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Barbosa PGP, Rosse I, Bessa MASEF, Silva DF, Saraiva MAF, Cunha AC, Moraes L, de Carvalho BT, Foulquié-Moreno MR, Thevelein JM, Trópia MJM, Castro IM, Brandão RL. Genomic approachesidentifySTT4 as a new component in glucose-induced activation of yeast plasma membrane H +-ATPase. Cell Calcium 2024; 123:102909. [PMID: 38861767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Many studies have focused on identifying the signaling pathway by which addition of glucose triggers post-translational activation of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase in yeast. They have revealed that calcium signaling is involved in the regulatory pathway, supported for instance by the phenotype of mutants inARG82 that encodes an inositol kinase that phosphorylates inositol triphosphate (IP3). Strong glucose-induced calcium signaling, and high glucose-induced plasma membrane H+-ATPase activation have been observed in a specific yeast strain with the PJ genetic background. In this study, we have applied pooled-segregant whole genome sequencing, QTL analysis and a new bioinformatics methodology for determining SNP frequencies to identify the cause of this discrepancy and possibly new components of the signaling pathway. This has led to the identification of an STT4 allele with 6 missense mutations as a major causative allele, further supported by the observation that deletion of STT4 in the inferior parent caused a similar increase in glucose-induced plasma membrane H+-ATPase activation. However, the effect on calcium signaling was different indicating the presence of additional relevant genetic differences between the superior and reference strains. Our results suggest that phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate might play a role in the glucose-induced activation of plasma membrane H+-ATPase by controlling intracellular calcium release through the modulation of the activity of phospholipase C.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Izinara Rosse
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Farmácia, Escola de Farmácia; Laboratório Multiusuário de Bioinformática, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Débora Faria Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Farmácia, Escola de Farmácia
| | | | - Aureliano Claret Cunha
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Farmácia, Escola de Farmácia
| | - Lauro Moraes
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Farmácia, Escola de Farmácia; Laboratório Multiusuário de Bioinformática, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruna Trindade de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Belgium; Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven-Heverlee, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Maria R Foulquié-Moreno
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Belgium; Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven-Heverlee, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Johan M Thevelein
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Belgium; Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven-Heverlee, Flanders, Belgium
| | | | - Ieso Miranda Castro
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Farmácia, Escola de Farmácia
| | - Rogelio Lopes Brandão
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Farmácia, Escola de Farmácia.
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Deschamps A, Thines L, Colinet AS, Stribny J, Morsomme P. The yeast Gdt1 protein mediates the exchange of H + for Ca 2+ and Mn 2+ influencing the Golgi pH. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104628. [PMID: 36963491 PMCID: PMC10148156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The GDT1 family is broadly spread and highly conserved among living organisms. GDT1 members have functions in key processes like glycosylation in humans and yeasts, and photosynthesis in plants. These functions are mediated by their ability to transport ions. While transport of Ca2+ or Mn2+ is well established for several GDT1 members, their transport mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that H+ ions are transported in exchange for Ca2+ and Mn2+ cations by the Golgi-localized yeast Gdt1 protein. We performed direct transport measurement across a biological membrane by expressing Gdt1p in Lactococcus lactis bacterial cells and by recording either the extracellular pH or the intracellular pH during the application of Ca2+, Mn2+ or H+ gradients. Besides, in vivo cytosolic and Golgi pH measurements were performed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae with genetically encoded pH probes targeted to those subcellular compartments. These data point out that the flow of H+ ions carried by Gdt1p could be reversed according to the physiological conditions. Together, our experiments unravel the influence of the relative concentration gradients for Gdt1p-mediated H+ transport and pave the way to decipher the regulatory mechanisms driving the activity of GDT1 orthologs in various biological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Deschamps
- UCLouvain, Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), Group of Molecular Physiology, Croix du Sud 4-5, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Louise Thines
- UCLouvain, Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), Group of Molecular Physiology, Croix du Sud 4-5, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Anne-Sophie Colinet
- UCLouvain, Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), Group of Molecular Physiology, Croix du Sud 4-5, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jiri Stribny
- UCLouvain, Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), Group of Molecular Physiology, Croix du Sud 4-5, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Pierre Morsomme
- UCLouvain, Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), Group of Molecular Physiology, Croix du Sud 4-5, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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3
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Yang Y, Xie P, Li Y, Bi Y, Prusky DB. Updating Insights into the Regulatory Mechanisms of Calcineurin-Activated Transcription Factor Crz1 in Pathogenic Fungi. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8101082. [PMID: 36294647 PMCID: PMC9604740 DOI: 10.3390/jof8101082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+, as a second messenger in cells, enables organisms to adapt to different environmental stresses by rapidly sensing and responding to external stimuli. In recent years, the Ca2+ mediated calcium signaling pathway has been studied systematically in various mammals and fungi, indicating that the pathway is conserved among organisms. The pathway consists mainly of complex Ca2+ channel proteins, calcium pumps, Ca2+ transporters and many related proteins. Crz1, a transcription factor downstream of the calcium signaling pathway, participates in regulating cell survival, ion homeostasis, infection structure development, cell wall integrity and virulence. This review briefly summarizes the Ca2+ mediated calcium signaling pathway and regulatory roles in plant pathogenic fungi. Based on discussing the structure and localization of transcription factor Crz1, we focus on the regulatory role of Crz1 on growth and development, stress response, pathogenicity of pathogenic fungi and its regulatory mechanisms. Furthermore, we explore the cross-talk between Crz1 and other signaling pathways. Combined with the important role and pathogenic mechanism of Crz1 in fungi, the new strategies in which Crz1 may be used as a target to explore disease control in practice are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Pengdong Xie
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yongcai Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Yang Bi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Dov B. Prusky
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
