Antiinflammatory and antinociceptive activities of some benzotriazolylalkanoic acids

Design, Synthesis, Molecular Docking, and In Vitro Antibacterial Evaluation of Benzotriazole-Based β-Amino Alcohols and Their Corresponding 1,3-Oxazolidines

In the present study, a series of benzotriazole-based β-amino alcohols were efficiently synthesized in excellent yields via aminolysis of benzotriazolated epoxides under catalyst- and solvent-free conditions. Further these β-amino alcohols were successfully utilized to synthesize the corresponding benzotriazole-based oxazolidine heterocyclic derivatives. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques such as 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectroscopy for structure elucidation. The compounds were subjected to a microtiter plate-based antimicrobial assay. The antimicrobial activity results reveal that the compounds 4a, 4e, and 5f were found to be active against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC-25923) with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 32, 8, and 64 μM, respectively. Also, the compounds 4a, 4e, 4k, 4i, 4m, 4n, 4o, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, and 5h showed effective activity against Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633) with MICs of 64, 16, 16, 16, 64, 16, 64, 64, 32, 64, 8, and 16 μM, respectively. A biological investigation was conducted, including molecular docking of two compounds with several receptors to identify and confirm the best ligand-protein interactions. Hence, this study found a significant strategy to diversify the chemical molecules. The synthesized compounds play a potential role as an antibacterial intensifier against some pathogenic bacteria for the development of antibacterial substances.

Benzotriazole: An overview on its versatile biological behavior

Discovered in late 1960, azoles are heterocyclic compounds class which constitute the largest group of available antifungal drugs. Particularly, the imidazole ring is the chemical component that confers activity to azoles. Triazoles are obtained by a slight modification of this ring and similar or improved activities as well as less adverse effects are reported for triazole derivatives. Consequently, it is not surprising that benzimidazole/benzotriazole derivatives have been found to be biologically active. Since benzimidazole has been widely investigated, this review is focused on defining the place of benzotriazole derivatives in biomedical research, highlighting their versatile biological properties, the mode of action and Structure Activity Relationship (SAR) studies for a variety of antimicrobial, antiparasitic, and even antitumor, choleretic, cholesterol-lowering agents.

Discovery of 1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-yl 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate as a potential antiproliferative agent by inhibiting histone deacetylase

Twenty-one benzotriazoles (3-16 and 18-24) were synthesized and half of them (5, 8-16, 20, and 21) were reported for the first time. Their antiproliferative activities against three human cancer cells were assayed. It revealed that 1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-yl 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate (9) showed considerable activity against three human cancer cell lines with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) values of 1.2-2.4 nM, which were close to the value of the positive control, doxorubicin. Further investigation indicated compound 9 was a potential histone deacetylase inhibitor (IC(50)=9.4 μM) and its binding mode was simulated using docking method.

1,2,3-Triazoles

Rapid progress in the synthetic application of benzotriazole derivatives in the last 20 years has resulted in over 1000 scientific papers on the subject. This fact is reflected in Section 5.01.7, which involves almost a half of the volume of this chapter. The section is arranged according to hybridization of the C-α atom and atomic numbers of the atoms in positions β and γ to allow an easy access to the material of interest. Recent discovery of copper catalysis in [3+2] cycloadditions of azides to acetylenes, the so-called ‘click chemistry’, which boosted application of the 1,2,3-triazole derivatives, especially in medicinal chemistry, is presented in Section 5.01.9. From the point of view of practical applications, Section 5.01.11 is organized according to the number, position, and combination of the substituents at the aromatic rings. Another novel feature that has no precedence in the previous editions of Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry is an addition of triazole and benzotriazole complexes with various transitions metals to Section 5.01.4.

Synthesis, anticonvulsant, and anti-inflammatory evaluation of some new benzotriazole and benzofuran-based heterocycles

Treatment of 2-bromoacetylbenzofuran with 1H-benzotriazole afforded 1-(benzofuran-2-yl)-2-(benzotriazol-1-yl)ethanone which reacted with phenylisothiocyanate to give the corresponding thioacetanilide derivatives. Treatment of the latter ethanone and thioacetanilide derivatives with hydrazonoyl chlorides afforded the corresponding pyrazole and 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives. The thioacetanilide derivative reacted with alpha-haloketones and alpha-halodiketones to afford thiophene and thiazole derivatives, respectively. The newly synthesized compounds were found to possess anticonvulsant and anti-inflammatory activities with the same mechanism of action of selective COX-2 inhibitors.