kappaB improved parameters of acute pancreatitis. Thus MG132 significantly decreased serum amylase, pancreatic weight/body weight ratio, pancreatic myeloperoxidase activity, proinflammatory cytokine concentrations, and the expression of pancreatitis-associated protein. Parameters of oxidative stress (GSH, MDA, SOD, etc.) were improved in both the serum and the pancreas. Histopathological examinations revealed that pancreatic specimens of animals pretreated with the peptide demonstrated milder edema, cellular damage, and inflammatory activity. Our findings show that simultaneous inhibition of calpains, cathepsins, and the proteasome with MG132 prevents the onset of acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Letoha
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
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Borlongan CV, Yu G, Matsukawa N, Xu L, Hess DC, Sanberg PR, Wang Y. Acute functional effects of cyclosporine-A and methylprednisolone treatment in adult rats exposed to transient ischemic stroke. Life Sci 2005; 76:1503-12. [PMID: 15680314 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2004] [Accepted: 09/28/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the neuroprotective effects of immunosuppressant cyclosporine-A (CsA) and anti-inflammatory methylprednisolone (MP) in a stroke model. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were initially subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) then randomly assigned to one of the following treatment conditions: low dose CsA, MP, low dose CsA plus MP, high dose CsA, or vehicle. Ischemic animals that received low dose CsA, MP or vehicle exhibited significant cognitive impairments, as revealed by passive avoidance and Morris water maze tasks, at days 1-3 after stroke. In contrast, ischemic animals that received high dose CsA exhibited near normal cognitive performance throughout the test period. Ischemic animals that received low dose CsA plus MP also showed significantly less cognitive deficits but such attenuation of stroke-induced behavioral impairments was only consistently reflected in the passive avoidance task, while performance in the Morris water maze task deteriorated over time. Histological analysis at 3 days post-stroke revealed that only those ischemic animals treated with high dose CsA had significantly reduced cerebral infarcts. These observations suggest that despite overt cerebral damage, alterations in simple, but not complex, cognitive tasks produced by MCAo could be ameliorated by low dose CsA when combined with MP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesario V Borlongan
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta VAMC, GA 30912, USA.
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Yu G, Hess DC, Borlongan CV. Combined cyclosporine-A and methylprednisolone treatment exerts partial and transient neuroprotection against ischemic stroke. Brain Res 2004; 1018:32-7. [PMID: 15262202 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2004.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the neuroprotective effects of immunosuppressant cyclosporine-A (CsA) and the anti-inflammatory methylprednisolone (MP) in a stroke model. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats underwent middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion then were randomly treated with either: low dose CsA, MP, low dose CsA plus MP, high dose CsA, or vehicle. Ischemic animals that received low dose CsA, MP or vehicle displayed profound motor and neurological impairments at days 1-3 after stroke. In contrast, ischemic animals that received high dose CsA exhibited near normal motor and neurological functions throughout the test period. Of note, ischemic animals that received low dose CsA plus MP showed significantly less motor and neurological deficits at day 1, but thereafter displayed behavioral impairments. Histological analysis at 3 days post-stroke revealed that only those ischemic animals treated with high dose CsA had significantly reduced cerebral infarcts. This study is the first report to demonstrate partial and transient neuroprotection against stroke by low dose CsA when combined with MP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolong Yu
- Research and Affiliations Service Line, VAMC Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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