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Spolaor S, Rovetta M, Nobile MS, Cazzaniga P, Tisi R, Besozzi D. Modeling Calcium Signaling in S. cerevisiae Highlights the Role and Regulation of the Calmodulin-Calcineurin Pathway in Response to Hypotonic Shock. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:856030. [PMID: 35664674 PMCID: PMC9158465 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.856030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium homeostasis and signaling processes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as well as in any eukaryotic organism, depend on various transporters and channels located on both the plasma and intracellular membranes. The activity of these proteins is regulated by a number of feedback mechanisms that act through the calmodulin-calcineurin pathway. When exposed to hypotonic shock (HTS), yeast cells respond with an increased cytosolic calcium transient, which seems to be conditioned by the opening of stretch-activated channels. To better understand the role of each channel and transporter involved in the generation and recovery of the calcium transient—and of their feedback regulations—we defined and analyzed a mathematical model of the calcium signaling response to HTS in yeast cells. The model was validated by comparing the simulation outcomes with calcium concentration variations before and during the HTS response, which were observed experimentally in both wild-type and mutant strains. Our results show that calcium normally enters the cell through the High Affinity Calcium influx System and mechanosensitive channels. The increase of the plasma membrane tension, caused by HTS, boosts the opening probability of mechanosensitive channels. This event causes a sudden calcium pulse that is rapidly dissipated by the activity of the vacuolar transporter Pmc1. According to model simulations, the role of another vacuolar transporter, Vcx1, is instead marginal, unless calcineurin is inhibited or removed. Our results also suggest that the mechanosensitive channels are subject to a calcium-dependent feedback inhibition, possibly involving calmodulin. Noteworthy, the model predictions are in accordance with literature results concerning some aspects of calcium homeostasis and signaling that were not specifically addressed within the model itself, suggesting that it actually depicts all the main cellular components and interactions that constitute the HTS calcium pathway, and thus can correctly reproduce the shaping of the calcium signature by calmodulin- and calcineurin-dependent complex regulations. The model predictions also allowed to provide an interpretation of different regulatory schemes involved in calcium handling in both wild-type and mutants yeast strains. The model could be easily extended to represent different calcium signals in other eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Spolaor
- Department of Informatics, Systems and Communication, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Mattia Rovetta
- Department of Informatics, Systems and Communication, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco S. Nobile
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
- Bicocca Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Bioimaging Centre—B4, Milan, Italy
- SYSBIO/ISBE.IT Centre of Systems Biology, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Cazzaniga
- Bicocca Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Bioimaging Centre—B4, Milan, Italy
- SYSBIO/ISBE.IT Centre of Systems Biology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Renata Tisi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Renata Tisi, ; Daniela Besozzi,
| | - Daniela Besozzi
- Department of Informatics, Systems and Communication, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Bicocca Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Bioimaging Centre—B4, Milan, Italy
- SYSBIO/ISBE.IT Centre of Systems Biology, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Renata Tisi, ; Daniela Besozzi,
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5
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Coordinated glucose-induced Ca 2+ and pH responses in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cell Calcium 2021; 100:102479. [PMID: 34610487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ and pH homeostasis are closely intertwined and this interrelationship is crucial in the cells' ability to adapt to varying environmental conditions. To further understand this Ca2+-pH link, cytosolic Ca2+ was monitored using the aequorin-based bioluminescent assay in parallel with fluorescence reporter-based assays to monitor plasma membrane potentials and intracellular (cytosolic and vacuolar) pH in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. At external pH 5, starved yeast cells displayed depolarized membrane potentials and responded to glucose re-addition with small Ca2+ transients accompanied by cytosolic alkalinization and profound vacuolar acidification. In contrast, starved cells at external pH 7 were hyperpolarized and glucose re-addition induced large Ca2+ transients and vacuolar alkalinization. In external Ca2+-free medium, glucose-induced pH responses were not affected but Ca2+ transients were abolished, indicating that the intracellular [Ca2+] increase was not prerequisite for activation of the two primary proton pumps, being Pma1 at the plasma membrane and the vacuolar and Golgi localized V-ATPases. A reduction in Pma1 expression resulted in membrane depolarization and reduced Ca2+ transients, indicating that the membrane hyperpolarization generated by Pma1 activation governed the Ca2+ influx that is associated with glucose-induced Ca2+ transients. Loss of V-ATPase activity through concanamycin A inhibition did not alter glucose-induced cytosolic pH responses but affected vacuolar pH changes and Ca2+ transients, indicating that the V-ATPase established vacuolar proton gradient is substantial for organelle H+/Ca2+ exchange. Finally, a systematic analysis of yeast deletion strains allowed us to reveal an essential role for both the vacuolar H+/Ca2+ exchanger Vcx1 and the Golgi exchanger Gdt1 in the dissipation of intracellular Ca2+.
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6
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Cytotoxicity of Oleandrin Is Mediated by Calcium Influx and by Increased Manganese Uptake in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184259. [PMID: 32957533 PMCID: PMC7570853 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleandrin, the main component of Nerium oleander L. extracts, is a cardiotoxic glycoside with multiple pharmacological implications, having potential anti-tumoral and antiviral characteristics. Although it is accepted that the main mechanism of oleandrin action is the inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPases and subsequent increase in cell calcium, many aspects which determine oleandrin cytotoxicity remain elusive. In this study, we used the model Saccharomyces cerevisiae to unravel new elements accounting for oleandrin toxicity. Using cells expressing the Ca2+-sensitive photoprotein aequorin, we found that oleandrin exposure resulted in Ca2+ influx into the cytosol and that failing to pump Ca2+ from the cytosol to the vacuole increased oleandrin toxicity. We also found that oleandrin exposure induced Mn2+ accumulation by yeast cells via the plasma membrane Smf1 and that mutants with defects in Mn2+ homeostasis are oleandrin-hypersensitive. Our data suggest that combining oleandrin with agents which alter Ca2+ or Mn2+ uptake may be a way of controlling oleandrin toxicity.
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Milanesi R, Coccetti P, Tripodi F. The Regulatory Role of Key Metabolites in the Control of Cell Signaling. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060862. [PMID: 32516886 PMCID: PMC7356591 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Robust biological systems are able to adapt to internal and environmental perturbations. This is ensured by a thick crosstalk between metabolism and signal transduction pathways, through which cell cycle progression, cell metabolism and growth are coordinated. Although several reports describe the control of cell signaling on metabolism (mainly through transcriptional regulation and post-translational modifications), much fewer information is available on the role of metabolism in the regulation of signal transduction. Protein-metabolite interactions (PMIs) result in the modification of the protein activity due to a conformational change associated with the binding of a small molecule. An increasing amount of evidences highlight the role of metabolites of the central metabolism in the control of the activity of key signaling proteins in different eukaryotic systems. Here we review the known PMIs between primary metabolites and proteins, through which metabolism affects signal transduction pathways controlled by the conserved kinases Snf1/AMPK, Ras/PKA and TORC1. Interestingly, PMIs influence also the mitochondrial retrograde response (RTG) and calcium signaling, clearly demonstrating that the range of this phenomenon is not limited to signaling pathways related to metabolism.
