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Abdollahizad E, Dadashzadeh S, Bahri S, Abbasian Z, Rezaee E. Amphotericin B Pharmacokinetics: Inter-strain Differences in Rats Following Intravenous Administration of the Most Commonly Marketed Formulations of the Drug. Iran J Pharm Res 2023; 22:e134772. [PMID: 38116555 PMCID: PMC10728861 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-134772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Amphotericin B (AmB) is the first-line drug to treat invasive fungal infections. However, its delivery to the body and clinical use faces many challenges because of its poor solubility, poor pharmacokinetics, and severe nephrotoxicity. Objectives Due to the necessity for designing safer and more effective nanocarriers for AmB and the importance of preclinical pharmacokinetic studies in evaluating these novel drug delivery systems, the present study was framed to explore the influence of rat strain on the pharmacokinetic profile of this drug. Methods Twenty-four Wistar and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were intravenously injected with 1 mg/kg AmB as Fungizone or AmBisome, which are the two most commonly marketed formulations of the drug. Blood samples were collected before and at regular intervals up to 24 h after administration. Drug concentration was analyzed by a validated HPLC method, and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by the non-compartmental method. Results Irrespective of the type of formulation, the AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ values were significantly higher (P < 0.001), and Cl as an important PK parameter was markedly lower (P < 0.001) in SD rats compared to the Wistar strain. For Fungizone, the mean Cl values in SD and Wistar rats were 206.90 and 462.95 mL/h/kg (P < 0.001), respectively. The apparent volume of distribution (Vss) was also lower in SD rats compared to Wistar; however, for AmBisome, the difference in Vss was not statistically significant. Our further investigation suggested that the higher amount of total protein in the SD strain may justify the higher plasma concentrations and lower Cl and Vss of amphotericin B in this strain compared to the Wistar strain. Conclusions Overall, following intravenous administration of AmB, there were significant differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug between two rat strains for both formulations. The obtained data is important for correctly interpreting experimental data from different research groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfan Abdollahizad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simin Dadashzadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Bahri
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Abbasian
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Rezaee
- Department of Medical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Patil MU, Rajput A, Belgamwar VS, Chalikwar SS. Development and characterization of amphotericin B nanoemulsion-loaded mucoadhesive gel for treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Heliyon 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Pippa LF, Marques MP, da Silva ACT, Vilar FC, de Haes TM, da Fonseca BAL, Martinez R, Coelho EB, Wichert-Ana L, Lanchote VL. Sensitive LC-MS/MS Methods for Amphotericin B Analysis in Cerebrospinal Fluid, Plasma, Plasma Ultrafiltrate, and Urine: Application to Clinical Pharmacokinetics. Front Chem 2021; 9:782131. [PMID: 34912784 PMCID: PMC8666623 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.782131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurocryptococcosis, a meningoencephalitis caused by Cryptococcus spp, is treated with amphotericin B (AmB) combined with fluconazole. The integrity of the brain-blood barrier and the composition of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may change due to infectious and/or inflammatory diseases such as neurocryptococcosis allowing for the penetration of AmB into the central nervous system. The present study aimed to develop LC-MS/MS methods capable of quantifying AmB in CSF at any given time of the treatment in addition to plasma, plasma ultrafiltrate, with sensitivity compatible with the low concentrations of AmB reported in the CSF. The methods were successfully validated in the four matrices (25 μl, 5-1,000 ng ml-1 for plasma or urine; 100 μl, 0.625-250 ng ml-1 for plasma ultrafiltrate; 100 μl, 0.1-250 ng ml-1 for CSF) using protein precipitation. The methods were applied to investigate the pharmacokinetics of AmB following infusions of 100 mg every 24 h for 16 days administered as a lipid complex throughout the treatment of a neurocryptococcosis male patient. The methods allowed for a detailed description of the pharmacokinetic parameters in the assessed patient in the beginning (4th day) and end of the treatment with AmB (16th day), with total clearances of 7.21 and 4.25 L h-1, hepatic clearances of 7.15 and 4.22 L h-1, volumes of distribution of 302.94 and 206.89 L, and unbound fractions in plasma ranging from 2.26 to 3.25%. AmB was quantified in two CSF samples collected throughout the treatment with concentrations of 12.26 and 18.45 ng ml-1 on the 8th and 15th days of the treatment, respectively. The total concentration of AmB in plasma was 31 and 20 times higher than in CSF. The unbound concentration in plasma accounted for 77 and 44% of the respective concentrations in CSF. In conclusion, the present study described the most complete and sensitive method for AmB analysis in plasma, plasma ultrafiltrate, urine, and CSF applied to a clinical pharmacokinetic study following the administration of the drug as a lipid complex in one patient with neurocryptococcosis. The method can be applied to investigate the pharmacokinetics of AmB in CSF at any given time of the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Francisco Pippa
