1
|
Zuvela E, Matson P. Effect of the technical variability of counting chambers upon the interpretation of sperm concentration results. Reprod Biomed Online 2024; 48:103777. [PMID: 38460281 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2023.103777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Does the choice of sperm-counting chamber affect the proportion of samples generating results with an erroneous interpretation? DESIGN Laboratories in an external quality assurance programme were sent 141 semen samples over a 12-year period and asked to return the sperm concentration and whether or not the result was abnormal. Only those using 5th edition of the World Health Organization manual (WHO5) interpretation criteria were included. Submissions from specialist fertility laboratories were used to calculate assigned values for each sample. Laboratory50 values determined the sperm concentration at which the laboratories reported a majority transition from abnormal to normal interpretations, i.e. the tipping point, which should coincide with the lower reference limit. RESULTS The median and range of bias from the assigned values of each sample were determined for the Makler (-3.3%; -88.6% to +332.8%), haemocytometer (10.6%; -93.3% to +645.5%), Kova (+65.3%; -71.7% to +581.8%) and Vetriplast (+72.4%; -100.0% to +709.1) chambers. Laboratory50 values for the Makler (17.3 × 106/ml), haemocytometer (13.6 × 106/ml), Kova (10.0 × 106/ml) and Vetriplast chambers (8.8 × 106/ml) reflected the under- and overestimation of the chambers and confirmed a shift in the adjusted lower reference limit then used. The proportion of laboratories reporting erroneous interpretations of the four chambers for oligozoospermic samples were 10.9%, 15.1.%, 40.1% and 44.0%, respectively, and rose as the adjusted lower reference limit decreased. CONCLUSIONS The between-laboratory and within-sample variation for all the chambers was high and remains a concern. The main impact of an increasing bias of the chambers was a lowering of the laboratory50 tipping point, resulting in an under-reporting of abnormal semen samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Zuvela
- External Quality Assurance Schemes for Reproductive Medicine, Northlands, Western Australia, Australia.; City Fertility Perth (formerly Fertility Specialists of WA), Claremont and Applecross, Perth, Western Australia..
| | - Phillip Matson
- External Quality Assurance Schemes for Reproductive Medicine, Northlands, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Akal E. Evaluation of sperm counting accuracy on computer-assisted sperm analysis with GoldCyto® slides and glass slides. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1283128. [PMID: 37876632 PMCID: PMC10591095 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1283128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, various counting chambers and computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) devices are in use. The semen's concentration can vary depending on the depth of the counting chamber and how it is loaded. The study's objectives were to analyze the effects of various counting chambers on semen concentration results using a GoldCyto® slide and a glass slide in the CASA system and to ascertain the precision of concentration measurements made using glass slides on CASA. The study's control group was composed of samples with known concentrations (72-80 million sperm/mL) as determined by a spectrophotometer. A total of 21 frozen straws from the same bull of the same date were thawed at 37°C for 30 s and loaded into two different sperm-counting chambers (GoldCyto® slide and glass slide). The sample semen placed in the sperm counting chambers was 5 μL and the same value was entered in the CASA software as 5 μL. Measurements were done and evaluated in 5 different areas. According to the data we obtained, using the glass slide were statistically lower than the spectrophotometer (p < 0.001). GoldCyto® slide results were consistent with spectrophotometer results. Consequently, measurements with GoldCyto® slides in the CASA had consistent results, while measurements with glass slides were inconsistent. It was concluded that GoldCyto® slides are more suitable than glass slides in the concentration examinations of semen. Therefore, more study is needed to optimize the use of glass slides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eser Akal
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhu R, Cui Y, Huang J, Hou E, Zhao J, Zhou Z, Li H. YOLOv5s-SA: Light-Weighted and Improved YOLOv5s for Sperm Detection. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13061100. [PMID: 36980408 PMCID: PMC10047898 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13061100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sperm detection performance is particularly critical for sperm motility tracking. However, there are a large number of non-sperm objects, sperm occlusion and poorly detailed texture features in semen images, which directly affect the accuracy of sperm detection. To solve the problem of false detection and missed detection in sperm detection, a multi-sperm target detection model, Yolov5s-SA, with an SA attention mechanism is proposed based on the YOLOv5s algorithm. Firstly, a depthwise, separable convolution structure is used to replace the partial convolution of the backbone network, which can ensure stable precision and reduce the number of model parameters. Secondly, a new multi-scale feature fusion module is designed to enhance the perception of feature information to supplement the positional information and high-resolution of the deep feature map. Finally, the SA attention mechanism is integrated into the neck network before the output of the feature map to enhance the correlation between the feature map channels and improve the fine-grained feature fusion ability of YOLOv5s. Experimental results show that compared with various YOLO algorithms, the proposed algorithm improves the detection accuracy and speed to a certain extent. Compared with the YOLOv3, YOLOv3-spp, YOLOv5s and YOLOv5m models, the average accuracy increases by 18.1%, 15.2%, 6.9% and 1.9%, respectively. It can effectively reduce the missed detection of occluded sperm and achieve lightweight and efficient multi-sperm target detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronghua Zhu
- School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Yansong Cui
- School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Jianming Huang
- School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Enyu Hou
- SAS Medical Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Changping District, Beijing 102200, China
| | - Jiayu Zhao
- School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Zhilin Zhou
- School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Hao Li
- School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
El-Sherbiny HR, Abdelnaby EA, El-Shahat KH, Salem NY, Ramadan ES, Yehia SG, Fathi M. Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation enhances testicular volume and hemodynamics, reproductive hormones, sperm quality, and seminal antioxidant capacity in goat bucks under summer hot humid conditions. Vet Res Commun 2022; 46:1245-1257. [PMID: 36048337 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09991-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is brought on by heat stress (HS), which weakens antioxidant defense and initiates OS. Since mitochondria are the primary source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), HS-mediated OS may be lessened by targeting mitochondria with particular antioxidants. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of oral coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation on the reproductive performance of goat bucks under HS conditions. Ten mature bucks were randomly separated into two groups and housed in an environment with a high-temperature humidity index (THI: 88.3 to 94.8; summer season). The first group (n = 5) got the baseline diet while the second group (n = 5) received supplemental oral CoQ10 (3 mg/kg BW; CoQ10 group) daily for six weeks. Testicular blood flow parameters (TBF), testicular volume (TV) and echogenicity (TE), nitric oxide (NO), seminal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and catalase (CAT) activities, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and semen quality traits were all measured. The examinations started a week before (W-1), on the first supplementation day (W0), and weekly for eight consecutive weeks (W1-W8). There were marked (P < 0.05) increases in TBF (W3-W6) and TV, and a decrease in TE (W3-W5) in the CoQ10 group compared to the CON group. Similarly, testosterone (T) and NO levels (W3-W5) in the CoQ10 group were higher (P < 0.05) than those of the control group. The CoQ10 group demonstrated significant (P < 0.05) increases in seminal CAT (W4-W8) and TAC (W2-W6) activities and decreases in ALT (W4-W7) activity and MDA (W5-W8) concentration as compared to the control group. The CoQ10 group showed improvements (P < 0.05) at W3-W6 for sperm progressive motility, viability, and normal morphology and at W6-W8 for sperm concentration. In conclusion, oral CoQ10 supplementation improved testicular hemodynamics, testosterone production, semen quality, and antioxidant capacity in goat bucks during summer heat stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossam R El-Sherbiny
- Theriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza square, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Elshymaa A Abdelnaby
- Theriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza square, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - K H El-Shahat
- Theriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza square, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Noha Y Salem
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman S Ramadan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shimaa G Yehia