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8
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Callewaert G, D'hooge P, Ma TY, Del Vecchio M, Van Eyck V, Franssens V, Winderickx J. Decreased Vacuolar Ca 2+ Storage and Disrupted Vesicle Trafficking Underlie Alpha-Synuclein-Induced Ca 2+ Dysregulation in S. cerevisiae. Front Genet 2020; 11:266. [PMID: 32457789 PMCID: PMC7225347 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a powerful model to study the molecular mechanisms underlying α-synuclein (α-syn) cytotoxicity. This is due to the high degree of conservation of cellular processes with higher eukaryotes and the fact that yeast does not endogenously express α-synuclein. In this work, we focused specifically on the interplay between α-syn and intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Using temperature-sensitive SEC4 mutants and deletion strains for the vacuolar Ca2+ transporters Pmc1 and Vcx1, together with aequorin-based Ca2+ recordings, we show that overexpression of α-syn shifts the predominant temporal pattern of organellar Ca2+ release from a biphasic to a quasi-monophasic response. Fragmentation and vesiculation of vacuolar membranes in α-syn expressing cells can account for the faster release of vacuolar Ca2+. α-Syn further significantly reduced Ca2+ storage resulting in increased resting cytosolic Ca2+ levels. Overexpression of the vacuolar Ca2+ ATPase Pmc1 in wild-type cells prevented the α-syn-induced increase in resting Ca2+ and was able to restore growth. We propose that α-syn-induced disruptions in Ca2+ signaling might be an important step in initiating cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tien-Yang Ma
- The Yeast Hub Lab, KU Leuven, Kortrijk, Belgium.,Functional Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Mara Del Vecchio
- Functional Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | | | - Vanessa Franssens
- Functional Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Joris Winderickx
- Functional Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
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9
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Rogers RC, Burke SJ, Collier JJ, Ritter S, Hermann GE. Evidence that hindbrain astrocytes in the rat detect low glucose with a glucose transporter 2-phospholipase C-calcium release mechanism. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 318:R38-R48. [PMID: 31596114 PMCID: PMC6985801 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00133.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes generate robust cytoplasmic calcium signals in response to reductions in extracellular glucose. This calcium signal, in turn, drives purinergic gliotransmission, which controls the activity of catecholaminergic (CA) neurons in the hindbrain. These CA neurons are critical to triggering glucose counter-regulatory responses (CRRs) that, ultimately, restore glucose homeostasis via endocrine and behavioral means. Although the astrocyte low-glucose sensor involvement in CRR has been accepted, it is not clear how astrocytes produce an increase in intracellular calcium in response to a decrease in glucose. Our ex vivo calcium imaging studies of hindbrain astrocytes show that the glucose type 2 transporter (GLUT2) is an essential feature of the astrocyte glucosensor mechanism. Coimmunoprecipitation assays reveal that the recombinant GLUT2 binds directly with the recombinant Gq protein subunit that activates phospholipase C (PLC). Additional calcium imaging studies suggest that GLUT2 may be connected to a PLC-endoplasmic reticular-calcium release mechanism, which is amplified by calcium-induced calcium release (CICR). Collectively, these data help outline a potential mechanism used by astrocytes to convert information regarding low-glucose levels into intracellular changes that ultimately regulate the CRR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C. Rogers
- 1Laboratory of Autonomic Neuroscience, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Susan J. Burke
- 2Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - J. Jason Collier
- 3Laboratory of Islet Biology and Inflammation, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Sue Ritter
- 4Department of Veterinary and Comparative Anatomy, Pharmacology and Physiology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Gerlinda E. Hermann
- 1Laboratory of Autonomic Neuroscience, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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10
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Rogers RC, Hermann GE. Hindbrain astrocytes and glucose counter-regulation. Physiol Behav 2019; 204:140-150. [PMID: 30797812 PMCID: PMC7145321 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hindbrain astrocytes are emerging as critical components in the regulation of homeostatic functions by either modulating synaptic activity or serving as primary detectors of physiological parameters. Recent studies have suggested that the glucose counter-regulation response (CRR), a critical defense against hypoglycemic emergencies, is dependent on glucoprivation-sensitive astrocytes in the hindbrain. This subpopulation of astrocytes produces a robust calcium signal in response to glucopenic stimuli. Both ex vivo and in vivo evidence suggest that low-glucose sensitive astrocytes utilize purinergic gliotransmission to activate catecholamine neurons in the hindbrain that are critical to the generation of the integrated CRR. Lastly, reports in the clinical literature suggest that an uncontrolled activation of CRR may as part of the pathology of severe traumatic injury. Work in our laboratory also suggests that this pathological hyperglycemia resulting from traumatic injury may be caused by the action of thrombin (generated by tissue trauma or bleeding) on hindbrain astrocytes. Similar to their glucopenia-sensitive neighbors, these hindbrain astrocytes may trigger hyperglycemic responses by their interactions with catecholaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Rogers
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Gerlinda E Hermann
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
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11
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Manganese Suppresses the Haploinsufficiency of Heterozygous trpy1Δ/TRPY1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cells and Stimulates the TRPY1-Dependent Release of Vacuolar Ca 2+ under H₂O₂ Stress. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020079. [PMID: 30678234 PMCID: PMC6406398 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient potential receptor (TRP) channels are conserved cation channels found in most eukaryotes, known to sense a variety of chemical, thermal or mechanical stimuli. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae TRPY1 is a TRP channel with vacuolar localization involved in the cellular response to hyperosmotic shock and oxidative stress. In this study, we found that S. cerevisiae diploid cells with heterozygous deletion in TRPY1 gene are haploinsufficient when grown in synthetic media deficient in essential metal ions and that this growth defect is alleviated by non-toxic Mn2+ surplus. Using cells expressing the Ca2+-sensitive photoprotein aequorin we found that Mn2+ augmented the Ca2+ flux into the cytosol under oxidative stress, but not under hyperosmotic shock, a trait that was absent in the diploid cells with homozygous deletion of TRPY1 gene. TRPY1 activation under oxidative stress was diminished in cells devoid of Smf1 (the Mn2+-high-affinity plasma membrane transporter) but it was clearly augmented in cells lacking Pmr1 (the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)/Golgi located ATPase responsible for Mn2+ detoxification via excretory pathway). Taken together, these observations lead to the conclusion that increased levels of intracytosolic Mn2+ activate TRPY1 in the response to oxidative stress.
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12
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Phospholipases play multiple cellular roles including growth, stress tolerance, sexual development, and virulence in fungi. Microbiol Res 2018; 209:55-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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13
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Castanheira DD, Santana EP, Godoy-Santos F, Diniz RHS, Faria-Oliveira F, Pereira RR, Trópia MJM, Castro IM, Brandão RL. Lpx1p links glucose-induced calcium signaling and plasma membrane H+-ATPase activation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. FEMS Yeast Res 2018; 18:4643176. [PMID: 29177424 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fox088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In yeast, as in other eukaryotes, calcium plays an essential role in signaling transduction to regulate different processes. Many pieces of evidence suggest that glucose-induced activation of plasma membrane H+-ATPase, essential for yeast physiology, is related to calcium signaling. Until now, no protein that could be regulated by calcium in this context has been identified. Lpx1p, a serine-protease that is also involved in the glucose-induced activation of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase, could be a candidate to respond to intracellular calcium signaling involved in this process. In this work, by using different approaches, we obtained many pieces of evidence suggesting that the requirement of calcium signaling for activation of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase is due to its requirement for activation of Lpx1p. According to the current model, activation of Lpx1p would cause hydrolysis of an acetylated tubulin that maintains the plasma membrane H+-ATPase in an inactive state. Therefore, after its activation, Lpx1p would hydrolyze the acetylated tubulin making the plasma membrane H+-ATPase accessible for phosphorylation by at least one protein kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Dias Castanheira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus do Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG 35.400-000, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Perovano Santana
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus do Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG 35.400-000, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Godoy-Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus do Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG 35.400-000, Brazil
| | - Raphael Hermano Santos Diniz
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus do Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG 35.400-000, Brazil
| | - Fábio Faria-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus do Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG 35.400-000, Brazil
| | - Renata Rebeca Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus do Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG 35.400-000, Brazil
| | - Maria José Magalhães Trópia
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus do Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG 35.400-000, Brazil
| | - Ieso Miranda Castro
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus do Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG 35.400-000, Brazil
| | - Rogelio Lopes Brandão
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus do Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG 35.400-000, Brazil
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14
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Ruta LL, Popa CV, Nicolau I, Farcasanu IC. Calcium signaling and copper toxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:24514-24526. [PMID: 27094270 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6666-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To respond to metal surpluses, cells have developed intricate ways of defense against the excessive metallic ions. To understand the ways in which cells sense the presence of toxic concentration in the environment, the role of Ca2+ in mediating the cell response to high Cu2+ was investigated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. It was found that the cell exposure to high Cu2+ was accompanied by elevations in cytosolic Ca2+ with patterns that were influenced not only by Cu2+ concentration but also by the oxidative state of the cell. When Ca2+ channel deletion mutants were used, it was revealed that the main contributor to the cytosolic Ca2+ pool under Cu2+ stress was the vacuolar Ca2+ channel, Yvc1, also activated by the Cch1-mediated Ca2+ influx. Using yeast mutants defective in the Cu2+ transport across the plasma membrane, it was found that the Cu2+-dependent Ca2+ elevation could correlate not only with the accumulated metal, but also with the overall oxidative status. Moreover, it was revealed that Cu2+ and H2O2 acted in synergy to induce Ca2+-mediated responses to external stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia L Ruta
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Sos. Panduri 90-92, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Claudia V Popa
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Sos. Panduri 90-92, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Nicolau
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Sos. Panduri 90-92, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ileana C Farcasanu
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Sos. Panduri 90-92, Bucharest, Romania.
