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Corradi S, Mazzoccanti G, Ghirga F, Quaglio D, Nevola L, Massera C, Ugozzoli F, Giannini G, Ciogli A, D’Acquarica I. Synthesis of Bromoundecyl Resorc[4]arenes and Applications of the Cone Stereoisomer as Selector for Liquid Chromatography. J Org Chem 2018; 83:7683-7693. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Corradi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Giulia Mazzoccanti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesca Ghirga
- Center For Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Deborah Quaglio
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Laura Nevola
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
- IDP Discovery Pharma, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chiara Massera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma and INSTM UdR Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Franco Ugozzoli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Architettura, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 181/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giannini
- Corporate R&D, Alfasigma S.p.A., Via Pontina km 30,400, 00071 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Alessia Ciogli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Ilaria D’Acquarica
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
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Hu K, Qiao Y, Deng Z, Wu M, Liu W. SPE-UHPLC-FLD Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Five Anthraquinones in Human Urine Using Mixed-Mode Bis(tetraoxacalix[2]arene[2]triazine) Modified Silica as Sorbent. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2017; 2017:1963908. [PMID: 29093981 PMCID: PMC5637848 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1963908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The five anthraquinones compounds (including aloe-emodin, emodin, physcion, chrysophanol, and rhein) are regarded as the main effective ingredients in rhubarb (Dahuang in Chinese, one of the commonly used Chinese herbal medicines). In this work, a simple and effective solid phase extraction (SPE) method based on bis(tetraoxacalix[2]arene[2]triazine) modified silica gel as adsorbent was developed. Coupled with UHPLC-FLD, the developed method was successfully applied for the measuring of main anthraquinones in human urine after oral administration of the extracts of rhubarb. To obtain the highest recoveries of the five anthraquinones in the SPE process, the main parameters which may affect extraction efficiency were optimized. The optimized sorbent amount, sample loading pH, sample loading rate, washing solution, and eluent condition were obtained. The developed method showed good linearity in 0.012-1.800 μg mL-1 for the five anthraquinones with correlation coefficients more than 0.9993. The investigated LOD values ranged from 3.9 to 5.7 ng mL-1, while the LOQs were between 12.0 and 18.2 ng mL-1. The recoveries of the method were also investigated, which were in the range of 94.8-106.6%. The application of the mixed-mode SPE materials in the proposed method was feasible and simple, and suitable for the enrichment of anthraquinones in urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hu
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Yonghui Qiao
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Zhifen Deng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Mingxia Wu
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450008, China
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Hu K, Deng Z, Li S, Wu M, Liu W, Zhang S. SPE-UHPLC-DAD Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Three Flavonoids in Grape Juice by Using Bis(tetraoxacalix[2]arene[2]triazine)-Modified Silica as Sorbent. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-0904-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Chen Y, Yang L, Zhang W, Deng Z, Wang F, Li Y, Meng L, Wu N, Ban F, Zhang S. Simultaneous Analysis of Two Phytohormones in Chili and Wheat Using HPLC Using Novel Calixarene as SPE Sorbent. J Chromatogr Sci 2017; 55:358-365. [PMID: 27789527 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmw173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) detection method, using tetraazacalix[2]arene[2]triazine-modified silica gel (NCS) as solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbent, was developed for extracting and purifying the two phytohormones (indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA)) in chili and wheat samples from different organs of chili and wheat. The limits of detection were about 0.02 and 0.04 μg/mL, and the limits of quantification were 0.04 and 0.20 μg/mL for IAA and IBA, respectively. The intraday and interday RSDs (n = 6) of peak areas and retention times were in the range of 0.76-1.20%. In addition, overall recoveries through the extraction and NCS-SPE purification ranged from 78.4% to 86.8% for IAA and IBA were obtained. Compared with the commercial SPE sorbents, NCS featured excellent selectivity to retain IAA and IBA in the sample matrices. In addition, the results more clearly indicated that high IAA and IBA content existed in roots and leaves of wheat and chili; in other organs of the plants, the concentration of the two phytohormones is lower. The results from theoretical computation were consistent with the retention behaviors of IAA and IBA on NCS. The proposed NCS-SPE-HPLC method is highly effective for trace analysis of the two phytohormones in plant samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry of Henan, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Liu Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry of Henan, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Wenfen Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry of Henan, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Zhifen Deng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry of Henan, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Fei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry of Henan, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry of Henan, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Lei Meng