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Maria Paula Marques
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Anna Christina Tojal da Silva
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fernando Crivelenti Vilar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Tissiana Marques de Haes
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Benedito Antônio Lopes da Fonseca
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Roberto Martinez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Barbosa Coelho
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Lauro Wichert-Ana
- Division of Medical Images, Nuclear Medicine, Department of Medical, Imaging, Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vera Lucia Lanchote
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Marena GD, Ramos MADS, Bauab TM, Chorilli M. A Critical Review of Analytical Methods for Quantification of Amphotericin B in Biological Samples and Pharmaceutical Formulations. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 52:555-576. [PMID: 32880190 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1811947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Amphotericin B (AmB) is an important antifungal agent available in the clinical practice with the action mechanism related to the inhibition of ergosterol molecule present in the fungal cell wall. Given this, in order to expand AmB knowledge, this review article gathers important information of the AmB physical, chemical, and biological properties. In addition, the main analytical methods for quantifying and determining the AmB were also reported in this review, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography, tandem mass spectrophotometry (LC-MS/MS), immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA), capillary zone electrophoresis (CE) stands out and among others. Based in this review article, the scientific community will have important information to choose the best method for analysis in their scientific or clinical research, providing greater security and reliability in the obtained results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Davi Marena
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Taís Maria Bauab
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Tan JSL, Roberts C, Billa N. Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of an orally administered mucoadhesive chitosan-coated amphotericin B-Loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) in rats. Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition 2019; 31:141-154. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2019.1680926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janet Sui Ling Tan
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, Malaysia, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Clive Roberts
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nashiru Billa
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, Malaysia, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
- College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Qu L, Qian J, Ma P, Yin Z. Utilizing online-dual-SPE-LC with HRMS for the simultaneous quantification of amphotericin B, fluconazole, and fluorocytosine in human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. Talanta 2016; 165:449-457. [PMID: 28153282 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Amphotericin B (AMB), fluconazole (FZ), and fluorocytosine (FC) are recommended for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis (CM) patients as preferred antibiotics. This study presents a fast and automated online-dual-solid phase extraction (SPE)-LC coupled with high resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS) method to simultaneously measure the concentrations of AMB, FZ, and FC in human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Automated sample clean-up was performed on the human plasma and CSF samples with stop-flow heart-cutting two dimensional (2D) separation using a online-dual-SPE system, allowing retention and accumulation of AMB, FZ, and carbamazepine (CBZ, Internal standard (IS)) by the Oasis®HLB cartridge, and retention and accumulation of FC and 5-methylcytosine hydrochloride (MC, IS) by the HyperSep Hypercarb cartridge respectively. Followed by LC elution, quantification by Q-Exactive Hybrid Quadrupole-Orbitrap with targeted-selected ion monitoring (t-SIM) mode was applied to simultaneously determine the concentrations of AMB, FZ and FC. The bioanalysis was achieved in a total running time of 7min. The method was fully validated according to FDA guidelines. The lowest limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 0.04, 0.04, and 0.40μgmL-1 for AMB, FZ, and FC, respectively. AMB, FZ, and FC levels were linear in the ranges of 0.04-2.00μgmL-1, 0.04-2.00μgmL-1 and 0.40-20.00μgmL-1, respectively. The method showed good performance for human plasma and CSF samples with linearity (R2>0.99), intra-day and inter-day precision (relative standard deviation, RSD<4.32% and <4.06%, respectively), recovery (89.93-93.28% and 90.09-93.58%, respectively) and matrix effect (96.35-103.78% and 92.32-101.48%, respectively). The validated method was successfully applied in real samples of Chinese patients. Overall, our results indicate that this fully automated, sensitive, and reliable online-dual-SPE-LC-HRMS method is effective for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of AMB, FZ, and FC levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Qu
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Jing Qian
- Infectious Diseases Dependent, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Ping Ma
- Infectious Diseases Dependent, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin 300192, PR China.