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Zhu Q, Sun L, Lian J, Gao X, Zhao L, Ding M, Li J, Liang Y. The phospholipase C (FgPLC1) is involved in regulation of development, pathogenicity, and stress responses in Fusarium graminearum. Fungal Genet Biol 2016; 97:1-9. [PMID: 27777035 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase C (PLC) is an important phospholipid hydrolase that plays critical roles in various biological processes in eukaryotic cells. To elucidate the functions of PLC in morphogenesis and pathogenesis in Fusarium graminearum, deletion mutants were constructed of all six FgPLC genes identified in this study. Deletion of FgPLC1, but not the other five FgPLC genes, affected hyphal growth and conidiation. The FgPLC1 deletion mutant (Δplc1) also was defective in conidium germination and germ tube growth. It was sterile in selfing crosses and had increased sensitivities to hyperosmotic and cell wall stresses. The Δplc1 mutant showed reduced DON production and virulence during infection in flowering wheat heads. Deletion of FgPLC1 decreased the phosphorylation levels of both Gpmk1 and Mgv1 MAP kinases. qRT-PCR analysis showed that several genes related to defective phenotypes were down-regulated in the Δplc1 mutant. Taken together, these results indicated that FgPLC1 is important for hyphal growth, plant infection, and sexual or asexual reproduction, and it may be functionally related to MAP kinases in F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qili Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Ling Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Jiajie Lian
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Xuli Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Mingyu Ding
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yuancun Liang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
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16
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Interaction between lanthanide ions and Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. J Biol Inorg Chem 2015; 20:1097-107. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-015-1291-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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D'hooge P, Coun C, Van Eyck V, Faes L, Ghillebert R, Mariën L, Winderickx J, Callewaert G. Ca(2+) homeostasis in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Impact of ER/Golgi Ca(2+) storage. Cell Calcium 2015; 58:226-35. [PMID: 26055636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Yeast has proven to be a powerful tool to elucidate the molecular aspects of several biological processes in higher eukaryotes. As in mammalian cells, yeast intracellular Ca(2+) signalling is crucial for a myriad of biological processes. Yeast cells also bear homologs of the major components of the Ca(2+) signalling toolkit in mammalian cells, including channels, co-transporters and pumps. Using yeast single- and multiple-gene deletion strains of various plasma membrane and organellar Ca(2+) transporters, combined with manipulations to estimate intracellular Ca(2+) storage, we evaluated the contribution of individual transport systems to intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis. Yeast strains lacking Pmr1 and/or Cod1, two ion pumps implicated in ER/Golgi Ca(2+) homeostasis, displayed a fragmented vacuolar phenotype and showed increased vacuolar Ca(2+) uptake and Ca(2+) influx across the plasma membrane. In the pmr1Δ strain, these effects were insensitive to calcineurin activity, independent of Cch1/Mid1 Ca(2+) channels and Pmc1 but required Vcx1. By contrast, in the cod1Δ strain increased vacuolar Ca(2+) uptake was not affected by Vcx1 deletion but was largely dependent on Pmc1 activity. Our analysis further corroborates the distinct roles of Vcx1 and Pmc1 in vacuolar Ca(2+) uptake and point to the existence of not-yet identified Ca(2+) influx pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra D'hooge
- The Yeast Hub Lab, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Catherina Coun
- Functional Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Vincent Van Eyck
- The Yeast Hub Lab, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Faes
- The Yeast Hub Lab, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Ruben Ghillebert
- Functional Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Lore Mariën
- The Yeast Hub Lab, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Joris Winderickx
- Functional Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
| | - Geert Callewaert
- The Yeast Hub Lab, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium.
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Pereira RR, Castanheira D, Teixeira JA, Bouillet LEM, Ribeiro EMC, Trópia MMJ, Alvarez F, Correa LFM, Mota BEF, Conceição LEFR, Castro IM, Brandão RL. Detailed search for protein kinase(s) involved in plasma membrane H+−ATPase activity regulation of yeast cells. FEMS Yeast Res 2015; 15:fov003. [DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fov003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Tisi R, Martegani E, Brandão RL. Monitoring yeast intracellular Ca2+ levels using an in vivo bioluminescence assay. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2015; 2015:210-3. [PMID: 25646494 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot076851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This protocol describes the use of the jellyfish Aequorea victoria aequorin protein to measure Ca(2+) levels in living yeast cells. All yeast strains to be analyzed must express the A. victoria apoprotein of the aequorin calcium biosensor, to be reconstituted into fully active aequorin by association with its cofactor, coelenterazine, which cannot be synthesized by yeast itself. The simplest way to achieve reconstitution is to transform yeast cells with a vector driving apoaequorin expression, and then supply commercially available coelenterazine cofactor in the medium. Coelenterazine is a hydrophobic molecule and is able to permeate yeast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Tisi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Enzo Martegani
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Rogelio L Brandão
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biotecnologia de Leveduras, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus do Morro do Cruzeiro, 35.400-000 Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Rigamonti M, Groppi S, Belotti F, Ambrosini R, Filippi G, Martegani E, Tisi R. Hypotonic stress-induced calcium signaling in Saccharomyces cerevisiae involves TRP-like transporters on the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Cell Calcium 2015; 57:57-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Popa CV, Lungu L, Cristache LF, Ciuculescu C, Danet AF, Farcasanu IC. Heat shock, visible light or high calcium augment the cytotoxic effects ofAilanthus altissima(Swingle) leaf extracts againstSaccharomyces cerevisiaecells. Nat Prod Res 2015; 29:1744-7. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.998215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Walker ME, Nguyen TD, Liccioli T, Schmid F, Kalatzis N, Sundstrom JF, Gardner JM, Jiranek V. Genome-wide identification of the Fermentome; genes required for successful and timely completion of wine-like fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BMC Genomics 2014. [DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-552 and 1880=1880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
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Walker ME, Nguyen TD, Liccioli T, Schmid F, Kalatzis N, Sundstrom JF, Gardner JM, Jiranek V. Genome-wide identification of the Fermentome; genes required for successful and timely completion of wine-like fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BMC Genomics 2014. [DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-552 order by 1-- -] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
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Walker ME, Nguyen TD, Liccioli T, Schmid F, Kalatzis N, Sundstrom JF, Gardner JM, Jiranek V. Genome-wide identification of the Fermentome; genes required for successful and timely completion of wine-like fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BMC Genomics 2014. [DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-552 order by 8029-- -] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
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25
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Walker ME, Nguyen TD, Liccioli T, Schmid F, Kalatzis N, Sundstrom JF, Gardner JM, Jiranek V. Genome-wide identification of the Fermentome; genes required for successful and timely completion of wine-like fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BMC Genomics 2014. [DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-552 order by 8029-- #] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
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26
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Walker ME, Nguyen TD, Liccioli T, Schmid F, Kalatzis N, Sundstrom JF, Gardner JM, Jiranek V. Genome-wide identification of the Fermentome; genes required for successful and timely completion of wine-like fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BMC Genomics 2014. [DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-552 order by 1-- gadu] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
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27