- Veterinary Drug Supervision & Animal Husbandry Bureau of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
| | - Ningpeng Wu
- Veterinary Drug Supervision & Animal Husbandry Bureau of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
| | - Fuguo Ban
- Veterinary Drug Supervision & Animal Husbandry Bureau of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry of Henan, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
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Hu K, Feng S, Wu M, Wang S, Zhao W, Jiang Q, Yu A, Zhang S. Development of a V-shape bis(tetraoxacalix[2]arene[2]triazine) stationary phase for High performance liquid chromatography. Talanta 2014; 130:63-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Liquid chromatographic behavior of two alanine-substituted calix[4]arene-bonded silica gel stationary phases. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:3268-75. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Chamseddin C, Jira T. Chromatography Modeling Software Applicability for Non-Conventional Columns: a Case Study of Calixarene- and Resorcinarene-Bonded Stationary Phases. Chromatographia 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-014-2709-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Chamseddin C, Molnár I, Jira T. Intergroup cross-comparison for the evaluation of data-interchangeability from various chromatographic tests. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1297:146-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Evaluation of the Chromatographic Performance of Conventional, Polar-Endcapped and Calixarene-Bonded Stationary Phases for the Separation of Water-Soluble Vitamins. Chromatographia 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2417-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Mokhtari B, Pourabdollah K. PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BONDED-PHASES OF NANO-BASKETS BEARING SULFONYL-CARBOXAMIDE. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.643524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Mokhtari
- a Razi Chemistry Research Center (RCRC) , Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University , Shahreza , Iran
| | - Kobra Pourabdollah
- a Razi Chemistry Research Center (RCRC) , Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University , Shahreza , Iran
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12
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Mokhtari B, Pourabdollah K. Chromatographic separation of clenbuterol by bonded phases bearing nano-baskets of p-tert-calix[4]-1,2-crown-3, -crown-4, -crown-5 and -crown-6. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2012; 92:2679-2688. [PMID: 22505058 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clenbuterol (salbutamol), which increases muscle mass and decreases adipose tissue, is misused as a nutrient-repartitioning agent in livestock. In this paper a new sensitive method for determining clenbuterol in livestock is presented. The novelty of this approach is the separation and determination of salbutamol enantiomers with marked quantitative merits. RESULTS Four proton di-ionisable Nano-baskets, namely 5,11,17,23-tetrakis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-25,26-bis(carboxy-methoxy)calix[4]arene-27,28-crown-3, -crown-4, -crown-5 and -crown-6 in the cone conformation, were synthesised and used to prepare bonded phases for high-performance liquid chromatography separation. The new synthesised bonded phases were characterised and optimised. The bonding interactions of solute/bonded phases were examined and the main interactions are reported. CONCLUSION The clenbuterol levels in six samples of livestock meat (pork, pork casing, beef, beef casing, mutton and mutton casing) were analysed and the results revealed that for the best bonded phases the limits of detection and quantitation were 0.06 and 0.2 µg mL(-1) respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Mokhtari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza, Iran
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Zhao W, Wang W, Chang H, Cui S, Hu K, He L, Lu K, Liu J, Wu Y, Qian J, Zhang S. Tetraazacalix[2]arene[2]triazine modified silica gel: A novel multi-interaction stationary phase for mixed-mode chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1251:74-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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New oxo-bridged calix[2]arene[2]triazine stationary phase for high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1223:72-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Hu K, Yu A, Zhang J, Wen F, Liang S, Zhao X, Ye B, Wu Y, Zhang S. Development of Three End-Capped Para-Benzoyl Calix[4,6, or 8]arene Bonded Stationary Phases for HPLC. J Chromatogr Sci 2012; 50:123-30. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmr041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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16
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Hu K, Zhao W, Wen F, Liu J, Zhao X, Xu Z, Niu B, Ye B, Wu Y, Zhang S. Investigation on the preparation and chromatographic behavior of a new para-tert-butylcalix[4]arene-1,2-crown-4 stationary phase for high performance liquid chromatography. Talanta 2011; 85:317-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2011] [Revised: 03/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Mokhtari B, Pourabdollah K, Dalali N. Applications of Nano-Baskets of Calixarenes in Chromatography. Chromatographia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-011-1954-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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18