| | - Zheng Yin
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
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Halperin A, Shadkchan Y, Pisarevsky E, Szpilman AM, Sandovsky H, Osherov N, Benhar I. Novel Water-Soluble Amphotericin B-PEG Conjugates with Low Toxicity and Potent in Vivo Efficacy. J Med Chem 2016; 59:1197-206. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Evgeni Pisarevsky
- Schulich
Faculty of Chemistry, Israel Institute of Technology, 3200008 Technion-City, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alex M. Szpilman
- Schulich
Faculty of Chemistry, Israel Institute of Technology, 3200008 Technion-City, Haifa, Israel
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Souza ACO, Nascimento AL, de Vasconcelos NM, Jerônimo MS, Siqueira IM, R-Santos L, Cintra DOS, Fuscaldi LL, Pires Júnior OR, Titze-de-Almeida R, Borin MF, Báo SN, Martins OP, Cardoso VN, Fernandes SO, Mortari MR, Tedesco AC, Amaral AC, Felipe MSS, Bocca AL. Activity and in vivo tracking of Amphotericin B loaded PLGA nanoparticles. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 95:267-76. [PMID: 25827397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of biocompatible polymeric nanoparticles has become an important strategy for optimizing the therapeutic efficacy of many classical drugs, as it may expand their activities, reduce their toxicity, increase their bioactivity and improve biodistribution. In this study, nanoparticles of Amphotericin B entrapped within poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid and incorporated with dimercaptosuccinic acid (NANO-D-AMB) as a target molecule were evaluated for their physic-chemical characteristics, pharmacokinetics, biocompatibility and antifungal activity. We found high plasma concentrations of Amphotericin B upon treatment with NANO-D-AMB and a high uptake of nanoparticles in the lungs, liver and spleen. NANO-D-AMB exhibited antifungal efficacy against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and induced much lower cytotoxicity levels compared to D-AMB formulation in vivo and in vitro. Together, these results confirm that NANO-D-AMB improves Amphotericin B delivery and suggest this delivery system as a potential alternative to the use of Amphotericin B sodium deoxycholate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C O Souza
- Biology Institute, University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | | | - M S Jerônimo
- Biology Institute, University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - I M Siqueira
- Biology Institute, University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - L R-Santos
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - D O S Cintra
- Biology Institute, University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - L L Fuscaldi
- Biotechnology Department, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - R Titze-de-Almeida
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - M F Borin
- Biotechnology Department, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - S N Báo
- Biology Institute, University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - O P Martins
- Chemistry Department of FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - V N Cardoso
- Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil
| | - S O Fernandes
- Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil
| | - M R Mortari
- Biology Institute, University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - A C Tedesco
- Chemistry Department of FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - A C Amaral
- Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, GO, Brazil.