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Walker ME, Nguyen TD, Liccioli T, Schmid F, Kalatzis N, Sundstrom JF, Gardner JM, Jiranek V. Genome-wide identification of the Fermentome; genes required for successful and timely completion of wine-like fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BMC Genomics 2014. [DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-552 order by 1-- #] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
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28
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Walker ME, Nguyen TD, Liccioli T, Schmid F, Kalatzis N, Sundstrom JF, Gardner JM, Jiranek V. Genome-wide identification of the Fermentome; genes required for successful and timely completion of wine-like fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BMC Genomics 2014. [DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-552 order by 8029-- awyx] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
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29
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Almeida MV, César Rosa J, Queirós H, Brandão R, Castro I. Acid stress response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae involves ionic homeostasis and calcium signaling pathway. BMC Proc 2014. [PMCID: PMC4210754 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-8-s4-p193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Engelberg D, Perlman R, Levitzki A. Transmembrane signaling in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model for signaling in metazoans: state of the art after 25 years. Cell Signal 2014; 26:2865-78. [PMID: 25218923 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the very first article that appeared in Cellular Signalling, published in its inaugural issue in October 1989, we reviewed signal transduction pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Although this yeast was already a powerful model organism for the study of cellular processes, it was not yet a valuable instrument for the investigation of signaling cascades. In 1989, therefore, we discussed only two pathways, the Ras/cAMP and the mating (Fus3) signaling cascades. The pivotal findings concerning those pathways undoubtedly contributed to the realization that yeast is a relevant model for understanding signal transduction in higher eukaryotes. Consequently, the last 25 years have witnessed the discovery of many signal transduction pathways in S. cerevisiae, including the high osmotic glycerol (Hog1), Stl2/Mpk1 and Smk1 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways, the TOR, AMPK/Snf1, SPS, PLC1 and Pkr/Gcn2 cascades, and systems that sense and respond to various types of stress. For many cascades, orthologous pathways were identified in mammals following their discovery in yeast. Here we review advances in the understanding of signaling in S. cerevisiae over the last 25 years. When all pathways are analyzed together, some prominent themes emerge. First, wiring of signaling cascades may not be identical in all S. cerevisiae strains, but is probably specific to each genetic background. This situation complicates attempts to decipher and generalize these webs of reactions. Secondly, the Ras/cAMP and the TOR cascades are pivotal pathways that affect all processes of the life of the yeast cell, whereas the yeast MAP kinase pathways are not essential. Yeast cells deficient in all MAP kinases proliferate normally. Another theme is the existence of central molecular hubs, either as single proteins (e.g., Msn2/4, Flo11) or as multisubunit complexes (e.g., TORC1/2), which are controlled by numerous pathways and in turn determine the fate of the cell. It is also apparent that lipid signaling is less developed in yeast than in higher eukaryotes. Finally, feedback regulatory mechanisms seem to be at least as important and powerful as the pathways themselves. In the final chapter of this essay we dare to imagine the essence of our next review on signaling in yeast, to be published on the 50th anniversary of Cellular Signalling in 2039.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Engelberg
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel; CREATE-NUS-HUJ, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammation Programme, National University of Singapore, 1 CREATE Way, Innovation Wing, #03-09, Singapore 138602, Singapore.
| | - Riki Perlman
- Hematology Division, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, POB 12000, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alexander Levitzki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
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Ruta LL, Popa VC, Nicolau I, Danet AF, Iordache V, Neagoe AD, Farcasanu IC. Calcium signaling mediates the response to cadmium toxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:3202-12. [PMID: 25017440 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of Ca(2+) in the response to high Mn(2+), Co(2+), Ni(2+), Cu(2+), Zn(2+), Cd(2+), and Hg(2+) was investigated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The yeast cells responded through a sharp increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) when exposed to Cd(2+), and to a lesser extent to Cu(2+), but not to Mn(2+), Co(2+), Ni(2+), Zn(2+), or Hg(2+). The response to high Cd(2+) depended mainly on external Ca(2+) (transported through the Cch1p/Mid1p channel) but also on vacuolar Ca(2+) (released into the cytosol through the Yvc1p channel). The adaptation to high Cd(2+) was influenced by perturbations in Ca(2+) homeostasis. Thus, the tolerance to Cd(2+) often correlated with sharp Cd(2+)-induced cytosolic Ca(2+) pulses, while the Cd(2+) sensitivity was accompanied by the incapacity to rapidly restore the low cytosolic Ca(2+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia L Ruta
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemistry, Sos. Panduri 90-92, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Valentina C Popa
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemistry, Sos. Panduri 90-92, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Nicolau
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemistry, Sos. Panduri 90-92, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrei F Danet
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemistry, Sos. Panduri 90-92, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Virgil Iordache
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, Spl. Independentei 91-95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aurora D Neagoe
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, Spl. Independentei 91-95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ileana C Farcasanu
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemistry, Sos. Panduri 90-92, 050663 Bucharest, Romania.
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Walker ME, Nguyen TD, Liccioli T, Schmid F, Kalatzis N, Sundstrom JF, Gardner JM, Jiranek V. Genome-wide identification of the Fermentome; genes required for successful and timely completion of wine-like fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:552. [PMID: 24993029 PMCID: PMC4099481 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wine fermentation is a harsh ecological niche to which wine yeast are well adapted. The initial high osmotic pressure and acidity of grape juice is followed by nutrient depletion and increasing concentrations of ethanol as the fermentation progresses. Yeast’s adaptation to these and many other environmental stresses, enables successful completion of high-sugar fermentations. Earlier transcriptomic and growth studies have tentatively identified genes important for high-sugar fermentation. Whilst useful, such studies did not consider extended growth (>5 days) in a temporally dynamic multi-stressor environment such as that found in many industrial fermentation processes. Here, we identify genes whose deletion has minimal or no effect on growth, but results in failure to achieve timely completion of the fermentation of a chemically defined grape juice with 200 g L−1 total sugar. Results Micro- and laboratory-scale experimental fermentations were conducted to identify 72 clones from ~5,100 homozygous diploid single-gene yeast deletants, which exhibited protracted fermentation in a high-sugar medium. Another 21 clones (related by gene function, but initially eliminated from the screen because of possible growth defects) were also included. Clustering and numerical enrichment of genes annotated to specific Gene Ontology (GO) terms highlighted the vacuole’s role in ion homeostasis and pH regulation, through vacuole acidification. Conclusion We have identified 93 genes whose deletion resulted in the duration of fermentation being at least 20% longer than the wild type. An extreme phenotype, ‘stuck’ fermentation, was also observed when DOA4, NPT1, PLC1, PTK2, SIN3, SSQ1, TPS1, TPS2 or ZAP1 were deleted. These 93 Fermentation Essential Genes (FEG) are required to complete an extended high-sugar (wine-like) fermentation. Their importance is highlighted in our Fermentation Relevant Yeast Genes (FRYG) database, generated from literature and the fermentation-relevant phenotypic characteristics of null mutants described in the Saccharomyces Genome Database. The 93-gene set is collectively referred to as the ‘Fermentome’. The fact that 10 genes highlighted in this study have not previously been linked to fermentation-related stresses, supports our experimental rationale. These findings, together with investigations of the genetic diversity of industrial strains, are crucial for understanding the mechanisms behind yeast’s response and adaptation to stresses imposed during high-sugar fermentations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-552) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Vladimir Jiranek
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia.