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Fathi
- Theriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza square, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tanga BM, Qamar AY, Raza S, Bang S, Fang X, Yoon K, Cho J. Semen evaluation: methodological advancements in sperm quality-specific fertility assessment - A review. Anim Biosci 2021; 34:1253-1270. [PMID: 33902175 PMCID: PMC8255896 DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessment of male fertility is based on the evaluation of sperm. Semen evaluation measures various sperm quality parameters as fertility indicators. However, semen evaluation has limitations, and it requires the advancement and application of strict quality control methods to interpret the results. This article reviews the recent advances in evaluating various sperm-specific quality characteristics and methodologies, with the help of different assays to assess sperm-fertility status. Sperm evaluation methods that include conventional microscopic methods, computer-assisted sperm analyzers (CASA), and flow cytometric analysis, provide precise information related to sperm morphology and function. Moreover, profiling fertility-related biomarkers in sperm or seminal plasma can be helpful in predicting fertility. Identification of different sperm proteins and diagnosis of DNA damage has positively contributed to the existing pool of knowledge about sperm physiology and molecular anomalies associated with different infertility issues in males. Advances in methods and sperm-specific evaluation has subsequently resulted in a better understanding of sperm biology that has improved the diagnosis and clinical management of male factor infertility. Accurate sperm evaluation is of paramount importance in the application of artificial insemination and assisted reproductive technology. However, no single test can precisely determine fertility; the selection of an appropriate test or a set of tests and parameters is required to accurately determine the fertility of specific animal species. Therefore, a need to further calibrate the CASA and advance the gene expression tests is recommended for faster and field-level applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bereket Molla Tanga
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hawassa University, 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Ahmad Yar Qamar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang 35200, Sub-campus University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sanan Raza
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang 35200, Sub-campus University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang 35200, Sub-campus University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, PakistanDepartment of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin 09016, Turkey
| | - Seonggyu Bang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Xun Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Kiyoung Yoon
- Department of Companion Animal, Shingu College, Seongnam 13174, Korea
| | - Jongki Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Performance of four chambers to measure sperm concentration: results from an external quality assurance programme. Reprod Biomed Online 2020; 41:671-678. [PMID: 32843307 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION What are the changes in the use of four types of counting chambers by laboratories enrolled in an Australian-based external quality assurance programme, and what are their accuracy and precision? DESIGN Samples of latex beads of known concentration up to 20 × 106/ml were distributed quarterly to enrolled laboratories over a 12-year period. The results of each distribution were then used to calculate a bias relative to the target value as an indicator of accuracy and a coefficient of variation to indicate the level of precision. RESULTS The proportion of laboratories in 2007-2008 using improved Neubauer haemocytometers (44%), Makler® (9%) and Vetriplast chambers (19%) remained constant in 2018-2019, unlike Kova chamber users (20%), which reduced. The mean (range) bias of improved Neubauer haemocytometers (-2.8% [-22.5 to +32.0%]) was less than Makler® chambers (+17.0% [-2.9 to +41.2%]), Kova chambers (+33.9% [0.0 to 115.0%]) and Vetriplast chambers (+47.9% [0.0 to 170.0%]). The coefficient of variation of improved Neubauer haemocytometers (14.6% [8.7 to 25.0%]) was less than both Vetriplast (20.7% [8.8 to 36.4%]) and Makler® (24.1% [13.6 to 48.6%]) and Kova chambers (35.5% [15.9 to 123.0%]). CONCLUSIONS The improved Neubauer haemocytometer has been shown to be superior in accuracy and precision to the Makler®, Kova and Vetriplast chambers in their estimation of concentrations up to 20 × 106/ml. Users of Makler® chambers, specifically designed for counting spermatozoa, should take care to monitor the performance of their own chambers, whereas Kova and Vetriplast chambers (designed for microscopic urinalysis) should not be used.
Collapse
|
7
|
Josefsson L, Goodall D, Emmer Å. Implementation of a ultraviolet area imaging detector for analysis of polyvinyl alcohol microbubbles by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1619:460899. [PMID: 31983415 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.460899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Contrast agents are widely used to enhance the image quality in clinical imaging using e.g. ultrasound. The contrast agents used for ultrasound imaging are mainly microbubbles (MBs) with a soft or hard shell encapsulating a core of gas. In the present study, MBs with a hard shell of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and a core of air were analysed in a capillary electrophoretic system using a UV area imaging detector. The detector was operating at 3 wavelengths; 214 nm, 255 nm and 525 nm, and the highest absorbance for individual PVA-MBs were obtained at 214 nm. Two detection windows and a vertical loop capillary position enabled tracking of the PVA-MBs both in an upward and a downward flow direction, where PVA-MBs had different flow distributions and slightly higher average flow velocity upwards, attributed to temperature differences in the capillary that was part within the instrument and part outside. The tracking also allowed counting and quantification of the PVA-MBs. Separation of PVA-MBs from proteins present in human blood plasma was achieved, with multi-wavelength imaging showing best contrast at 525 nm. The PVA-MBs absolute values of negative zeta potential and anionic mobility when injected from plasma in the pH 12 background electrolyte are higher than those obtained for MBs injected from buffer, consistent with their increased negative charge due to a protein corona coating of the PVA-MBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Josefsson
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | - Åsa Emmer
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wei SY, Chao HH, Huang HP, Hsu CF, Li SH, Hsu L. A collective tracking method for preliminary sperm analysis. Biomed Eng Online 2019; 18:112. [PMID: 31775764 PMCID: PMC6882231 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-019-0732-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Total motile sperm count (TMSC) and curvilinear velocity (VCL) are two important parameters in preliminary semen analysis for male infertility. Traditionally, both parameters are evaluated manually by embryologists or automatically using an expensive computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) instrument. The latter applies a point-tracking method using an image processing technique to detect, recognize and classify each of the target objects, individually, which is complicated. However, as semen is dense, manual counting is exhausting while CASA suffers from severe overlapping and heavy computation. Methods We proposed a simple frame-differencing method that tracks motile sperms collectively and treats their overlapping with a statistical occupation probability without heavy computation. The proposed method leads to an overall image of all of the differential footprint trajectories (DFTs) of all motile sperms and thus the overall area of the DFTs in a real-time manner. Accordingly, a theoretical DFT model was also developed to formulate the overall DFT area of a group of moving beads as a function of time as well as the total number and average speed of the beads. Then, using the least square fitting method, we obtained the optimal values of the TMSC and the average VCL that yielded the best fit for the theoretical DFT area to the measured DFT area. Results The proposed method was used to evaluate the TMSC and the VCL of 20 semen samples. The maximum TMSC evaluated using the method is more than 980 sperms per video frame. The Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) between the two series of TMSC obtained using the method and the CASA instrument is 0.946. The PCC between the two series of VCL obtained using the method and CASA is 0.771. As a consequence, the proposed method is as accurate as the CASA method in TMSC and VCL evaluations. Conclusion In comparison with the individual point-tracking techniques, the collective DFT tracking method is relatively simple in computation without complicated image processing. Therefore, incorporating the proposed method into a cell phone equipped with a microscopic lens can facilitate the design of a simple sperm analyzer for clinical or household use without advance dilution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Yang Wei
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Hao Chao
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Han-Ping Huang
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chang Francis Hsu
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsiang Li
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, 25160, Taiwan. .,Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Taipei, 11260, Taiwan.