| | - M S S Felipe
- Biology Institute, University of Brasília, DF, Brazil; Genomic Science and Biotechnology Post-Graduate Program, Catholic University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - A L Bocca
- Biology Institute, University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Jain K, Verma AK, Mishra PR, Jain NK. Surface-engineered dendrimeric nanoconjugates for macrophage-targeted delivery of amphotericin B: formulation development and in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:2479-87. [PMID: 25645852 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.04213-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to develop an optimized dendrimeric delivery system for amphotericin B (AmB). Fifth-generation (5.0 G) poly(propylene imine) (PPI) dendrimers were synthesized, conjugated with mannose, and characterized by use of various analytical techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H-NMR) spectroscopic analysis, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Mannose-conjugated 5.0 G PPI (MPPI) dendrimers were loaded with AmB and evaluated for drug loading efficiency, in vitro drug release profile, stability, hemolytic toxicity to human erythrocytes, cytotoxicity to and cell uptake by J774A.1 macrophage cells, antiparasitic activity against intracellular Leishmania donovani amastigotes, in vivo pharmacokinetic and biodistribution profiles, drug localization index, toxicity, and antileishmanial activity. AFM showed the nanometric size of the MPPI dendrimers, with a nearly globular architecture. The conjugate showed a good entrapment efficiency for AmB, along with pH-sensitive drug release. Highly significant reductions in toxicity toward human erythrocytes and macrophage cells, without compromising the antiparasitic activity of AmB, were observed. The dendrimeric formulation of AmB showed a significant enhancement of the parasiticidal activity of AmB toward intramacrophagic L. donovani amastigotes. In the in vitro cell uptake studies, the formulation showed selectivity toward macrophages, with significant intracellular uptake. Further pharmacokinetic and organ distribution studies elucidated the controlled delivery behavior of the formulation. The drug localization index was found to increase significantly in macrophage-rich organs. In vivo studies showed a biocompatible behavior of MPPIA, with negligible toxicity even at higher doses, and promising antileishmanial activity. From the results, we concluded that surface-engineered dendrimers may serve as optimized delivery vehicles for AmB with enhanced activity and low or negligible toxicity.
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Al-quadeib BT, Radwan MA, Siller L, Mutch E, Horrocks B, Wright M, Alshaer A. Therapeutic monitoring of amphotericin B in Saudi ICU patients using UPLC MS/MS assay: Monitoring amphotericin B in patients using UPLC. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 28:1652-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Abstract
The objective of the present investigation was to assess the potential of polysaccharide (mannose) conjugated engineered multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) bearing Amphotericin B (AmB) formulation for site-specific delivery to macrophages. The mannosylated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were synthesized and AmB was efficiently loaded using dialysis diffusion method. The synthesized mannosylated MWCNTs were characterized by various physicochemical and physiological parameters such as fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM & TEM), drug loading and entrapment efficiency, in-vitro release kinetics, in-vivo study and toxicological investigation. AmB loaded mannosylated MWCNTs (AmBitubes) was found to be nanometric in size (500 nm) with tubular structure and good entrapment efficiency (75.46 ± 1.40%). In-vitro AmB from AmBitubes was found to be released in a controlled manner at pH 4, 7.4 and 10, with enhanced cell uptake and higher disposition in macrophage-rich organs, thereby indicating the site-specific drug delivery. The results suggest that AmBitubes could be employed as efficient nano-carrier for antileishmanial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Pruthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Dr. H. S. Gour University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Diezi TA, Takemoto JK, Davies NM, Kwon GS. Pharmacokinetics and nephrotoxicity of amphotericin B-incorporated poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(N-hexyl stearate l-aspartamide) micelles. J Pharm Sci 2010; 100:2064-70. [PMID: 21491436 DOI: 10.1002/jps.22445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 10/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to study the pharmacokinetics and nephrotoxicity of amphotericin B (AmB), incorporated in poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(N-hexyl stearate l-aspartamide) (PEG-b-PHSA) micelles (AmB/PEG-b-PHSA). After AmB/PEG-b-PHSA or AmB for injection, United States Pharmacopeia (USP), was dosed intravenously in rats (0.8 mg/kg), serum was collected over 72 h, and organs collected at 72 h for AmB analysis. To test for the nephrotoxicity caused by AmB, renal markers of damage were assessed 24 h after a single injection of AmB/PEG-b-PHSA or AmB for injection, USP, focusing on detection of urinary enzymes. PEG-b-PHSA micelles caused a significantly lower area under serum concentration curve and higher clearance relative to AmB for injection, USP. PEG-b-PHSA micelles lowered the distribution of AmB in liver and lung tissues, but did not significantly lower the level of AmB in the kidneys relative to AmB for injection, USP. However, urine levels of N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase and γ-glutamyltransferase were significantly lower for AmB/PEG-b-PHSA relative to AmB for injection, USP. In summary, PEG-b-PHSA micelles reduced the nephrotoxicity of AmB, the dose-limiting toxicity of this important antifungal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Diezi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705-2222, USA
