Fused-silica capillary gas chromatographic separation of alditol acetates of neutral and amino sugars

Simultaneous determination of neutral and amino sugars in biological materials

A method is described for the simultaneous analysis of nine neutral and three amino sugars. Mixtures of standard sugars and biological samples were acid hydrolyzed with a two step Saeman procedure, neutralized with BaCO3, reduced with sodium borohydride, acidified, evaporated and alditol acetates prepared. Baseline resolution was achieved on a glass-capillary SP-2340 column in ca. 52 min. Reproducibility, response factors and hydrolysis losses were determined. Quantitation was linear over the range of 10-20 micrograms/ml to 2000 micrograms/ml. Conditions were defined for the reproducible quantitation of muramic acid.

Capillary gas-chromatographic analysis of monosaccharides: improvements and comparisons using trifluoroacetylation and trimethylsilylation of sugar O-benzyl- and O-methyl-oximes

Two new procedures for the gas-chromatographic analysis of monosaccharides are reported. One involves derivatization of the sugars by reaction with O-benzylhydroxylamine followed by trifluoroacetylation with N-methylbis(trifluoroacetamide) and chromatography on a DB-1701 capillary column. This technique probably provides the best resolution achieved to date of the C3-C6 aldoses, as well as of the corresponding alditols. Ketoses can be qualitatively analyzed by this method, but complications interfere with their quantitative analysis. The second procedure also involves initial derivatization as the O-benzyloxime, but is followed by trimethylsilylation with 1-trimethylsilylimidazole, and chromatography on a DB-17 column. This technique is particularly useful for C5 sugars, C6 ketoses, and mixtures of sugars, alditols, and/or lactones. A number of additional, critical, observations on the derivatization and capillary gas-chromatographic analysis of monosaccharides are described.

A quantitative determination by capillary gas-liquid chromatography of neutral and amino sugars (as O-methyloxime acetates), and a study on hydrolytic conditions for glycoproteins and polysaccharides in order to increase sugar recoveries

Complete gas-liquid chromatographic separation of O-methyloxime acetates (syn and anti isomers) prepared from eight neutral sugars, three hexosamines, and muramic acid has been obtained, using a fused-silica Carbowax 20M capillary column. A single hydrolytic step for carbohydrate-containing biological material (less than or equal to 2.5 X 10(-3) M sugar solution in 4 N trifluoroacetic acid at 125 degrees C for 1 h) has been developed, and results have been compared with those obtained with standard hydrolytic conditions in order to ensure complete release of amino sugars from glycoproteins, together with minimum losses of neutral sugars. The combination of this acid hydrolysis with the above improved derivatization procedure for the gas-liquid chromatographic analysis has led to a simple, rapid, and sensitive analytical method, which has been successfully tested on three glycoproteins (fetuin, mucin, and peroxidase) and two plant cell-wall polysaccharide fractions (soluble fibers from carrots and soybeans).

Capillary gas chromatographic analysis of alditol acetates of neutral and amino sugars in bacterial cell walls

Several improvements in the preparation of alditol acetates of neutral and amino sugars and in the preparation of glass capillary columns for their separation are described. Modifications in sample preparation permitted the simultaneous processing of multiple samples and eliminated extraneous background peaks. Efficient and inert columns were tailor-made for the separation of alditol acetates of neutral and amino sugars by leaching glass capillaries with aqueous hydrochloric acid and dynamically coating with SP-2330.

Detection of neutral and aminosugars from glycoproteins and polysaccharides as their alditol acetates

A new method for the preparation and separation of alditol acetates from neutral sugars has been applied to aminosugars. Reduced aminosugars were rapidly acetylated using 1-methylimidazole as the catalyst without removal of borate formed during reduction. The alditol acetates were separated by glass capillary gas chromatography on Silar 10C. The alditol acetates of aminosugars had retention times much longer than those of neutral sugars. However, the alditol acetates of the deamination products of aminosugars had shorter retention times and were resolved from those of neutral sugars. This method was used for the simultaneous detection of neutral and aminosugars in acid hydrolysates of chitin and the glycoproteins, ovalbumin and peroxidase.