| | - Long Hsu
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vitoria A, Romero A, Fuente S, Barrachina L, Vazquez FJ. Application of a laparoscopic technique for vasectomy in standing horses. Vet Rec 2019; 185:345. [PMID: 31409746 DOI: 10.1136/vr.105396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
This report describes a technique for standing laparoscopic vasectomy in stallions through a prospective descriptive study. A preliminary study was carried out with two experimental intact male horses and subsequently the procedure was performed in two clinical cases. These horse owners want to keep their animals in the most possible natural way, preserving its stallion behaviour in a herd without generating offspring. The horses were sedated and restrained in stocks and laparoscopic vasectomy was performed using three portal sites in both paralumbar fossae recording surgical times. A 4-cm segment of each ductus deferens (DD) was occluded with laparoscopic vessel sealing devices and subsequently excised. Semen collection was performed using an artificial vagina before the laparoscopic procedure and at 15 and 60 days postoperatively. Sexual behaviour and spermiogram were analysed. Two months after vasectomy, control laparoscopy was performed in experimental horses to assess the surgical site. Bilateral vasectomy could be performed without intraoperative complications in a mean surgical time of 20 min per DD. Success of the procedure was confirmed in all cases by azoospermic ejaculates 60 days after vasectomy. This is the first time that the technique for laparoscopic vasectomy is described in horses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arantza Vitoria
- Patología Animal, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Hospital Veterinario, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Romero
- Patología Animal, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Hospital Veterinario, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sara Fuente
- Hospital Veterinario, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Barrachina
- Hospital Veterinario, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Anatomía, Embriología y Genética Animal, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Francisco José Vazquez
- Patología Animal, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain .,Hospital Veterinario, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Engel KM, Grunewald S, Schiller J, Paasch U. Automated semen analysis by SQA Vision®
versus the manual approach-A prospective double-blind study. Andrologia 2018; 51:e13149. [DOI: 10.1111/and.13149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin M. Engel
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, EAA Training Center of Andrology; University of Leipzig, University Hospital Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Sonja Grunewald
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, EAA Training Center of Andrology; University of Leipzig, University Hospital Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Jürgen Schiller
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Uwe Paasch
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, EAA Training Center of Andrology; University of Leipzig, University Hospital Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bompart D, García-Molina A, Valverde A, Caldeira C, Yániz J, Núñez de Murga M, Soler C. CASA-Mot technology: how results are affected by the frame rate and counting chamber. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 30:810-819. [PMID: 29614241 DOI: 10.1071/rd17551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
For over 30 years, CASA-Mot technology has been used for kinematic analysis of sperm motility in different mammalian species, but insufficient attention has been paid to the technical limitations of commercial computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA) systems. Counting chamber type and frame rate are two of the most important aspects to be taken into account. Counting chambers can be disposable or reusable, with different depths. In human semen analysis, reusable chambers with a depth of 10µm are the most frequently used, whereas for most farm animal species it is more common to use disposable chambers with a depth of 20µm . The frame rate was previously limited by the hardware, although changes in the number of images collected could lead to significant variations in some kinematic parameters, mainly in curvilinear velocity (VCL). A frame rate of 60 frames s-1 is widely considered to be the minimum necessary for satisfactory results. However, the frame rate is species specific and must be defined in each experimental condition. In conclusion, we show that the optimal combination of frame rate and counting chamber type and depth should be defined for each species and experimental condition in order to obtain reliable results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daznia Bompart
- Proiser R+D, Avenuenida Catedrático Agustín Escardino, 9, Building 3 (CUE), Floor 1, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Almudena García-Molina
- Proiser R+D, Avenuenida Catedrático Agustín Escardino, 9, Building 3 (CUE), Floor 1, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Anthony Valverde
- University of Valencia, Department of Cellular Biology, Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology, Campus Burjassot, C/ Dr Moliner, 50, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Carina Caldeira
- Proiser R+D, Avenuenida Catedrático Agustín Escardino, 9, Building 3 (CUE), Floor 1, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Jesús Yániz
- TECNOGAM Research Group, Environmental Sciences Institute (IUCA), Department of Animal Production and Food Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50013, Huesca, Spain
| | - Manuel Núñez de Murga
- University of Valencia, Department of Cellular Biology, Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology, Campus Burjassot, C/ Dr Moliner, 50, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Carles Soler
- Proiser R+D, Avenuenida Catedrático Agustín Escardino, 9, Building 3 (CUE), Floor 1, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ilhan HO, Aydin N. A novel data acquisition and analyzing approach to spermiogram tests. Biomed Signal Process Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
13
|
Tomlinson MJ. Uncertainty of measurement and clinical value of semen analysis: has standardisation through professional guidelines helped or hindered progress? Andrology 2017; 4:763-70. [PMID: 27529487 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This article suggests that diagnostic semen analysis has no more clinical value today than it had 25-30 years ago, and both the confusion surrounding its evidence base (in terms of relationship with conception) and the low level of confidence in the clinical setting is attributable to an associated high level of 'uncertainty'. Consideration of the concept of measurement uncertainty is mandatory for medical laboratories applying for the ISO15189 standard. It is evident that the entire semen analysis process is prone to error every step from specimen collection to the reporting of results and serves to compound uncertainty associated with diagnosis or prognosis. Perceived adherence to published guidelines for the assessment of sperm concentration, motility and morphology does not guarantee a reliable and reproducible test result. Moreover, the high level of uncertainty associated with manual sperm motility and morphology can be attributed to subjectivity and lack a traceable standard. This article describes where and why uncertainty exists and suggests that semen analysis will continue to be of limited value until it is more adequately considered and addressed. Although professional guidelines for good practice have provided the foundations for testing procedures for many years, the risk in following rather prescriptive guidance to the letter is that unless they are based on an overwhelmingly firm evidence base, the quality of semen analysis will remain poor and the progress towards the development of more innovative methods for investigating male infertility will be slow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Tomlinson
- Fertility Unit, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dearing CG, Lindsay KS. Corrected cholesterol, a novel marker for predicting semen post-thaw quality: a pilot study. HUM FERTIL 2017; 22:94-103. [DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2017.1382732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chey G. Dearing
- School of Health & Sport Science and School of Nursing, School of Viticulture, Eastern Institute of Technology, Hawkes Bay, New Zealand
| | - Kevin S. Lindsay
- Andrology Laboratory, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Brito LF, Althouse GC, Aurich C, Chenoweth PJ, Eilts BE, Love CC, Luvoni GC, Mitchell JR, Peter AT, Pugh DG, Waberski D. Andrology laboratory review: Evaluation of sperm concentration. Theriogenology 2016; 85:1507-1527. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
16
|
Lu JC, Yue RQ, Feng RX, Kong LZ, Xu YC. Accuracy Evaluation of The Depth of Six Kinds of Sperm Counting Chambers for both Manual and Computer-Aided Semen Analyses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2016; 9:527-33. [PMID: 26985341 PMCID: PMC4793174 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2015.4612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Although the depth of the counting chamber is an important factor influencing sperm counting, no research has yet been reported on the measurement and comparison of the depth of the chamber. We measured the exact depths of six kinds of sperm
