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Evtushenko EG, Gavrilina ES, Vasilyeva AD, Yurina LV, Kurochkin IN. Highly Sensitive Measurement of Horseradish Peroxidase Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering of 2,3-Diaminophenazine. Molecules 2024; 29:793. [PMID: 38398545 PMCID: PMC10891785 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of various enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) coupled with surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection is a growing area in analytical chemistry due to their potentially high sensitivity. A SERS-based ELISA with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as an enzymatic label, an o-phenylenediamine (oPD) substrate, and a 2,3-diaminophenazine (DAP) enzymatic product was one of the first examples of such a system. However, the full capabilities of this long-known approach have yet to be revealed. The current study addresses a previously unrecognized problem of SERS detection stage performance. Using silver nanoparticles and model mixtures of oPD and DAP, the effects of the pH, the concentration of the aggregating agent, and the particle surface chloride stabilizer were extensively evaluated. At the optimal mildly acidic pH of 3, a 0.93 to 1 M citrate buffer, and AgNPs stabilized with 20 mM chloride, a two orders of magnitude advantage in the limits of detection (LODs) for SERS compared to colorimetry was demonstrated for both DAP and HRP. The resulting LOD for HRP of 0.067 pmol/L (1.3 amol per assay) underscores that the developed approach is a highly sensitive technique. We suppose that this improved detection system could become a useful tool for the development of SERS-based ELISA protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniy G. Evtushenko
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics RAS, Kosygina Str. 4, 119334 Moscow, Russia (A.D.V.); (I.N.K.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta S. Gavrilina
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics RAS, Kosygina Str. 4, 119334 Moscow, Russia (A.D.V.); (I.N.K.)
| | - Alexandra D. Vasilyeva
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics RAS, Kosygina Str. 4, 119334 Moscow, Russia (A.D.V.); (I.N.K.)
| | - Lyubov V. Yurina
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics RAS, Kosygina Str. 4, 119334 Moscow, Russia (A.D.V.); (I.N.K.)
| | - Ilya N. Kurochkin
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics RAS, Kosygina Str. 4, 119334 Moscow, Russia (A.D.V.); (I.N.K.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Nowak PM, Mitoraj M, Sagan F, Wietecha-Posłuszny R. Differentiation of isomeric metabolites of carbamazepine based on acid-base properties; Experimental vs theoretical approach. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1651:462275. [PMID: 34090055 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism of carbamazepine is complex and leads to the three isomeric derivatives whose occurrence is dependent on the type of sample material. Their unambiguous differentiation is overall important. In this work, the qualitative analysis of 2-hydroxycarbamazepine, 3-hydroxycrbamazepine and carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide was attempted for the first time using capillary zone electrophoresis, based on the models linking electrophoretic mobility with pKa value determining the acidity of the hydroxyl groups. For this purpose, pKa values were determined using electrophoretic and theoretical methods, and then the compliance of the obtained mobility models with the measured values was analyzed. Despite the slight difference in acidity (0.3-0.4 pH unit), the obtained results prove that the correct identification of the metabolites under consideration, and reliable prediction of the selectivity of their separation, are possible on the basis of experimentally determined pKa values, even with highly simplified methods assuming the lack of certain data. However, it is important to choose the optimal pH value, which should be close to pKa. On the other hand, worse results were obtained for the theoretically determined mobilities, which differed significantly from the experimental values. An attempt was also made to explain the acidity of hydroxycarbamazepines and the associated thermodynamic parameters - deprotonation enthalpy and entropy, with respect to their structure. The lack of intramolecular hydrogen bonds and the significant contribution of entropic effects stabilizing the protonated form seems to be significant. The higher pKa value for CBZ-2-OH probably results from the stronger effect of the energetically unfavorable organization of solvent dipoles due to ionization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Mateusz Nowak
- Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gronostajowa St. 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Mitoraj
- Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Gronostajowa St. 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Filip Sagan
- Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Gronostajowa St. 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Renata Wietecha-Posłuszny
- Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gronostajowa St. 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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3
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Woźniakiewicz M, Nowak PM, Gołąb M, Adamowicz P, Kała M, Kościelniak P. Acidity of substituted cathinones studied by capillary electrophoresis using the standard and fast alternative approaches. Talanta 2018; 180:193-198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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4
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Shiung YC, Chen CY, Wu JC, Chang SW, Lin CH. Determination of the pK
a
of Benzophenones by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201700254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chi Shiung
- Department of Chemistry; National Taiwan University; Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science; Fooyin University; Kaohsiung City 83102 Taiwan
| | - Jong-Chang Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Material Science; Fooyin University; Kaohsiung City 83102 Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wen Chang
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Material Science; Fooyin University; Kaohsiung City 83102 Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsing Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Material Science; Fooyin University; Kaohsiung City 83102 Taiwan
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5
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Nowak PM, Woźniakiewicz M, Piwowarska M, Kościelniak P. Determination of acid dissociation constant of 20 coumarin derivatives by capillary electrophoresis using the amine capillary and two different methodologies. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1446:149-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Moreira Gabriel EF, Tomazelli Coltro WK, Garcia CD. Fast and versatile fabrication of PMMA microchip electrophoretic devices by laser engraving. Electrophoresis 2015; 35:2325-32. [PMID: 25113407 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201470140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the effects of different modes and engraving parameters on the dimensions of microfluidic structures produced in PMMA using laser engraving. The engraving modes included raster and vector, while the explored engraving parameters included power, speed, frequency, resolution, line-width, and number of passes. Under the optimum conditions, the technique was applied to produce channels suitable for CE separations. Taking advantage of the possibility to cut-through the substrates, the laser was also used to define solution reservoirs (buffer, sample, and waste) and a PDMS-based decoupler. The final device was used to perform the analysis of a model mixture of phenolic compounds within 200 s with baseline resolution.
