Laparoscopic loop ligatures for bladder repair during laparoscopic surgery

Bladder injury mimicking acute renal failure after cesarean section: a diagnostic challenge and minimally invasive management

The reported incidence of bladder injury after cesarean section ranges from 0.14% to 0.94%. Most of the injuries were found intraoperatively. Delayed presentation is rare. We report a patient with bladder perforation presented with 'acute renal failure' and ascites 14 days after an uneventful cesarean section. Her clinical picture and initial presentation mimicked those of ureteric injury. Conventional cystography failed to demonstrate the bladder perforation. Computed tomography cystography clarified the diagnosis. Subsequent laparoscopic bladder repair resulted in quick and smooth recovery. This case highlights the pitfall of conventional cystography and the successful use of laparoscopy in management of this urologic condition. Literature was reviewed for this condition and its management.

Laparoscopic management of intraperitoneal bladder rupture secondary to blunt abdominal trauma using intracorporeal single layer suturing technique

BACKGROUND

Since Parra reported the first case of laparoscopic repair of bladder rupture caused by nonlaparoscopic injury to the bladder in 1994, several case reports have demonstrated the feasibility of this reconstructive surgical technique. We report the series of six patients that underwent laparoscopic repair of intraperitoneal bladder rupture (LRIB) because of blunt trauma using a single layer suturing technique. To our knowledge, this is the first series of LRIB reported secondary to blunt abdominal trauma.

METHODS

From January of 2002 through June of 2006, a total of 139 patients were identified in our trauma registry with bladder ruptures secondary to abdominal blunt trauma. Among them 111 (79.8%) patients had associated pelvic injury. Seventy-one patients underwent surgical exploration and open bladder repair. Six cases were managed with laparoscopic technique. Patients were positioned in supine position and a three port-technique (5 mm, 10 mm, and 12 mm) was performed using the intracorporeal single layer suturing with a 3.0 Vycril (UR-6 needle). A close system Jackson-Pratt drain was placed in the retropubic space to monitor possible urine extravasation.

RESULTS

The mean age of the patients was 47.3 years old (18-74 years). There were three female and three male patients. The average operation time was 43 minutes (31-75 minutes), mean length of bladder tear was 6.37 cm (5.3-7.7 cm), mean estimated blood loss was 16.6 cc (10-35 cc) and mean follow-up was 25.5 months (20-28 months). Two patients underwent combined orthopedic procedures. Computerized Tomography (CT) cystogram was performed between 5 days and 7 days after surgery with no signs of leakage in all patients.

CONCLUSION

LRIB perforation because of blunt abdominal trauma using single layer intracorporeal suturing technique is a minimally invasive alternative to open surgery in well selected patients with no other intrabdominal injuries or intracranial pressure issues, offering faster recovery and better cosmetic results.

Laparoscopic Repair of Idiopathic Perforation of Urinary Bladder

A 45-year-old man presented with a 10-day history of dysuria and abdominal distention. Clinical examination revealed free intraperitoneal fluid and tenderness in the lower abdomen. Hematological and biochemical parameters were normal except blood urea nitrogen of 76 mg/dL and serum creatinine of 3.4 mg/dL. Ultrasonography confirmed moderate ascites with normal-appearing kidneys. In view of high creatinine level, normal kidneys, and acute-onset moderate ascites, urinary ascites was suspected. A micturating cystogram showed extensive intraperitoneal extravasation of the contrast. Cystoscopy identified a 2.5-cm perforation on the right side of the dome of the bladder. A laparoscopic closure of the perforation was carried out in 2 layers. The histopathology of the excised edge showed nonspecific inflammatory changes, and a subsequent urodynamic study was normal. The patient remains well 3 years later. This case highlights the successful use of laparoscopy in the treatment of a rare urological condition and reviews the previously reported cases of laparoscopic closure of bladder perforation.