counting chambers and evaluated their accuracy. Materials and Methods In this prospective study, the depths of six kinds of sperm
counting chambers for both manual and computer-aided semen analyses, including Makler (n=24), Macro (n=32), Geoffrey (n=34), GoldCyto (n=20), Leja (n=20) and Cell-VU
(n=20), were measured with the Filmetrics F20 Spectral Reflectance Thin-Film Measurement System, then the mean depth, the range and the coefficient of variation (CV) of
each chamber, and the mean depth, relative deviation and acceptability of each kind of
chamber were calculated by the closeness to the nominal value. Among the 24 Makler
chambers, 5 were new and 19 were used, and the other five kinds were all new chambers. Results The depths (mean ± SD, μm) of Makler (new), Macro and Geoffrey chambers
were 11.07 ± 0.41, 10.19 ± 0.48 and 10.00 ± 0.28, respectively, while those of GoldCyto,
Leja and Cell-VU chambers were 23.76 ± 2.15, 20.49 ± 0.22 and 24.22 ± 2.58, respectively. The acceptability of Geoffrey chambers was the highest (94.12%), followed by
Macro (65.63%), Leja (35%) and Makler (20%), while that of the other two kinds and
the used Makler chamber was zero. Conclusion There existed some difference between the actual depth and the corresponding
nominal value for sperm counting chambers, and the overall acceptability was very low. Moreover, the abrasion caused by the long use, as of Makler chamber, for example, may result in unacceptability of the chamber. In order to ensure the accuracy and repeatability of sperm concentration results, the depth of the sperm counting chamber must be checked regularly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Chun Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Hospital, Jiangsu Corps, the Armed Police Force, PLA, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ru-Qian Yue
- Geoffrey Laboratory for Semen Analysis, Jiangsu Jingcheng Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210036, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui-Xiang Feng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Hospital, Jiangsu Corps, the Armed Police Force, PLA, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling-Zhu Kong
- Geoffrey Laboratory for Semen Analysis, Jiangsu Jingcheng Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210036, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan-Cheng Xu
- Geoffrey Laboratory for Semen Analysis, Jiangsu Jingcheng Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210036, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jeffery AJ, Pham MN, Shackelford TK, Fink B. Does human ejaculate quality relate to phenotypic traits? Am J Hum Biol 2015; 28:318-29. [PMID: 26626022 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A given man's phenotype embodies cues of his ancestral ability to effectively defend himself and his kin from harm, to survive adverse conditions, and to acquire status and mating opportunities. In this review, we explore the hypothesis that a man's phenotype also embodies cues to fertility or the probability that an ejaculate will fertilize ova. Female mate choice depends on the ability to discern the quality of a male reproductive partner through his phenotype, and male fertility may be among the traits that females have evolved to detect. A female who selects as mates males that deliver higher quality ejaculates will, on average, be more fecund than her competitors. Data on several non-human species demonstrate correlations between ejaculate quality and secondary sexual characteristics that inform female mate choice, suggesting that females may select mates in part on the basis of fertility. While the non-human literature on this topic has advanced, the human literature remains limited in scope and there is no clear consensus on appropriate methodologies or theoretical positions. We provide a comprehensive review and meta-analysis of this literature, and conclude by proposing solutions to the many issues that impede progress in the field. In the process, we hope to encourage interest and insight from investigators in other areas of human mating and reproductive biology. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:318-329, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael N Pham
- Department of Psychology, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, 48307
| | - Todd K Shackelford
- Department of Psychology, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, 48307
| | - Bernhard Fink
- Institute of Psychology and Courant Research Center Evolution of Social Behavior, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dearing CG, Kilburn S, Lindsay KS. Validation of the sperm class analyser CASA system for sperm counting in a busy diagnostic semen analysis laboratory. HUM FERTIL 2013; 17:37-44. [DOI: 10.3109/14647273.2013.865843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
19
|
Double-blind prospective study comparing two automated sperm analyzers versus manual semen assessment. J Assist Reprod Genet 2013; 31:35-43. [PMID: 24242989 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-013-0139-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite controversy regarding its clinical value, male fertility investigation mainly relies on semen analysis. Even though reference guidelines are available, manual sperm analysis still suffers from analytical variability, thus questioning the interest of automated sperm analysis systems. The aim of this study is to compared automated computerized semen analysis systems (SQA-V GOLD and CASA CEROS) to the conventional manual method in terms of accuracy and precision. METHODS We included 250 men in this double-blind prospective study. The SQA-V GOLD (Medical Electronic Systems) and CEROS, CASA system (Hamilton Thorne) were compared to the standard manual assessment based on the WHO 5th Edition. The main outcome measures were sperm concentration, total sperm number, total motility, progressive motility, non-progressive motility, morphology, motile sperm concentration (MSC) and progressively motile sperm concentration (PMSC) with the three methods. RESULTS Statistical analysis of the test results from the automated systems and the manual method demonstrated no significant differences for most of the semen parameters. The Spearman coefficients of rank correlation (rho) for CASA and the SQA-V GOLD automated systems vs. the manual method were: Sperm concentration (0.95 and 0.95), total sperm number (0.95 and 0.95), MSC (0.94 and 0.96) and PMSC (0.94 and 0.93) correspondingly. Concerning sperm morphology, both automated systems demonstrated high specificity (Sp) and negative predictive values (NPV), despite significantly different medians (CASA: 83.7 % for Sp and 95.2 % for NPV, SQA-V: 97.9 % for Sp and 92.5 %). The highest precision (lowest 95 % confidence interval for duplicate tests) for all semen variables was found in the SQA-V GOLD. CONCLUSIONS The advantages of using automated semen analysers are: Standardization, speed (lower turnaround time), precision, reduced potential for human error, automated data recording and less need for highly skilled professionals to run the systems. The disadvantages of using automated systems are: notably the problem with testing some atypical samples and the inability to perform an assessment of morphology abnormalities. Based on the results of this study, the SQA-V Gold demonstrated better agreement vs. the manual method. In conclusion, automated semen analyzers can be used for routine semen analysis providing rapid clinically acceptable results with higher precision, and positively impacting laboratory standardization.
Collapse
|
20
|
Kocoglu H, Alan C, Cakır DU, Malkoc E, Cosansu K, Kırılmaz B, Ertung Y, Ersay AR. Association between serum inhibin-B levels and coronary artery disease in aging males. Arch Med Sci 2013; 9:796-801. [PMID: 24273559 PMCID: PMC3832817 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2013.34410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Atherosclerosis is a systemic disorder. It is a frequent leading cause of coronary artery disease (CAD). Similarly, atherosclerotic vascular alterations could lead to testicular arterial blood flow reduction and impairment of testicular function with age. Inhibin-B has been validated as a valuable serum marker of testicular functions and its correlation with testicular volume was shown in some studies done before. The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between serum inhibin-B levels and CAD in elderly men. MATERIAL AND METHODS Between March 2009 and March 2010, fifty-two 50-80-year-old consecutive patients with Gensini score over 20 and ejection fraction (EF) > 50% were included in the study as the CAD group. Fifty healthy men without any cardiac disease history were recruited as the control group. All patients in the CAD group who had indications for coronary artery angiography underwent selective coronary artery angiography. RESULTS Inhibin-B, total testosterone and testicular volume levels were found to be significantly lower in the CAD group in comparison with the control group (p = 0.004, p < 0.0001, and p = 0.001 respectively). CONCLUSIONS In this study, although no correlation was found in CAD patients between Gensini score and inhibin-B or testicular volume, inhibin-B levels and testicular volume were significantly lower in patients with CAD than in healthy men. In order to fully assess the relationship between serum inhibin-B levels and CAD, multi-centered prospective and longitudinal studies must be done in elderly male patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Kocoglu
- Department of Urology, Canakkale Military Hospital, Turkey
| | - Cabir Alan
- Department of Urology, Medicine Faculty, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey
| | - Dilek Ulker Cakır