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Abstract
Yeast cells need to respond to a variety of stresses found in such different conditions as gastrointestinal tract after probiotic ingestion or fermentation vat during ethanol production. In the present study, H+ neutralisation capacity, membrane fatty acid composition, H+-ATPase activity, and cytosolic Ca2+ concentration were evaluated in yeast cells used for probiotic (Saccharomyces boulardii) and laboratory (Saccharomyces cerevisiae W303) purposes, as well as in some W303 mutant strains for ENA1 gene and S. cerevisiae BY4741. Results show that the H+ internal concentration of yeast is regulated by several systems, including the plasma membrane H+-ATPase, and that Ena1p has an important but undefined role in the cellular response to acid. Membrane fatty acid composition of S. cerevisiae W303 strain was affected by exposure to acidic pH, but the presence of 86 mM NaCl prevented this effect, whereas membrane fatty acid composition of S. boulardii was unaffected by acidic pH. We also demonstrated that the acid stress response is dependent on calcium metabolism and blocked by FK 506.
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Abstract
All living organisms require nutrient minerals for growth and have developed mechanisms to acquire, utilize, and store nutrient minerals effectively. In the aqueous cellular environment, these elements exist as charged ions that, together with protons and hydroxide ions, facilitate biochemical reactions and establish the electrochemical gradients across membranes that drive cellular processes such as transport and ATP synthesis. Metal ions serve as essential enzyme cofactors and perform both structural and signaling roles within cells. However, because these ions can also be toxic, cells have developed sophisticated homeostatic mechanisms to regulate their levels and avoid toxicity. Studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have characterized many of the gene products and processes responsible for acquiring, utilizing, storing, and regulating levels of these ions. Findings in this model organism have often allowed the corresponding machinery in humans to be identified and have provided insights into diseases that result from defects in ion homeostasis. This review summarizes our current understanding of how cation balance is achieved and modulated in baker's yeast. Control of intracellular pH is discussed, as well as uptake, storage, and efflux mechanisms for the alkali metal cations, Na(+) and K(+), the divalent cations, Ca(2+) and Mg(2+), and the trace metal ions, Fe(2+), Zn(2+), Cu(2+), and Mn(2+). Signal transduction pathways that are regulated by pH and Ca(2+) are reviewed, as well as the mechanisms that allow cells to maintain appropriate intracellular cation concentrations when challenged by extreme conditions, i.e., either limited availability or toxic levels in the environment.
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Phospholipase C of Cryptococcus neoformans regulates homeostasis and virulence by providing inositol trisphosphate as a substrate for Arg1 kinase. Infect Immun 2013; 81:1245-55. [PMID: 23381992 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01421-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase C (PLC) of Cryptococcus neoformans (CnPlc1) is crucial for virulence of this fungal pathogen. To investigate the mechanism of CnPlc1-mediated signaling, we established that phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)) is a major CnPlc1 substrate, which is hydrolyzed to produce inositol trisphosphate (IP(3)). In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Plc1-derived IP(3) is a substrate for the inositol polyphosphate kinase Arg82, which converts IP(3) to more complex inositol polyphosphates. In this study, we show that in C. neoformans, the enzyme encoded by ARG1 is the major IP(3) kinase, and we further demonstrate that catalytic activity of Arg1 is essential for cellular homeostasis and virulence in the Galleria mellonella infection model. IP(3) content was reduced in the CnΔplc1 mutant and markedly increased in the CnΔarg1 mutant, while PIP(2) was increased in both mutants. The CnΔplc1 and CnΔarg1 mutants shared significant phenotypic similarity, including impaired thermotolerance, compromised cell walls, reduced capsule production and melanization, defective cell separation, and the inability to form mating filaments. In contrast to the S. cerevisiae ARG82 deletion mutant (ScΔarg82) strain, the CnΔarg1 mutant exhibited dramatically enlarged vacuoles indicative of excessive vacuolar fusion. In mammalian cells, PLC-derived IP(3) causes Ca(2+) release and calcineurin activation. Our data show that, unlike mammalian PLCs, CnPlc1 does not contribute significantly to calcineurin activation. Collectively, our findings provide the first evidence that the inositol polyphosphate anabolic pathway is essential for virulence of C. neoformans and further show that production of IP(3) as a precursor for synthesis of more complex inositol polyphosphates is the key biochemical function of CnPlc1.
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Bouillet L, Cardoso A, Perovano E, Pereira R, Ribeiro E, Trópia M, Fietto L, Tisi R, Martegani E, Castro I, Brandão R. The involvement of calcium carriers and of the vacuole in the glucose-induced calcium signaling and activation of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. Cell Calcium 2012; 51:72-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Glucose-induced calcium influx in budding yeast involves a novel calcium transport system and can activate calcineurin. Cell Calcium 2011; 49:376-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Cunningham KW. Acidic calcium stores of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cell Calcium 2011; 50:129-38. [PMID: 21377728 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2011.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fungi and animals constitute sister kingdoms in the eukaryotic domain of life. The major classes of transporters, channels, sensors, and effectors that move and respond to calcium ions were already highly networked in the common ancestor of fungi and animals. Since that time, some key components of the network have been moved, altered, relocalized, lost, or duplicated in the fungal and animal lineages and at the same time some of the regulatory circuitry has been dramatically rewired. Today the calcium transport and signaling networks in fungi provide a fresh perspective on the scene that has emerged from studies of the network in animal cells. This review provides an overview of calcium signaling networks in fungi, particularly the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with special attention to the dominant roles of acidic calcium stores in fungal cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle W Cunningham
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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Christen S, Sauer U. Intracellular characterization of aerobic glucose metabolism in seven yeast species by 13C flux analysis and metabolomics. FEMS Yeast Res 2011; 11:263-72. [PMID: 21205161 DOI: 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2010.00713.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Key distinguishing characteristics of yeast glucose metabolism are the relative proportions of fermentation and respiration. Crabtree-positive yeast species exhibit a respirofermentative metabolism, whereas aerobic species respire fully without secretion of fermentation byproducts. Physiological data suggest a gradual transition in different species between these two states. Here, we investigate whether this gradual transition also occurs at the intracellular level by quantifying the intracellular metabolism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces bayanus, Saccharomyces exiguus, Kluyveromyces thermotolerans, Yarrowia lipolytica, Pichia angusta and Candida rugosa by (13)C-flux analysis and metabolomics. Different from the extracellular physiology, the intracellular fluxes through the tricarboxylic acid cycle fall into two classes where the aerobic species exhibit much higher respiratory fluxes at otherwise similar glycolytic fluxes. More generally, we found the intracellular metabolite concentrations to be primarily species-specific. The sole exception of a metabolite-flux correlation in a species-overarching manner was found for fructose-1,6-bisphosphate and dihydroxyacetone-phosphate, indicating a conservation of the functional properties around these two metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Christen