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Nahar M, Dubey V, Mishra D, Mishra PK, Dube A, Jain NK. In vitro evaluation of surface functionalized gelatin nanoparticles for macrophage targeting in the therapy of visceral leishmaniasis. J Drug Target 2010; 18:93-105. [PMID: 19640212 DOI: 10.3109/10611860903115290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluates the potential of surface functionalized gelatin nanoparticles (f-GNPs) for efficient macrophage-specific delivery of amphotericin B (AmB) in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Further, the effect of spacer for macrophage targeting was also evaluated. Gelatin was functionalized either through conjugation to mannose via direct coupling (mGelatin) or via PEG spacer (m-Gelatin), and the synthesis was confirmed by FTIR. AmB-loaded f-GNPs, that is, mGNPs and m-GNPs prepared from mGelatin and m-Gelatin conjugates, respectively, were characterized. In vitro concanavalin A (Con-A) agglutination assay confirmed the availability of mannose on the surface of these f-GNPs. Kinetics of cellular uptake of AmB-loaded f-GNPs by J774A.1 macrophage cells assessed through flow cytometry demonstrated a steady increase and maximum cell-associated fluorescence was observed at 4h for m-GNPs and 6 h for m-GNPs. Measurement of cytotoxicity using Annexin-V-FITC/PI apoptosis assay delineated marginal changes (7-9%) in treated macrophages following 48 h incubation, establishing the safety of f-GNPs. m-GNPs showed a 5.4-fold reduction in IC(50) in comparison with plain AmB suggesting significant enhancement of antileishmanial activity. Our results indicate that f-GNPs could be a promising carrier for specific delivery of AmB to macrophages for effective treatment of VL. Furthermore, spacer contributed significantly in reducing the cytotoxicity as well as increasing the uptake and activity of f-GNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Nahar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H. S. Gour University, Sagar, India.
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Nahar M, Jain NK. Preparation, Characterization and Evaluation of Targeting Potential of Amphotericin B-Loaded Engineered PLGA Nanoparticles. Pharm Res 2009; 26:2588-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-009-9973-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Veerareddy PR, Vobalaboina V, Ali N. Antileishmanial activity, pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution studies of mannose-grafted amphotericin B lipid nanospheres. J Drug Target 2009; 17:140-7. [PMID: 19089691 DOI: 10.1080/10611860802528833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania parasite resides mainly in the liver and the spleen and multiplies. Effective therapy of leishmaniasis could be achieved by delivering antileishmanial drugs to these sites. Present investigations were aimed at developing lipid nanospheres of amphotericin B (LN-A) anchored with mannose to achieve targeted delivery to the liver. Mannose is specifically involved in the recognition of parasite or appropriate ligands on the macrophage surface LN-A, and mannose-anchored lipid nanospheres (LN-A-MAN) were prepared by homogenization followed by ultrasonication method. Particle size and zeta potential were measured using Malvern Zetasizer. The average particle size after sterilization of LN-A and LN-A-MAN ranged from 193.4 +/- 1.1 to 775.8 +/- 9.1. Leishmaniasis was induced in BALB/c mice by injecting Leishmania donovani parasites intravenously. Infected mice were administered with a single dose (5 mg/kg body weight) of LN-A, LN-A-MAN, and Fungizone (marketed product).The efficacy of the formulations was evaluated by measuring the reduction in parasite burden. Fungizone reduced 82 and 69%, LN-A reduced 90 and 85%, LN-A-MAN reduced 95 and 94% of parasite burden in the liver and the spleen, respectively. LN-A and LN-A-MAN-treated mice did not show any elevation in serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea, and creatinine levels as compared with Fungizone. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated and the concentration of amphotericin B (AmB) in mice plasma declined biexponentially and AmB concentrations were significantly higher for LN-A- and LN-A-MAN than Fungizone-treated mice (P < 0.05). Tissue distribution patterns were studied in different tissues such as the liver, the spleen, the kidney, and the brain of BALB/c mice. LN-A-MAN was found to distribute more rapidly to the liver and the spleen explaining the reason for higher antileishmanial activity.