- Department of Biochemistry, Medicine Faculty, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey
| | - Ercan Malkoc
- Department of Urology, Corlu Military Hospital, Turkey
| | | | - Bahadır Kırılmaz
- Department of Cardiology, Medicine Faculty, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey
| | - Yunus Ertung
- Department of Urology, Medicine Faculty, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Resit Ersay
- Department of Urology, Medicine Faculty, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mortimer D, Barratt CLR, Björndahl L, de Jager C, Jequier AM, Muller CH. What should it take to describe a substance or product as 'sperm-safe'. Hum Reprod Update 2013; 19 Suppl 1:i1-45. [PMID: 23552271 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmt008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male reproductive potential continues to be adversely affected by many environmental, industrial and pharmaceutical toxins. Pre-emptive testing for reproductive toxicological (side-)effects remains limited, or even non-existent. Many products that come into direct contact with spermatozoa lack adequate testing for the absence of adverse effects, and numerous products that are intended for exposure to spermatozoa have only a general assumption of safety based on the absence of evidence of actual harm. Such assumptions can have unfortunate adverse impacts on at-risk individuals (e.g. couples who are trying to conceive), illustrating a clear need for appropriate up-front testing to establish actual 'sperm safety'. METHODS After compiling a list of general areas within the review's scope, relevant literature and other information was obtained from the authors' personal professional libraries and archives, and supplemented as necessary using PubMed and Google searches. Review by co-authors identified and eliminated errors of omission or bias. RESULTS This review provides an overview of the broad range of substances, materials and products that can affect male fertility, especially through sperm fertilizing ability, along with a discussion of practical methods and bioassays for their evaluation. It is concluded that products can only be claimed to be 'sperm-safe' after performing objective, properly designed experimental studies; extrapolation from supposed predicate products or other assumptions cannot be trusted. CONCLUSIONS We call for adopting the precautionary principle, especially when exposure to a product might affect not only a couple's fertility potential but also the health of resulting offspring and perhaps future generations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Mortimer
- Oozoa Biomedical Inc., Caulfeild Village, West Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gloria A, Carluccio A, Contri A, Wegher L, Valorz C, Robbe D. The effect of the chamber on kinetic results in cryopreserved bull spermatozoa. Andrology 2013; 1:879-85. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2013.00121.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Gloria
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; University of Teramo; Teramo Italy
| | - A. Carluccio
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; University of Teramo; Teramo Italy
| | - A. Contri
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; University of Teramo; Teramo Italy
| | - L. Wegher
- Provincial Breeders Federation of Trento; Trento Italy
| | - C. Valorz
- Provincial Breeders Federation of Trento; Trento Italy
| | - D. Robbe
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; University of Teramo; Teramo Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Huang X, Zhou Y, Ma J, Wang N, Zhang Z, Ji J, Ding Q, Chen G. Nitric oxide mediated effects on reproductive toxicity caused by carbon disulfide in male rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 34:679-687. [PMID: 23146592 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated nitric oxide (NO) mediation of carbon disulfide (CS(2)) toxicity that compromised male rat spermatogenesis and endocrine function. Rats were exposed to multiple levels of CS(2) concentration (0, 50, 250, 1250 mg/m(3)). A 1250 mg/m(3) CS(2)+sodium nitroprusside (SNP) group and a 1250 mg/m(3) CS(2)+NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) group were established to explore the role of NO in mediating CS(2) toxicity. NO concentrations, NO synthase (NOS) activity, and sex hormone levels were measured, and sperm characteristics were observed and analyzed. Our data show that CS(2) exposure decreased: NOS activity; tissue NO concentrations; serum levels of gonadotropin-releasing hormones, luteinizing hormones, and testosterone; and sperm count and activity. In contrast, increased serum follicle-stimulating hormone concentrations and teratospermia were observed with CS(2) exposure. SNP reduced some of the toxic effects of CS(2), while L-NMMA treatment showed no effect. The results suggests that NO mediates compromised reproductive system function caused by CS(2) exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Huang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Shortlidge EE, Rosenstiel TN, Eppley SM. Tolerance to environmental desiccation in moss sperm. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2012; 194:741-750. [PMID: 22420692 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04106.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
• Sexual reproduction in mosses requires that sperm be released freely into the environment before finding and fertilizing a receptive female. After release from the male plant, moss sperm may experience a range of abiotic stresses; however, few data are available examining stress tolerance of moss sperm and whether there is genetic variation for stress tolerance in this important life stage. • Here, we investigated the effects of environmental desiccation and recovery on the sperm cells of three moss species (Bryum argenteum, Campylopus introflexus, and Ceratodon purpureus). • We found that a fraction of sperm cells were tolerant to environmental desiccation for extended periods (d) and that tolerance did not vary among species. We found that this tolerance occurs irrespective of ambient dehydration conditions, and that the addition of sucrose during dry-down improved cell recovery. Although we observed no interspecific variation, significant variation among individuals within species in sperm cell tolerance to environmental desiccation was observed, suggesting selection could potentially act on this basic reproductive trait. • The observation of desiccation-tolerant sperm in multiple moss species has important implications for understanding bryophyte reproduction, suggesting the presence of a significant, uncharacterized complexity in the ecology of moss mating systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Shortlidge
- Department of Biology and Center for Life in Extreme Environments, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR 97207-0751, USA
| | - Todd N Rosenstiel
- Department of Biology and Center for Life in Extreme Environments, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR 97207-0751, USA
| | - Sarah M Eppley
- Department of Biology and Center for Life in Extreme Environments, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR 97207-0751, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Walls M, Zuvela E, Ayres C, Sherrin D, Chhotani A, Butler L, Peirce K, Krapez J, Parker R, Mooy C, Mohan P, Catt S, Wiltshire M, Bakos HW, Whyte M, Matson P. The influence of sample volume applied to the Makler sperm counting chamber upon the measured concentration of latex beads: A multi-centre study. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2305-0500(13)60051-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
|
26
|
Campi KL, Collins CE, Todd WD, Kaas J, Krubitzer L. Comparison of area 17 cellular composition in laboratory and wild-caught rats including diurnal and nocturnal species. BRAIN, BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION 2011; 77:116-30. [PMID: 21525748 DOI: 10.1159/000324862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study we examine the size of primary sensory areas in the neocortex and the cellular composition of area 17/V1 in three rodent groups: laboratory nocturnal Norway rats (Long-Evans; Rattus norvegicus), wild-caught nocturnal Norway rats (R. norvegicus), and laboratory diurnal Nile grass rats (Arvicanthis niloticus). Specifically, we used areal measures of myeloarchitecture of the primary sensory areas to compare area size and the isotropic fractionator method to estimate the number of neurons and nonneurons in area 17 in each species. Our results demonstrate that the percentage of cortex devoted to area 17 is significantly greater and the percentage of cortex devoted to S1 is significantly smaller in the diurnal Nile grass rat compared with the nocturnal Norway rat groups. Further, the laboratory rodent groups have a greater percentage of cortex devoted to auditory cortex compared with the wild-caught group. We also demonstrate that wild-caught rats have a greater density of neurons in area 17 compared to laboratory-reared animals. However, there were no other clear cellular composition differences in area 17 or differences in the percentage of brain weight devoted to area 17 between nocturnal and diurnal rats. Thus, there are differences in primary sensory area size between diurnal versus nocturnal and laboratory versus wild-caught rat groups and cellular density between wild-caught and laboratory rat groups. Our results demonstrate that the differences in the size and cellular composition of cortical areas do not fit with what would be expected based on brain scaling differences alone, and have a consistent relationship with lifestyle and sensory morphology.