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Schneider C, Jira T. Selectivity of calixarene-bonded silica phases in HPLC: Description of special characteristics with a multiple term linear equation at different methanol concentrations. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:2943-55. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Schneider C, Menyes U, Jira T. Characterization of calixarene-bonded stationary phases. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:2930-42. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Śliwka-Kaszyńska M, Jaszcołt K, Anusiewicz I. 1,3-Alternate
calix[4]arene-bonded silica stationary phases. Effect of calixarene skeleton substituents on the retention mechanism and column selectivity. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:3107-15. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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21
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Varga A, Huszár M, Dobos Z, Kiss &E, Horváth A, Idei M. Characterisation of mixed lithium dodecyl sulphate/lithium perfluorooctanesulphonate pseudo‐stationary phases in MEKC. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:1923-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Tran CD, Mejac I, Rebek J, Hooley RJ. Gas Chromatographic Separation of Isotopic Molecules Using a Cavitand-Impregnated Ionic Liquid Stationary Phase. Anal Chem 2008; 81:1244-54. [DOI: 10.1021/ac8021423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chieu D. Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, and Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Irena Mejac
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, and Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Julius Rebek
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, and Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Richard J. Hooley
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, and Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
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Sliwka-Kaszynska M, Karaszewski S. Preparation and HPLC evaluation of a new1,3-alternate25,27-bis-[p-chlorobenzyloxy]-26,28-bis-[3-propyloxy]-calix[4]arene silica bonded stationary phase. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:926-34. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Yin J, Wang L, Wei X, Yang G, Wang H. p-tert-Butylcalix[8]arene-bonded silica monoliths for liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1188:199-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2007] [Revised: 02/03/2008] [Accepted: 02/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Tian Y, Zhang L, Zeng Z, Li H. Calix[4] open-chain crown ether-modified, vinyl-functionalized hybrid silica monolith for capillary electrochromatography. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:960-70. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ding C, Qu K, Li Y, Hu K, Liu H, Ye B, Wu Y, Zhang S. Preparation and characterization of six calixarene bonded stationary phases for high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1170:73-81. [PMID: 17915228 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2007] [Revised: 09/07/2007] [Accepted: 09/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Six calixarene bonded silica gel stationary phases were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis. Their chromatographic performance was investigated by using PAHs, aromatic positional isomers and E- and Z-ethyl 3-(4-acetylphenyl) acrylate isomers as probes. Separation mechanism based on the different interactions between calixarenes and analytes were discussed. The chromatographic behaviors of those analytes on the calixarene columns were influenced by the supramolecular interaction including pi-pi interaction, space steric hindrance and hydrogen bonding interaction between calixarenes and analytes. Notably, the presence of polar groups (-OH, -NO(2) and -NH(2)) in the aromatic isomers could improve their separation selectivity on calixarene phase columns. The results from quantum chemistry calculation using DFT-B3LYP/STO-3G* base group were consistent with the retention behaviors of PHAs on calix[4]arene column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghua Ding
- Chemistry Department, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry of Henan, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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Jaszczołt K, Śliwka-Kaszyńska M. Preparation and Evaluation of 1,3-alternate 25,27-Bis-[p-nitrobenzyloxy]-26,28-bis-[3-propyloxy]-calix[4]arene-bonded Silica Gel Stationary Phase for LC. Chromatographia 2007. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-007-0419-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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28
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Śliwka-Kaszyńska M. Calixarenes as Stationary Phases in High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10408340701244672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Li L, Da S, Feng Y, Liu M. Preparation and Evaluation of a New Calix[4]arene‐Bonded Stationary Phase for HPLC. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-200025694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lai‐Sheng Li
- a Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan , 4300721 , P.R. China
- b Analytical and Testing Center , Nanchang University , Nanchang , P.R. China
| | - Shi‐Lu Da
- a Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan , 4300721 , P.R. China
| | - Yu‐Qi Feng