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Choi J, Kim KS, Rho HS, Lee YH. Differential roles of the phospholipase C genes in fungal development and pathogenicity of Magnaporthe oryzae. Fungal Genet Biol 2011; 48:445-55. [PMID: 21237279 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Calcium plays a critical role in a variety of cellular processes in cells. However, relatively little is known about the biological effects of Ca²+ signaling on morphogenesis and pathogenesis in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae compared to other signaling pathways. We have previously demonstrated that MoPLC1-mediated calcium regulation is important for infection-related development and pathogenicity in M. oryzae. In the present study, four genes encoding phospholipase C (PLC) isozymes (MoPLC2 to MoPLC5), which differ from MoPLC1 in their domain organization, were additionally identified. The C2 domain involved in Ca²+-dependent membrane binding is found only in MoPLC2 and MoPLC3. Detailed functional analysis using deletion mutants for MoPLC2 and MoPLC3 indicated that MoPLC2 and MoPLC3 play essential roles in development. The two deletion mutants for MoPLC2 and MoPLC3 showed reduced conidiation and a defect in appressorium-mediated penetration. Reintroduction of the genes restored defects of ΔMoplc2 and ΔMoplc3. Notably, ΔMoplc2 and ΔMoplc3 mutants developed multiple appressoria on separate germ tubes of a conidium, indicating that MoPLC2- and MoPLC3-regulated signaling suppresses a feedback loop of a pathway for appressorial development. The similarity in phenotypic defects between the two mutants indicates that both MoPLC2 and MoPLC3 are important for regulation of appropriate levels of signaling molecules in a similar manner. Comparative analysis indicated that the two MoPLCs-mediated signaling pathways have interrelated, but distinct, roles in the development of M. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhee Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Fungal Genetic Resources, and Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
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Nilsson D, Sunnerhagen P. Cellular stress induces cytoplasmic RNA granules in fission yeast. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2011; 17:120-33. [PMID: 21098141 PMCID: PMC3004053 DOI: 10.1261/rna.2268111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Severe stress causes plant and animal cells to form large cytoplasmic granules containing RNA and proteins. Here, we demonstrate the existence of stress-induced cytoplasmic RNA granules in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Homologs to several known protein components of mammalian processing bodies and stress granules are found in fission yeast RNA granules. In contrast to mammalian cells, poly(A)-binding protein (Pabp) colocalizes in stress-induced granules with decapping protein. After glucose deprivation, protein kinase A (PKA) is required for accumulation of Pabp-positive granules and translational down-regulation. This is the first demonstration of a role for PKA in RNA granule formation. In mammals, the translation initiation protein eIF2α is a key regulator of formation of granules containing poly(A)-binding protein. In S. pombe, nonphosphorylatable eIF2α does not block but delays granule formation and subsequent clearance after exposure to hyperosmosis. At least two separate pathways in S. pombe appear to regulate stress-induced granules: pka1 mutants are fully proficient to form granules after hyperosmotic shock; conversely, eIF2α does not affect granule formation in glucose starvation. Further, we demonstrate a Pka1-dependent link between calcium perturbation and RNA granules, which has not been described earlier in any organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nilsson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Lundberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
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Popa CV, Dumitru I, Ruta LL, Danet AF, Farcasanu IC. Exogenous oxidative stress induces Ca2+ release in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS J 2010; 277:4027-38. [PMID: 20735472 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07794.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The Ca(2+) -dependent response to oxidative stress caused by H(2)O(2) or tert-butylhydroperoxide (tBOOH) was investigated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells expressing transgenic cytosolic aequorin, a Ca(2+) -dependent photoprotein. Both H(2)O(2) and tBOOH induced an immediate and short-duration cytosolic Ca(2+) increase that depended on the concentration of the stressors. Sublethal doses of H(2)O(2) induced Ca(2+) entry into the cytosol from both extracellular and vacuolar sources, whereas lethal H(2)O(2) shock mobilized predominantly the vacuolar Ca(2+). Sublethal and lethal tBOOH shocks induced mainly the influx of external Ca(2+), accompanied by a more modest vacuolar contribution. Ca(2+) transport across the plasma membrane did not necessarily involve the activity of the Cch1p/Mid1p channel, whereas the release of vacuolar Ca(2+) into the cytosol required the vacuolar channel Yvc1p. In mutants lacking the Ca(2+) transporters, H(2)O(2) or tBOOH sensitivity correlated with cytosolic Ca(2+) overload. Thus, it appears that under H(2)O(2)-induced or tBOOH-induced oxidative stress, Ca(2+) mediates the cytotoxic effect of the stressors and not the adaptation process.
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Tumor cell energy metabolism and its common features with yeast metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2009; 1796:252-65. [PMID: 19682552 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2009.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Revised: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 07/31/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
During the last decades a considerable amount of research has been focused on cancer. A number of genetic and signaling defects have been identified. This has allowed the design and screening of a number of anti-tumor drugs for therapeutic use. One of the main challenges of anti-cancer therapy is to specifically target these drugs to malignant cells. Recently, tumor cell metabolism has been considered as a possible target for cancer therapy. It is widely accepted that tumors display an enhanced glycolytic activity and oxidative phosphorylation down-regulation (Warburg effect). Therefore, it seems reasonable that disruption of glycolysis might be a promising candidate for specific anti-cancer therapy. Nonetheless, the concept of aerobic glycolysis as the paradigm of tumor cell metabolism has been challenged, as some tumor cells use oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondria are of special interest in cancer cell energy metabolism, as their physiology is linked to the Warburg effect. Besides, their central role in apoptosis makes these organelles a promising "dual hit target" for selectively eliminate tumor cells. Thus, it is desirable to have an easy-to-use and reliable model in order to do the screening for energy metabolism-inhibiting drugs to be used in cancer therapy. From a metabolic point of view, the fermenting yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and tumor cells share several features. In this paper we will review these common metabolic properties and we will discuss the possibility of using S. cerevisiae as an early screening test in the research for novel anti-tumor compounds used for the inhibition of tumor cell metabolism.