Collapse
|
27
|
López Rodríguez A, Rijsselaere T, Bijttebier J, Vyt P, Van Soom A, Maes D. Effectiveness of the sperm quality analyzer (SQA-Vp) for porcine semen analysis. Theriogenology 2011; 75:972-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Revised: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
28
|
Boone WR, Higdon HL, Johnson JE. Quality Management Issues in the Assisted Reproduction Laboratory. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/205891581000100103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the United States, the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act (CLIA) of 1988 describes requirements and guidelines for implementing a quality control/quality assurance (QC/QA) program for moderate and high complexity laboratories. These requirements and guidelines apply to Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) laboratories as well. The general topic of QC and QA as it pertains to in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer (ET) is extensively reviewed. This review summarizes many of the QC and QA events that contribute to the advancement of knowledge in this biotechnological field. These events include control of the culture environment inside and outside of the incubator, as well as factors that affect culture media. This review also discusses, in considerable detail, the QC and the QA that pertain to equipment used within the laboratory and how to control for potential contaminants, which reside within the laboratory. This review provides evidence to indicate the need for laboratory personnel to monitor quality improvement issues on a continuous basis. Personnel must be willing to change as improvements in technology occur in order to meet the ever-evolving demands of a more difficult patient population. Suggestions for meeting these demands are offered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William R. Boone
- Greenville Hospital System University Medical Center, Greenville, South Carolina Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
| | - H. Lee Higdon
- Greenville Hospital System University Medical Center, Greenville, South Carolina Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
| | - Jane E. Johnson
- Greenville Hospital System University Medical Center, Greenville, South Carolina Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
|
30
|
Kirkman-Brown J, Björndahl L. Evaluation of a disposable plastic Neubauer counting chamber for semen analysis. Fertil Steril 2009; 91:627-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.11.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2007] [Revised: 11/22/2007] [Accepted: 11/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
31
|
Cardona-Maya W, Berdugo J, Cadavid A. Comparación de la concentración espermática usando la cámara de Makler y la cámara de Neubauer. Actas Urol Esp 2008; 32:443-5. [DOI: 10.1016/s0210-4806(08)73860-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
32
|
Choi EK, Tsunekawa N, Kanai Y, Kurohmaru M. A new preparation protocol for measurement of testicular sperm production. J Reprod Dev 2007; 54:90-3. [PMID: 18025776 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.19123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In studies of male reproductive toxicity, measuring daily sperm production is a quite important criterion. However, the accuracy of the values measured by the basic protocol is still controversial. In order to enhance the homogeneity of countable testicular sperm/spermatid heads, this report introduces a new enzymatic method with a subsequent detergent treatment. The testis of rat was firstly homogenized in phosphate-buffered saline. The homogenate (buffer mix) was then treated with collagenase and trypsin, and then sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was added to produce detergent-resistant sperm/spermatid heads (detergent mix). After examination by hemocytometer, the coefficient of variation (CV) of the number of sperm/spermatid heads was compared with that obtained from the buffer mix. In addition, a MicroCell chamber was applied to the examination, and the CV was compared with other cases. In both examinations, homogeneity was improved by the detergent mix preparation. Counting with the hemocytometer showed an increased number of sperm/spermatid heads compared with that of the buffer mix (P<0.001), and the CV was decreased (P<0.05). In addition, when the MicroCell chamber was applied, the numbers increased about 3-hold compared with that of the buffer mix (P<0.001). The CV of the detergent mix was 23.7%, while that of the buffer mix was 38.9%. These results clearly demonstrate that the new preparation protocol generated in this study can provide more actual and accurate values when measuring daily sperm production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehn-Kyoung Choi
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Haugen TB. In search of an accurate and rapid method for sperm counting. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2007; 67:436-8. [PMID: 17558899 DOI: 10.1080/00365510601167023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
34
|
Janko M, M. K, Maja Z, Petra Z. Method agreement between measuring of boar sperm concentration using Makler chamber and photometer. ACTA VET-BEOGRAD 2007. [DOI: 10.2298/avb0706563m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
35
|
Hansen C, Vermeiden T, Vermeiden JPW, Simmet C, Day BC, Feitsma H. Comparison of FACSCount AF system, Improved Neubauer hemocytometer, Corning 254 photometer, SpermVision, UltiMate and NucleoCounter SP-100 for determination of sperm concentration of boar semen. Theriogenology 2006; 66:2188-94. [PMID: 16920186 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2005] [Revised: 04/05/2006] [Accepted: 05/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Current research aims at reducing the number of sperm per insemination dose thereby making measurement of sperm concentration in raw semen and the production of uniform insemination doses much more crucial. The present study evaluated the determination of sperm concentration using FACSCount AF System (FACS), Improved Neubauer hemocytometer (HEMO), Corning 254 photometer (Photo C254), SpermVision CASA System (SpermVision), UltiMate CASA System (UltiMate) and NucleoCounter SP-100 (SP-100). The instruments were evaluated with respect to repeatability and to establishing the regression curve towards both HEMO and FACS. Repeatability for the instruments was 2.7, 7.1, 10.4, 8.1, 5.4 and 3.1% for FACS, HEMO, Photo C254, SpermVision, UltiMate and SP-100, respectively. Correlation between instruments was highest between FACS and SP-100. This was made possible due to the high repeatability for both instruments. The agreement between the instruments and HEMO as the gold standard was lower than expected as the largest difference in estimation of concentration was -25 to +50%. The largest percentage difference was observed for measurements of dilute semen. It was clear that percentage difference between instruments depended on sperm concentration. In comparison to the gold standard, agreement was highest between SpermVision and HEMO for dilute semen, but for concentrated semen, agreement was highest between SP-100 and HEMO. However, the agreement between HEMO and all other instruments was not as good as expected. The reason may lie within the presence of agglutinated sperm, preventing proper HEMO counts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Hansen
- Danish Pig Production, Danish Meat Association, Axeltorv 3, DK-1609 Copenhagen V, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ramlau-Hansen CH, Thulstrup AM, Aggerholm AS, Jensen MS, Toft G, Bonde JP. Is smoking a risk factor for decreased semen quality? A cross-sectional analysis. Hum Reprod 2006; 22:188-96. [PMID: 16966350 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/del364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies suggest a deleterious effect of cigarette smoking on semen quality, but their results have not been consistent. We studied the association between current smoking and semen characteristics and hormonal levels in a large group of healthy men. METHODS From 1987 to 2004, seven separate occupational or environmental semen quality studies were co-ordinated by our department. A total of 2562 men participated, each providing semen and blood sample and answering a questionnaire about lifestyle and factors related to health. Appropriate semen and smoking data were available for 2542 men. RESULTS Adjusting for study, age and other covariates, we observed an inverse dose-response relation between smoking and semen volume, total sperm count and percentage motile sperm. Heavy smokers had a 19% lower sperm concentration than non-smokers. We found a positive dose-response relationship between smoking and testosterone, LH and the LH/free testosterone ratios. CONCLUSION Current smoking in adult life moderately impairs the semen quality. It is well known that semen quality is associated to fecundity. Therefore, it would be sensible to advise men to abstain from smoking to avoid decreased fecundity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C H Ramlau-Hansen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus Sygehus, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sokol RZ, Kraft P, Fowler IM, Mamet R, Kim E, Berhane KT. Exposure to environmental ozone alters semen quality. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2006; 114:360-5. [PMID: 16507458 PMCID: PMC1392229 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.8232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic male infertility may be due to exposure to environmental toxicants that alter spermatogenesis or sperm function. We studied the relationship between air pollutant levels and semen quality over a 2-year period in Los Angeles, California, by analyzing repeated semen samples collected by sperm donors. Semen analysis data derived from 5,134 semen samples from a sperm donor bank were correlated with air pollutant levels (ozone, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter < 10 microm in aerodynamic diameter) measured 0-9, 10-14, and 70-90 days before semen collection dates in Los Angeles between January 1996 and December 1998. A linear mixed-effects model was used to model average sperm concentration and total motile sperm count for the donation from each subject. Changes were analyzed in relationship to biologically relevant time points during spermatogenesis, 0-9, 10-14, and 70-90 days before the day of semen collection. We estimated temperature and seasonality effects after adjusting for a base model, which included donor's date of birth and age at donation. Forty-eight donors from Los Angeles were included as subjects. Donors were included if they collected repeated semen samples over a 12-month period between January 1996 and December 1998. There was a significant negative correlation between ozone levels at 0-9, 10-14, and 70-90 days before donation and average sperm concentration, which was maintained after correction for donor's birth date, age at donation, temperature, and seasonality (p < 0.01). No other pollutant measures were significantly associated with sperm quality outcomes. Exposure to ambient ozone levels adversely affects semen quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Z Sokol
