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Kopolrat KY, Sithithaworn P, Kiatsopit N, Namsanor J, Pitaksakulrat O, Yasaka P, Saichua P, Saijuntha W, Tesana S, Andrews RH, Petney TN. Population dynamics and diversity of trematode infections in Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos in an irrigated area in northeast Thailand. Parasitology 2022; 149:407-417. [PMID: 35264269 PMCID: PMC11010533 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021001992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Several trematodes including Opisthorchis viverrini utilize Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos as a snail intermediate host in their life cycles. In order to capture a comprehensive range of host–parasite interactions and their transmission dynamic patterns, B. s. goniomphalos were sampled monthly over 4 consecutive years in an irrigated paddy-field habitat in northeast Thailand. Using a standard cercarial shedding method, a high diversity of trematodes (17 types) was recovered. Virgulate xiphidiocercariae were the most prevalent (7.84%) followed by O. viverrini (0.71%). In addition to seasonal and environmental factors, the quantity of irrigation water for rice cultivation correlated with transmission dynamics of trematodes in B. s. goniomphalos. The peak prevalence of all trematode infections combined in the snails shifted from the cool-dry season in 2010–2012 to the hot-dry season in 2013 associated with an increasing quantity of water irrigation. A low frequency of mixed trematode infections was found, indicating that the emergence of virgulate cercariae, but not of O. viverrini, was negatively impacted by the presence of other trematodes in the same snail. Taken together, the observed results suggest that interactions between host and parasite, and hence transmission dynamics, depend on specific characteristics of the parasite and environmental factors including irrigated water for rice cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kulthida Y. Kopolrat
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Paiboon Sithithaworn
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Nadda Kiatsopit
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Jutamas Namsanor
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Opal Pitaksakulrat
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen40002, Thailand
| | - Patiwat Yasaka
- Faculty of Management Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Surin Campus, Surin, Thailand
| | - Prasert Saichua
- Tropical Medicine Graduate Program, Academic Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Weerachai Saijuntha
- Walai Rukhavej Botanical Research Institute, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham44150, Thailand
| | - Smarn Tesana
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen40002, Thailand
| | - Ross H. Andrews
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, South Wharf Street, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - Trevor N. Petney
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- State Museum of Natural History Karlsruhe, Evolution and Paleontology, Erbprinzenstrasse 13, 76133Karlsruhe, Germany
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Abstract
Babesiosis, caused by piroplasmid protozoans in the genus Babesia, is arguably the most important vector-borne disease of livestock and companion animals and is growing in importance as a zoonosis. Ixodid ticks were identified as vectors more than a hundred years ago, but the particular tick species transmitting some significant pathogens are still unknown. Moreover, it is only recently that the complexity of the pathogen-tick relationship has been revealed as a result of studies enabled by gene expression and RNA interference methodology. In this article, we provide details of demonstrated and incriminated vectors, maps of the current knowledge of vector distribution, a summary of established features of the pathogen life cycle in the vector, and an outline of molecular research on pathogen-tick relationships. The article concludes with a discussion of vector ecology and disease epidemiology in a global-change context and with suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy S Gray
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland;
| | | | - Annetta Zintl
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland;
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Mesa LM, Lindt I, Negro L, Gutierrez MF, Mayora G, Montalto L, Ballent M, Lifschitz A. Aquatic toxicity of ivermectin in cattle dung assessed using microcosms. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 144:422-429. [PMID: 28654874 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ivermectin (IVM) is a parasiticide widely used for livestock. It is a semisynthetic derivative of avermectin, a macrocyclic lactone produced by Streptomyces avermitilis. This drug is only partly metabolized by livestock; considerable amounts of parent drug are excreted mostly via feces. To simulate exposure of aquatic invertebrates and macrophytes to direct excretion of cattle dung into surface waters, a microcosm experiment with IVM spiked in cattle dung was conducted. The objectives of this study were to characterize accumulation of IVM in water, sediment+dung, roots of the floating fern Salvinia and the zooplankton Ceriodaphnia dubia, the amphipod Hyalella and the apple snail Pomacea; to determine the effect of this drug spiked in cattle dung on life-history traits of these invertebrates; and to evaluate the influence of IVM on aquatic nutrient cycling. Dung was spiked with IVM to attain concentrations of 1150, 458, 50 and 22µgkg-1dung fresh weight, approximating those found in cattle dung at days 3, 7, 16 and 29 following subcutaneous injection. Concentrations found in dung during the first week of excretion were lethally toxic to Ceriodaphnia dubia and Hyalella, whereas no mortality was observed in Pomacea. Concentrations of IVM in roots, sediment + dung and Pomacea increased significantly from the lowest to the highest treatment level. The effect of this drug on decomposition and release of nutrients from dung would have negative consequences for nutrient cycling in water. Increasing concentrations in sediment + dung with days of the experiment suggested that toxic concentrations would persist for an extended period in the water-sediment system. IVM represents an ecological risk for aquatic ecosystems, underscoring the need for livestock management strategies to limit its entry into water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia M Mesa
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI-CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, CP 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - I Lindt
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas - Escuela Superior de Sanidad "Dr. Ramón Carrillo", UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - L Negro
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI-CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, CP 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas - Escuela Superior de Sanidad "Dr. Ramón Carrillo", UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M F Gutierrez
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI-CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, CP 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas - Escuela Superior de Sanidad "Dr. Ramón Carrillo", UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - G Mayora
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI-CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, CP 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - L Montalto
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI-CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, CP 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias (UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M Ballent
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET-CICPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
| | - A Lifschitz
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET-CICPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
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Peck SL, Bouyer J. Mathematical modeling, spatial complexity, and critical decisions in tsetse control. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2012; 105:1477-1486. [PMID: 23156140 DOI: 10.1603/ec12067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The tsetse fly complex (Glossina spp.) is widely recognized as a key contributor to the African continent's continuing struggle to emerge from deep economic, social, and political problems. Vector control, the backbone of intensive efforts to remove the human and livestock trypanosomosis problem, has been typified by spectacular successes and failures. There is widespread agreement that integrated vector control, combined with direct disease treatment and prevention, has to play a major role in alleviating the tsetse burden in Africa. Mathematical and computer-based simulation models have been extensively used to try to understand how best to manage these control efforts. Such models in ecology have been helpful in giving broad generalizations about population dynamics and control. Unfortunately, in many ways they have inadequately addressed key aspects of the fly's biology and ecology, particularly the spatio-temporal variability of its habitats. These too must factor in any control efforts. Mathematical models have inherent limitations that must be considered in their use for control programs. In this review, we consider some of the controversies being debated within the field of ecology and evolution about the use of mathematical models and critically review several models that have been influential in structuring tsetse control efforts. We also make recommendations on the appropriate role that mathematical and simulation models should play when used for these purposes. Management programs are often vulnerable to naively using these models inappropriately. The questions raised in this review will apply broadly to many conservation and area-wide pest control programs with an ecological component relying on mathematical and computer simulation models to inform their decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Peck
- Biology Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
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Abstract
The changes taking place within the societies, cultures and the environments in which we live are massive and complex. By referring to simple epidemiological models it is possible to build an objective framework with which to look at these changes in terms of their likely impact on the epidemiology of parasitic diseases within human communities. These parameters are listed for hosts and both micro- and macroparasites, as are epidemiologically significant cultural, social and environmental variables. Changes in these variables may be either detrimental or beneficial to human health and may, in addition, interact in complex ways. Examples of the complexity of changes which can influence epidemiology are provided for a cultural template of the population living in the north-east of Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Petney
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
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