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Italia J, Singh D, Ravi Kumar M. High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of amphotericin B in rat plasma using α-naphthol as an internal standard. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 634:110-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2008] [Revised: 11/28/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Nahar M, Mishra D, Dubey V, Jain NK. Development, characterization, and toxicity evaluation of amphotericin B–loaded gelatin nanoparticles. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine 2008; 4:252-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2008.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2007] [Revised: 03/13/2008] [Accepted: 03/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Espada R, Josa JM, Valdespina S, Dea MA, Ballesteros MP, Alunda JM, Torrado JJ. HPLC assay for determination of amphotericin B in biological samples. Biomed Chromatogr 2008; 22:402-7. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abstract
This paper reports on the synthesis, safety, and efficacy of a series of water-soluble derivatives of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-conjugated amphotericin B (AmB). PEG 40 000 attached to the sugar amino group of AmB via labile carbamate and carbonate linkages was examined. The synthetic program conducted for this investigation provided a series of disubstituted PEG-AmB derivatives which had in vitro PEG half-life of hydrolyses rates in rat plasma varying between 1 and 3 h. Importantly, all conjugates demonstrated less than 6% hydrolysis following 24 h incubation in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer at 25 degrees C and showed solubilities greater than 46 mg/mL in aqueous solutions. The solubility of AmB in the conjugates increased up to approximately 200 times compared to unmodified AmB in saline. As a major finding, this investigation demonstrated that conjugation of PEG to AmB could produce conjugates that were significantly (6x) less toxic than AmB-deoxycholate and maintained, or even had enhanced, in vivo antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles D Conover
- Enzon Pharmaceutical, Inc., 20 Kingsbridge Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-3998, USA
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Campanero MA, Espuelas MS, Azanza JR, Irache JM. Rapid determination of intramacrophagic amphotericin B by direct injection HPLC. Chromatographia 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02491013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Echevarría I, Barturen C, Renedo MJ, Trocóniz IF, Dios-Viéitez MC. Comparative pharmacokinetics, tissue distributions, and effects on renal function of novel polymeric formulations of amphotericin B and amphotericin B-deoxycholate in rats. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000; 44:898-904. [PMID: 10722488 PMCID: PMC89789 DOI: 10.1128/aac.44.4.898-904.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacokinetic profiles of a traditional formulation of amphotericin B (Fungizone) and novel nanosphere and mixed micelle delivery systems developed for amphotericin B were compared and described. Six groups of male Wistar rats received intravenous injections of the different formulations. Plasma and tissue samples were obtained at 11 different times after dosing, with three animals used each time. The amphotericin B concentrations in plasma and tissues were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The plasma drug concentration-time profiles were best described by a two-compartment model. Models that described the observed single or double peak disposition kinetics in kidney, liver, and spleen were also developed. Parameter estimates from those models show that components of the formulation such as poloxamer 188, which is present in all new formulations, seem to play an important role in the rate of drug uptake by the tissues; in general, the levels of amphotericin B in tissues were increased after the administration of the new formulations compared with those after the administration of Fungizone. The increment in the baseline plasma creatinine level was used as an index of renal function. All formulations increased this baseline value, but the novel formulations exhibited fewer renal effects than Fungizone did. However, a direct relationship between drug exposure in the kidneys and development of renal damage could not be found.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Echevarría
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, 31080, Pamplona, Spain
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