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kuster C. Sperm concentration determination between hemacytometric and CASA systems: why they can be different. Theriogenology 2005; 64:614-7. [PMID: 16002129 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Determination of sperm concentration is a critical component of semen analysis. Traditionally, the hemacytometer has been the standard for calibrating other technologies used to estimate sperm concentration, including photometry, Coulter counters, flow cytometry, and computer-automated semen analysis (CASA). Disposable capillary-loaded slides are commonly used in conjunction with most CASA systems currently in use. Questions have been raised regarding differences in sperm concentration measurements between CASA systems (using 20 microm disposable slides) and hemacytometry. This review explains that these differences are largely due to the Segre-Silberberg (SS) effect, which occurs during Poiseuille flow in thin, capillary-loaded slides. The SS effect can lead to errors in estimation of particle concentration, as demonstrated with latex beads and suspensions of human or porcine spermatozoa. The SS effect does not appear to have time to develop in the hemacytometer, which at 100 microm is considerably deeper than most disposable slides. Thus, hemacytometry, when properly performed, remains the gold standard for estimation of sperm concentration. When using thin (20 microm) slides with CASA systems, recognition of the appropriate compensation factor to adjust for the SS effect is critical for accuracy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Kuster
- Kuster Research and Consulting, 22509 E. 1680th Street, Suite A, Geneseo, IL 61254, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Holt WV. Is quality assurance in semen analysis still really necessary? A spermatologist's viewpoint. Hum Reprod 2005; 20:2983-6. [PMID: 16006459 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dei189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In a provocative article to this Journal, Anne Jecquier, an eminent andrologist who, more than 20 years ago, was a prime mover in suggesting the need for quality assurance (QA) in andrology laboratories, has now proposed that the QA schemes may no longer be needed. Here I reply to that proposition, largely by agreeing that, since the QA schemes have brought about higher technical standards in laboratories, Anne Jecquier's assertion is possibly true. However, vigilance is still needed in discriminating between unproductive investment of time and energy in the refinement of tests that may offer little information about fertility, and maintaining technical standards such that where necessary they provide the requisite information. Thus, although it may not matter in practice whether a sperm concentration is estimated as 100 or 200 x 10(6)/ml, distinguishing between 25 and 100 x 10(6)/ml would probably influence a clinician's treatment decisions. Anne Jecquier also suggested that sperm function tests have limited predictive value in terms of fertility assessment. While I agree that this is largely true at present, I also argue that these tests are probably not developed to their full potential. I am optimistic that tests to distinguish and quantify the population of fertilization-competent sperm within an ejaculate will eventually become available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W V Holt
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Brazil C, Swan SH, Drobnis EZ, Liu F, Wang C, Redmon JB, Overstreet JW. Standardized methods for semen evaluation in a multicenter research study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 25:635-44. [PMID: 15223853 DOI: 10.1002/j.1939-4640.2004.tb02835.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Semen evaluation methodology is complex and difficult to standardize. Rigorously standardized laboratory protocols and strict quality control (QC) are essential for meaningful comparison of data from multiple sites. We describe the methods used for determination of semen volume, sperm concentration, and percent sperm motility in the Study for Future Families, a multicenter study of semen quality in the United States. Each of these 3 semen parameters was assessed using 2 techniques, which provided the opportunity to compare precision and assess suitability for multicenter studies. Detailed protocols were used, and technicians were centrally trained. A total of 509 semen evaluations were performed. Semen volume measured by weight was greater (P <.0001) than that determined by pipetting (3.7 +/- 1.6 mL vs 3.2 +/- 1.6 mL). Sperm concentration determined using hemacytometer chambers was consistently higher (P <.001) than that using disposable MicroCell chambers (81.0 x 10(6)/mL vs 65.9 x 10(6)/mL). Precision was slightly greater for the MicroCell chamber. The percentage of motile sperm was assessed by a simple counting technique as well as by the World Health Organization categorical method that assigns individual motile sperm to "a," "b," and "c" categories on the basis of progression. When these 3 categories were collapsed, the methods provided values that were not statistically different (P >.05), although the collapsed values tended to be higher (58.1% vs 51.6%) and less precise (CV 7.7% vs 4.1%) for the categorical method than for motility determined using the simple method. The data obtained in this study demonstrate the critical need for rigorous standardization of protocols and techniques for multicenter studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlene Brazil
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Christensen P, Stryhn H, Hansen C. Discrepancies in the determination of sperm concentration using Bürker-Türk, Thoma and Makler counting chambers. Theriogenology 2005; 63:992-1003. [PMID: 15710187 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2003] [Revised: 04/20/2004] [Accepted: 05/01/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Determination of sperm concentration by use of a haemocytometer or counting chamber is an important step in semen evaluation and is also used for calibration or validation of instruments. Three experiments were carried out to determine the precision and accuracy of the Makler chamber, the Thoma haemocytometers (50 and 100 microm deep, TH-50, TH-100) and the Bürker-Türk (BT) haemocytometer. The first experiment confirmed that precision in sperm count by use of the haemocytometers (TH-50 and BT) can be increased if a higher number of sperm are counted. In contrast, the precision of the Makler chamber was relatively unaffected by the number of sperm counted and the coefficient of variation for this chamber was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than for the two haemocytometers. Experiment 2 confirmed the low precision of the Makler chamber and also showed that the TH-50 haemocytometer underestimated sperm concentration by approximately 25% in comparison to the Makler chamber and the BT haemocytometer. Experiment 3 demonstrated a slight underestimation of sperm count by the TH-100 haemocytometer in comparison to the BT haemocytometer, but both haemocytometers yielded acceptable precision (coefficients of variation were 10.4% and 9.4%, respectively). In comparison, the precision of the Makler chamber was significantly poorer (coefficient of variation 18.6%). When used for validation of a flow cytometric method which determines sperm concentration, the Makler chamber caused a higher degree of scattering of the points around the regression line than when the flow cytometric method was validated against the BT haemocytometer. It thus appears that the poor precision of the Makler chamber also affects the accuracy. It is concluded that duplicate counts by at least two technicians is recommended to achieve high precision but, that particular caution should be exerted with regard to the precision and accuracy of the used counting device.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Christensen
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, 1870 Frederiksberg C., Denmark.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Vyt P, Maes D, Rijsselaere T, Dejonckheere E, Castryck F, Van Soom A. Motility Assessment of Porcine Spermatozoa: a Comparison of Methods. Reprod Domest Anim 2004; 39:447-53. [PMID: 15598237 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2004.00538.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although widely used in practice, visual motility assessment of boar spermatozoa is a very subjective method. The aim of this study was to compare the visual motility assessment of boar spermatozoa with two objective, automated systems, namely the Sperm Quality Analyzer (SQA-IIC) and the Hamilton-Thorne computer-based semen analyzer (HTR). In addition, concentrations as determined by the Burker counting chamber and HTR were compared. Motility of 30 semen samples from 30 different boars (22 Pietrain, seven Landrace boars and one Large White) was examined during three consecutive days, subjectively by two independent persons (visual motility assessment) and objectively with both automated systems. The use of the SQA-IIC and HTR for assessing boar sperm motility was evaluated and the repeatability of the measurements was estimated. The Sperm Motility Index (SMI), determined by SQA-IIC, and the percentage motile spermatozoa determined by the HTR showed a good correlation (r=0.71; p <0.05). The visual examination performed by Person 2 showed a good correlation with the SMI (r=0.81) and with the percentage of motile spermatozoa measured by the HTR (r=0.66) (p <0.05). There was a very poor correlation and a limited agreement between the visual assessments of both persons emphasizing the subjectivity of visual motility assessment. Nevertheless, motility scores of each person during the three consecutive days were highly correlated (r=0.67 and 0.72, p <0.05). The limits of agreement plots showed poor agreement between both persons and the HTR. The repeatability of measurements for most parameters evaluated by the HTR and by the SQA-IIC was good with coefficients of variation below 10%. In addition, for fertile Pietrain boars (n=22), reference values for the different HTR-parameters are presented showing a high curvilinear velocity (157.3 +/- 19.5 microm/s) and a low straightness and linearity of the movement of the spermatozoa (62.7 +/- 8.7 and 35.5 +/- 7.6%, respectively). Concentration as determined by the Burker counting chamber (56.0 +/- 16.8 x 10(6)/ml) was significantly higher compared with HTR measurement (37.6 +/- 7.7 x 10(6)/ml). The high number of counted cells and the low variation render the HTR concentration measurement more reliable. It can be concluded that visual motility assessment is highly subjective and should therefore be replaced by automated systems that allow for a more objective and detailed motility assessment of boar spermatozoa. In addition, based on the present results, highly repeatable results were obtained by the SQA-IIC and especially by the HTR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Vyt