- a Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan , 4300721 , P.R. China
| | - Min Liu
- a Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan , 4300721 , P.R. China
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Tian Y, Zeng Z, Chen Y, Xie C, Li H, Yang X. Open‐Tubular Capillary Electrochromatography Using Capillaries Modified with p‐tert‐Butylcalix[4]arene‐1,3‐bis(allyloxyethy)ether. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070500274356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Tian
- a Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhaorui Zeng
- a Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yuanyin Chen
- a Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Chuanhui Xie
- a Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Haibing Li
- b Institute of Materia Medica, School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiangliang Yang
- b Institute of Materia Medica, School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, 430074, China
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Li H, Chen Y, Zeng Z, Xie C, Yang X. p-tert-Butylcalix[4]arene-1,3-bis(allyloxyethoxy)ether Coated Capillaries for Open-Tubular Electrochromatography. ANAL SCI 2005; 21:717-20. [PMID: 15984214 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.21.717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The preparation and characterization of p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene-1,3-bis(allyloxyethoxy)ether (CA[4]-BAE) chemically coated capillaries via a free-radical reaction with vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) that was attached onto the inner wall previously were carried out. IR spectra and decreased electroosmotic flow (EOF) suggested that the capillary was successfully coated with CA[4]-BAE. A slight slope of EOF versus pH at 5 < pH < 9 would help to make the separation reproducible. The CA[4]-BAE-coated capillary showed improved separations of toluidine isomers, naphthol isomers and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) compared with an uncoated capillary. The special selectivity indicates that there is a certain extent of host-guest interactions between the solutes and the CA[4]-BAE coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibing Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Liu M, Li L, Da S, Feng Y. Preparation ofp‐tert‐Butyl‐Calix[8]arene Bonded Silica Stationary Phase and Separation for Steroid Hormone Medicines. ANAL LETT 2004. [DOI: 10.1081/al-200035899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Li L, Da S, Feng Y, Liu M. HPLC Separation of Neutral, Acidic, and Basic Compounds on ap‐tert‐Butyl‐calix[8]arene‐bonded Stationary Phase. ANAL LETT 2004. [DOI: 10.1081/al-200032073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Rivera A, Quevedo R. Solvent-free Mannich-type reaction as a strategy for synthesizing novel heterocalixarenes. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sliwka-Kaszyńska M, Jaszczołt K, Witt D, Rachoń J. High-performance liquid chromatography of di- and trisubstituted aromatic positional isomers on 1,3-alternate 25,27-dipropoxy-26,28-bis-[3-propyloxy]-calix[4]arene-bonded silica gel stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1055:21-8. [PMID: 15560476 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new 1,3-alternate 25,27-dipropoxy-26,28-bis-[3-propyloxy]-calix[4]arene-bonded silica gel stationary phase (1,3-Alt CalixPr) has been prepared and used for the separation of di- and trisubstituted aromatic positional isomers by HPLC. The effect of organic modifier content, pH and column temperature on retention and selectivity of the benzene derivatives were studied. The retention mechanism was also discussed. The results indicated that the stationary phase behaves like a reversed-phase packing. However inclusion, hydrophobic, hydrogen bonding and pi-pi interactions seem to be involved in separation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Sliwka-Kaszyńska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland.
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Li LS, Da SL, Feng YQ, Liu M. Preparation and characterization of a p-tert-butyl-calix[6]-1,4-benzocrown-4-bonded silica gel stationary phase for liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1040:53-61. [PMID: 15248425 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A p-tert-butyl-calix[6]-1,4-benzocrown-4-bonded silica gel stationary phase (CR6BS) was first prepared via 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane as coupling reagent for high performance liquid chromatography. The structure of the new stationary phase was characterized by diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT), elemental analysis and thermal analysis. The chromatographic performance of the bonded-stationary phase was evaluated by using neutral, acidic and basic solutes as probes. Meanwhile, comparative study of the new stationary phase with a p-tert-butyl-calix[6]arene-bonded silica gel stationary phase (C6BS, the parent) and ODS was done under the same chromatographic conditions. The results show that the new stationary phase has an excellent reversed-phase property, which is similar to C6BS and ODS. However, the selectivities for some aromatic compounds are different from the parent phase (C6BS) and ODS, especially the latter. In one hand, as hybrid of calixarene and crown ether, CR6BS with the oxygen atoms of ether-bridge can provide the complexation sites for the solutes, lacking of C6BS. On the other hand, the rigid conformation of CR6BS may be responsible to the different performance partially. CR6BS exhibits high selectivity in the separation of alkylated aromatics from their parents as compared with C6BS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai-Sheng Li
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, China.