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Díaz-Ruiz R, Avéret N, Araiza D, Pinson B, Uribe-Carvajal S, Devin A, Rigoulet M. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is regulated by fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. A possible role in Crabtree effect induction? J Biol Chem 2008; 283:26948-55. [PMID: 18682403 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m800408200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In numerous cell types, tumoral cells, proliferating cells, bacteria, and yeast, respiration is inhibited when high concentrations of glucose are added to the culture medium. This phenomenon has been named the "Crabtree effect." We used yeast to investigate (i) the short term event(s) associated with the Crabtree effect and (ii) a putative role of hexose phosphates in the inhibition of respiration. Indeed, yeast divide into "Crabtree-positive," where the Crabtree effect occurs, and "Crabtree-negative," where it does not. In mitochondria isolated from these two categories of yeast, we found that low, physiological concentrations of glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate slightly (20%) stimulated the respiratory flux and that this effect was strongly antagonized by fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (F16bP). On the other hand, F16bP by itself was able to inhibit mitochondrial respiration only in mitochondria isolated from a Crabtree-positive strain. Using permeabilized spheroplasts from Crabtree-positive yeast, we have shown that the sole effect observed at physiological concentrations of hexose phosphates is an inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation by F16bP. This F16bP-mediated inhibition was also observed in isolated rat liver mitochondria, extending this process to mammalian cells. From these results and taking into account that F16bP is able to accumulate in the cell cytoplasm, we propose that F16bP regulates oxidative phosphorylation and thus participates in the establishment of the Crabtree effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Díaz-Ruiz
- Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux cedex, France
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Abstract
In the presence of glucose, yeast undergoes an important remodelling of its metabolism. There are changes in the concentration of intracellular metabolites and in the stability of proteins and mRNAs; modifications occur in the activity of enzymes as well as in the rate of transcription of a large number of genes, some of the genes being induced while others are repressed. Diverse combinations of input signals are required for glucose regulation of gene expression and of other cellular processes. This review focuses on the early elements in glucose signalling and discusses their relevance for the regulation of specific processes. Glucose sensing involves the plasma membrane proteins Snf3, Rgt2 and Gpr1 and the glucose-phosphorylating enzyme Hxk2, as well as other regulatory elements whose functions are still incompletely understood. The similarities and differences in the way in which yeasts and mammalian cells respond to glucose are also examined. It is shown that in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, sensing systems for other nutrients share some of the characteristics of the glucose-sensing pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juana M Gancedo
- Department of Metabolism and Cell Signalling, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.
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Traba J, Froschauer EM, Wiesenberger G, Satrústegui J, Del Arco A. Yeast mitochondria import ATP through the calcium-dependent ATP-Mg/Pi carrier Sal1p, and are ATP consumers during aerobic growth in glucose. Mol Microbiol 2008; 69:570-85. [PMID: 18485069 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06300.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sal1p, a novel Ca2+-dependent ATP-Mg/Pi carrier, is essential in yeast lacking all adenine nucleotide translocases. By targeting luciferase to the mitochondrial matrix to monitor mitochondrial ATP levels, we show in isolated mitochondria that both ATP-Mg and free ADP are taken up by Sal1p with a K(m) of 0.20 +/- 0.03 mM and 0.28 +/- 0.06 mM respectively. Nucleotide transport along Sal1p is strictly Ca2+ dependent. Ca2+ increases the V(max) with a S(0.5) of 15 muM, and no changes in the K(m) for ATP-Mg. Glucose sensing in yeast generates Ca2+ transients involving Ca2+ influx from the external medium. We find that carbon-deprived cells respond to glucose with an immediate increase in mitochondrial ATP levels which is not observed in the presence of EGTA or in Sal1p-deficient cells. Moreover, we now report that during normal aerobic growth on glucose, yeast mitochondria import ATP from the cytosol and hydrolyse it through H+-ATP synthase. We identify two pathways for ATP uptake in mitochondria, the ADP/ATP carriers and Sal1p. Thus, during exponential growth on glucose, mitochondria are ATP consumers, as those from cells growing in anaerobic conditions or deprived of mitochondrial DNA which depend on cytosolic ATP and mitochondrial ATPase working in reverse to generate a mitochondrial membrane potential. In conclusion, the results show that growth on glucose requires ATP hydrolysis in mitochondria and recruits Sal1p as a Ca2+-dependent mechanism to import ATP-Mg from the cytosol. Whether this mechanism is used under similar settings in higher eukaryotes is an open question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Traba
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa UAM-CSIC, CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
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47
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Pereira MB, Tisi R, Fietto LG, Cardoso AS, França MM, Carvalho FM, Trópia MJM, Martegani E, Castro IM, Brandão RL. Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone induced calcium signaling and activation of plasma membrane H+-ATPase in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Yeast Res 2008; 8:622-30. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2008.00380.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Schumacher J, Viaud M, Simon A, Tudzynski B. The Gα subunit BCG1, the phospholipase C (BcPLC1) and the calcineurin phosphatase co-ordinately regulate gene expression in the grey mould fungus Botrytis cinerea. Mol Microbiol 2008; 67:1027-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06105.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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49
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Peiter E, Sun J, Heckmann AB, Venkateshwaran M, Riely BK, Otegui MS, Edwards A, Freshour G, Hahn MG, Cook DR, Sanders D, Oldroyd GED, Downie JA, Ané JM. The Medicago truncatula DMI1 protein modulates cytosolic calcium signaling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2007; 145:192-203. [PMID: 17631529 PMCID: PMC1976572 DOI: 10.1104/pp.107.097261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In addition to establishing symbiotic relationships with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, legumes also enter into a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with rhizobial bacteria that results in the formation of root nodules. Several genes involved in the development of both arbuscular mycorrhiza and legume nodulation have been cloned in model legumes. Among them, Medicago truncatula DMI1 (DOESN'T MAKE INFECTIONS1) is required for the generation of nucleus-associated calcium spikes in response to the rhizobial signaling molecule Nod factor. DMI1 encodes a membrane protein with striking similarities to the Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum potassium channel (MthK). The cytosolic C terminus of DMI1 contains a RCK (regulator of the conductance of K(+)) domain that in MthK acts as a calcium-regulated gating ring controlling the activity of the channel. Here we show that a dmi1 mutant lacking the entire C terminus acts as a dominant-negative allele interfering with the formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules and abolishing the induction of calcium spikes by the G-protein agonist Mastoparan. Using both the full-length DMI1 and this dominant-negative mutant protein we show that DMI1 increases the sensitivity of a sodium- and lithium-hypersensitive yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) mutant toward those ions and that the C-terminal domain plays a central role in regulating this response. We also show that DMI1 greatly reduces the release of calcium from internal stores in yeast, while the dominant-negative allele appears to have the opposite effect. This work suggests that DMI1 is not directly responsible for Nod factor-induced calcium changes, but does have the capacity to regulate calcium channels in both yeast and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Peiter
- Biology Department, University of York, York, United Kingdom
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50
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Satrústegui J, Pardo B, Del Arco A. Mitochondrial Transporters as Novel Targets for Intracellular Calcium Signaling. Physiol Rev 2007; 87:29-67. [PMID: 17237342 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00005.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+signaling in mitochondria is important to tune mitochondrial function to a variety of extracellular stimuli. The main mechanism is Ca2+entry in mitochondria via the Ca2+uniporter followed by Ca2+activation of three dehydrogenases in the mitochondrial matrix. This results in increases in mitochondrial NADH/NAD ratios and ATP levels and increased substrate uptake by mitochondria. We review evidence gathered more than 20 years ago and recent work indicating that substrate uptake, mitochondrial NADH/NAD ratios, and ATP levels may be also activated in response to cytosolic Ca2+signals via a mechanism that does not require the entry of Ca2+in mitochondria, a mechanism depending on the activity of Ca2+-dependent mitochondrial carriers (CaMC). CaMCs fall into two groups, the aspartate-glutamate carriers (AGC) and the ATP-Mg/Picarriers, also named SCaMC (for short CaMC). The two mammalian AGCs, aralar and citrin, are members of the malate-aspartate NADH shuttle, and citrin, the liver AGC, is also a member of the urea cycle. Both types of CaMCs are activated by Ca2+in the intermembrane space and function together with the Ca2+uniporter in decoding the Ca2+signal into a mitochondrial response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorgina Satrústegui
- Departamento de Biología Molecular Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" UAM-CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain.
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