- Animal Health Care Flanders, Torhout, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Rijsselaere T, Van Soom A, Maes D, de Kruif A. Effect of technical settings on canine semen motility parameters measured by the Hamilton-Thorne analyzer. Theriogenology 2003; 60:1553-68. [PMID: 14519475 DOI: 10.1016/s0093-691x(03)00171-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Computerized measuring devices are needed to assess canine semen quality objectively both for research and practical purposes. As internal image settings may influence the results considerably, the effect of different technical settings and semen processing on the parameters assessed by the Hamilton-Thorne Ceros 12.1 semen analyzer (HTR Ceros 12.1) was investigated. The frame rate (15, 30 or 60 frames/s) significantly (P<0.05) influenced most of the measured motility characteristics in experiment 1 while no differences in the motility parameters were found using a different sampling duration (0.5 or 1 s, i.e. 30 or 60 frames scanned) in experiment 2. In experiment 3, an increase in sperm velocity (VAP, VSL, VCL), in linearity and in the percentage of motile and rapidly moving spermatozoa was observed with increasing sperm concentrations (25 x 10(6), 50 x 10(6) or 100 x 10(6) ml(-1)). In experiment 4, a clear effect of the diluent used was visible with higher velocity parameters (VAP, VSL, VCL) and higher percentages of motile, progressive and rapid spermatozoa for semen samples diluted in Hepes-TALP or prostatic fluid in comparison with physiological saline or egg-yolk-Tris extender. In experiment 5, significant (P<0.01) and high correlations were found between the conventional dog semen analysis methods and HTR Ceros 12.1 measurements (n=97 semen samples) for the sperm concentration (r=0.91), the motility (r=0.74) and the progressive motility (r=0.84). In experiment 6, the ejaculates from 21 proven, fertile dogs were compared with the ejaculates of a population (N: 11) of young beagles (1.5 years) but no significant differences in HTR Ceros 12.1 measurements were found between the two groups. Based on our results, diluting dog semen samples to 50 x 10(6) ml(-1) with physiological saline solution and scanning 30 frames at a frame rate of 60 frames/s (i.e. a scanning time of 0.5 s), are the set-up parameters proposed to obtain objective and standardized canine semen motility results using the HTR Ceros 12.1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Rijsselaere
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Keel BA. Quality control, quality assurance, and proficiency testing in the andrology laboratory. ARCHIVES OF ANDROLOGY 2002; 48:417-31. [PMID: 12425759 DOI: 10.1080/01485010290099147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The primary goal of any andrology laboratory should be the performance of accurate, reproducible, high-quality, and clinically relevant laboratory testing. An underlining objective of such a goal is to better serve the ordering physician, and the patient, by continually improving laboratory performance. Quality control (QC) is the procedure that determines accurate and reproducible testing. Proficiency testing (PT) is the process allowing physicians to compare results from one laboratory to another. Quality assurance (QA) is the mechanism ensuring high-quality, clinically relevant testing. Together, QC, QA, and PT serve as the foundation responsible for a program that continually improves the overall quality of the testing, allowing the physician ordering the test to be more effective in treating the patient. Several examples are presented to assist the implementation of effective QC and QA programs aimed at continually improving performance in the andrology laboratory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brooks A Keel
- Women's Research Institute, Reproductive Medicine Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita, Kansas, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
MULLER CHARLESH, BERGER RICHARDE, MOHR LISAE, KRIEGER JOHNN. COMPARISON OF MICROSCOPIC METHODS FOR DETECTING INFLAMMATION IN EXPRESSED PROSTATIC SECRETIONS. J Urol 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(05)65627-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- CHARLES H. MULLER
- From the Prostatitis Clinic and Male Fertility Laboratory, Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - RICHARD E. BERGER
- From the Prostatitis Clinic and Male Fertility Laboratory, Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - LISA E. MOHR
- From the Prostatitis Clinic and Male Fertility Laboratory, Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - JOHN N. KRIEGER
- From the Prostatitis Clinic and Male Fertility Laboratory, Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
COMPARISON OF MICROSCOPIC METHODS FOR DETECTING INFLAMMATION IN EXPRESSED PROSTATIC SECRETIONS. J Urol 2001. [DOI: 10.1097/00005392-200112000-00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
47
|
|
48
|
Iguer-ouada M, Verstegen JP. Evaluation of the "Hamilton Thorn computer-based automated system" for dog semen analysis. Theriogenology 2001; 55:733-49. [PMID: 11245262 DOI: 10.1016/s0093-691x(01)00440-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
An objective evaluation of semen is warranted to assess the canine male fertility and to select appropriate techniques and extenders for semen preservation. With conventional microscopic evaluation, the subjectivity of the analysis makes any comparison of results difficult. In the present study, we validated the Hamilton Thorn computer-aided semen analyzer (HTR-IVOS10 analyzer) for objective assessment of canine semen. A description of fertile canine motility parameters using this analyzer is reported. Semen analysis at 38 degreesC is found to be more optimal and accurate than 30 degreesC. The Makler chamber was preferred to the Cell-vu, which induced a decrease of all semen motility parameters. The repeatability of the measures was good with intra-and inter-assay coefficients of variation below 10% and 20%, respectively, for most of measured parameters. An overestimation of semen concentration, increasing with dilution of semen, was observed when HTR-IVOS10 results were compared with the classical manual Makler cell evaluation. A significant decrease in semen motility parameters was recorded when high semen dilutions were used. Generated from the analysis of 42 mature fertile male beagle dogs, a description of semen motility parameters using the CASA system is presented to serve as reference when comparing Beagle ejaculates both in clinical and experimental studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Iguer-ouada
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences of the Veterinary College, University of Liège, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Tomlinson M, Turner J, Powell G, Sakkas D. One-step disposable chambers for sperm concentration and motility assessment: how do they compare with the World Health Organization's recommended methods? Hum Reprod 2001; 16:121-124. [PMID: 11139549 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/16.1.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization suggests that 'one-step' type disposable chambers lack the accuracy and precision of the haemocytometer method for assessing sperm concentration. The purpose of this particular study was to compare sperm concentration measurements and motility using the Neubauer((R)) haemocytometer with those obtained using three 'one-step' methods: the Microcell((R)) slide, Leja((R)) slide and a plain glass slide with a 22x22 mm coverslip. A total of 200 sperm concentration measurements and 100 motility assessments were performed on all chambers. Paired comparisons showed enormous discrepancies between the counts, particularly between the Neubauer((R)) and other chambers (P < 0.0001). This discrepancy was less pronounced in oligozoospermic samples, and samples with low (<30% progression) motility but more pronounced in normozoospermic samples and those with good motility (>50% progression). In addition, concentration assessments from a fresh undiluted and unfixed semen sample on the Microcell((R)) slide were found to be significantly lower than both fixed counts on the same slide (P = 0.011) and the initial laboratory reading on the Neubauer((R)) chamber (P = 0.009). No differences were observed in progressive motility between the different chambers and a plain glass slide. There appears to be little comparison between the haemocytometer and either re-useable or disposable one-step chambers. The unfortunate consequence of this is that diagnostic semen analysis and guidelines for allocation of patients to appropriate treatment groups will vary from centre to centre, depending on the method used and may, on occasion, be erroneous.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Tomlinson
- Assisted Conception Unit, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Sokol RZ, Shulman P, Paulson RJ. Comparison of two methods for the measurement of sperm concentration. Fertil Steril 2000; 73:591-4. [PMID: 10689018 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(99)00590-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the accuracy of both the hemocytometer and the MicroCell, to evaluate which method is the most reliable, and to confirm the accuracy of latex beads as an internal standard. DESIGN Prospective procedural assessment. SETTING University-based infertility clinic. PATIENT(S) One hundred sixty-five male sexual partners of women undergoing screening for infertility. INTERVENTION(S) Semen analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT(S) Sperm and latex bead concentrations. RESULT(S) Sperm concentration values obtained with the hemocytometer were highly correlated with those obtained from the MicroCell (r = 0.88). The mean value of the latex beads concentration was closer to the standard value using the hemocytometer than the MicroCell. CONCLUSION(S) Both the hemocytometer and the MicroCell are suitable as screening techniques to measure sperm concentration. Fixed suspensions of latex beads serve as reliable internal quality control standards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Z Sokol
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Medicine, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|