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High thermal-stable sol–gel-coated calix[4]arene fiber for solid-phase microextraction of chlorophenols. Anal Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2003.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Li X, Zeng Z, Gao S, Li H. Preparation and characteristics of sol–gel-coated calix[4]arene fiber for solid-phase microextraction. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1023:15-25. [PMID: 14760845 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2003.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
5,11,17,23-Tetra-tert-butyl-25,27-diethoxy-26,28-dihydroxycalix[4]arene/hydroxy-terminated silicone oil coated fiber was first prepared and applied for solid-phase microextraction (SPME) with sol-gel technology. The possible sol-gel mechanism was discussed and confirmed by IR spectra. It showed wonderful selectivity and sensitivity to polar (aromatic amines), nonpolar (benzene derivatives, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and high boiling point compounds (phthalates) and the extraction equilibria were reached quite fast. The coating has high thermal stability (380 degrees C) and solvent stability (organic and inorganic), thus its lifetime is longer than conventional fibers. In addition, it has surprising fiber-to-fiber and batch-to-batch reproducibility. The detection limits were quite low and the linear ranges were pretty broad for all analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Li LS, Da SL, Feng YQ, Liu M. Preparation and Characterization of a New p-tert-Butyl-calix[8]arene-bonded Stationary Phase for High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. ANAL SCI 2004; 20:561-4. [PMID: 15068306 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20.561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A new p-tert-butyl-calix[8]arene-bonded silica gel stationary phase (CABS) was prepared via 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane as a coupling reagent for HPLC. Its structure was characterized by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT), elemental analysis and thermal analysis. The chromatographic performance of new packing was evaluated by using basic, acidic and neutral aromatic compounds as probes compared with conventional ODS. The results show that the new stationary phase has an excellent reversed-phase property and high selectivities for substituted aromatics compared with ODS, because CABS can provide various sites for the analytes, such as hydrogen-bonding interactions, pi-pi interactions, and inclusion complex, besides hydrophobic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai-Sheng Li
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P R China
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Sokoliess T, Schönherr J, Menyes U, Roth U, Jira T. Characterization of calixarene- and resorcinarene-bonded stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2003; 1021:71-82. [PMID: 14735976 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2003.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
New HPLC phases with supramolecular selectors on the basis of calixarenes and resorcinarenes were investigated for the first time by means of empirically based test mixtures. The tests, originally developed for common reversed phases, were chosen to evaluate fundamental chromatographic properties of the new materials. In the first part of these studies three descriptors (hydrophobic retention capacity--k'(hyd), hydrophobic selectivity--alpha(hyd), steric selectivity--alpha(ster)) were determined. Except of higher alpha(ster) values and alpha(hyd) values with some methods for the resorcinarene phase the phases with supramolecular selectors were classified as less hydrophobic possessing lower hydrophobic and steric selectivities compared to three RP-C18 phases and a p-tert-butyl phenyl ether phase. The results were confirmed by means of a separation of geometric isomers of thioxanthenes. In contrast, in spite of lower k'(hyd) and alpha(hyd) values calixarene phases were more selective than the Kromasil-C18 phase in the separation of gestagenic and androgenic steroids due to specific interactions with the steroids of similar lipophilicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Sokoliess
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Strasse 17, Greifswald D-17487, Germany
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Skogsberg U, Händel H, Gesele E, Sokoließ T, Menyes U, Jira T, Roth U, Albert K. Investigation of the retention behaviour of steroids with calixarene-based stationary phases by modern NMR spectroscopy. J Sep Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200301527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Wu X, Liu H, Liu H, Zhang S, Haddad PR. Preparation and characterization of p-tert-butylcalix[8]arene bonded capillaries for open-tubular capillary electrochromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(02)01519-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Two Calix-Crown Based Stationary Phases. Synthesis, Chromatographic Performance and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Investigation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-7862(02)00022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sokoliess T, Menyes U, Roth U, Jira T. Separation of cis- and trans-isomers of thioxanthene and dibenz[b,e]oxepin derivatives on calixarene- and resorcinarene-bonded high-performance liquid chromatography stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2002; 948:309-19. [PMID: 12831207 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)01317-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The chromatographic behavior of six calix[n]arene phases (n=4, 6, 8) and one calix[4]resorcinarene phase is described for the separation of cis- and trans-isomers of three thioxanthene (flupentixol, clopenthixol, chlorprothixene) and one benz[b,e]oxepin derivative (doxepin). The influences of two different organic modifiers (MeOH, MeCN) for the separation of the isomers on every column are described. Different selectivities of the stationary phases exist as a function of the ring size of the calixarenes and their substitution at the "upper rim" with p-tert.-butyl groups. Furthermore, the influence of free phenol groups on the resorcinarene phase is discussed. Relations between structural elements of the analytes and the retention behavior on the stationary phases are found. The selectivity of the calixarene and resorcinarene stationary phases is compared with a RP-C18 phase containing the same base silica. Advantages of the resorcinarene as well as of the calixarene columns exist for the separation of cis- and trans-isomers of three compounds dependent from the substitution in position 2 of the thioxanthenes, respectively the kind of the basic side chain of all substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Sokoliess
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Ernsrt-Moritz-Arndr-University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Strasse 17, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany
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