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7
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8
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Gabriel EFM, Coltro WKT, Garcia CD. Fast and versatile fabrication of PMMA microchip electrophoretic devices by laser engraving. Electrophoresis 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Flávia Moreira Gabriel
- Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal de Goiás; Goiânia Goias Brazil
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Texas at San Antonio; San Antonio TX USA
| | | | - Carlos D. Garcia
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Texas at San Antonio; San Antonio TX USA
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9
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Lin Z, Sun X, Hu W, Yin Y, Chen G. Sensitive determination of positional isomers of benzenediols in human urine by boronate affinity capillary electrophoresis with chemiluminescence detection. Electrophoresis 2013; 35:993-9. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zian Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou Fujian China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou Fujian China
| | - Wenli Hu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou Fujian China
| | - Yuqing Yin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou Fujian China
| | - Guonan Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou Fujian China
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10
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Badea IA, Axinte L, Vladescu L. Monitoring of aminophenol isomers in surface water samples using a new HPLC method. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2013; 185:2367-2375. [PMID: 22707150 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-012-2717-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A new HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous determination of aminophenol isomers by means of a mixed-mode stationary phase containing both SCX and C18 moieties. All factors influencing the separation were discussed and optimized. The chromatographic conditions for the separation of aminophenols are the stationary phase duet SCX/C18, the mobile phase of aqueous phosphate buffer (pH 4.85):methanol = 85:15 (v/v) delivered with a flow rate of 1 mL/min and a detection at 285 nm. The method proposed was validated in terms of linearity, limits of detection and quantification, accuracy and precision. The HPLC method elaborated here was applied with good results on river water samples. In order to survey the quality of surface rivers entered in treatment plants which deliver water for Bucharest, two major rivers were included in a monitoring program which last more than 1 year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irinel Adriana Badea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Blvd Regina Elisabeta, 030018, Bucharest, Romania.
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11
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Cabot JM, Fuguet E, Ràfols C, Rosés M. Determination of acidity constants by the capillary electrophoresis internal standard method. IV. Polyprotic compounds. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1279:108-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Dong YP, Huang L, Tong BH, Shi MJ, Zhang WB, Zhang QF. Enhancing and inhibiting effects of benzenediols on chemiluminescence of a novel cyclometallated iridium(III) complex. LUMINESCENCE 2011; 27:262-7. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.1343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2010] [Revised: 07/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ping Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Institution of Molecular Engineering and Applied Chemistry; Anhui University of Technology; Maanshan; 243002; People's Republic of China
| | - Li Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Institution of Molecular Engineering and Applied Chemistry; Anhui University of Technology; Maanshan; 243002; People's Republic of China
| | - Bi Hai Tong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Institution of Molecular Engineering and Applied Chemistry; Anhui University of Technology; Maanshan; 243002; People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Juan Shi
- Department of Environmental Engineering; China Jiliang University; Hangzhou; 310018; People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Bing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Institution of Molecular Engineering and Applied Chemistry; Anhui University of Technology; Maanshan; 243002; People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Feng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Institution of Molecular Engineering and Applied Chemistry; Anhui University of Technology; Maanshan; 243002; People's Republic of China
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13
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Liu HX, Yang GL, Wang DX, Sun SF, Ma JJ. Determination of Dissociation Constants of Complicated Compounds by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis. CHINESE J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.20010190709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Yang S, Zhang Y, Liao T, Guo Z, Chen Y. Electromigration diffusivity spectrometry: A way for simultaneous determination of diffusion coefficients from mixed samples. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:2949-56. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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Benavente F, Giménez E, Barrón D, Barbosa J, Sanz-Nebot V. Modeling the electrophoretic behavior of quinolones in aqueous and hydroorganic media. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:965-72. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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16
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Development of an enzymatic microreactor based on microencapsulated laccase with off-line capillary electrophoresis for measurement of oxidation reactions. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:8270-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2009] [Revised: 08/14/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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17
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Németh T, Jankovics P, Németh-Palotás J, Kőszegi-Szalai H. Determination of paracetamol and its main impurity 4-aminophenol in analgesic preparations by micellar electrokinetic chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 47:746-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2008] [Revised: 02/26/2008] [Accepted: 03/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Masukawa Y. Separation and determination of basic dyes formulated in hair care products by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1108:140-4. [PMID: 16442118 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2005] [Revised: 12/18/2005] [Accepted: 01/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A capillary electrophoretic (CE) method for analyzing five basic dyes (Basic Red 76, Basic Brown 16, Basic Yellow 57, Basic Brown 17 and Basic Blue 99) sold under the trade name Arianor, which are commonly used in hair care products, has been established. A buffer of 100 mM acetic acid-ammonium acetate (50:50) containing 90% (v/v) methanol was employed in a fused-silica capillary of 40.0 cm x 50 microm I.D. with a bubble cell arrangement. Washing the capillary end immediately after injection was effective in preventing peak tailing of the basic dyes, which was due to their adsorption onto the outer wall of the capillary during the injection. Under these optimized conditions, acceptable results for reproducibility, limit of detection and quantitation, and linearity were obtained for the five authentic dyes tested. The recoveries of five authentic basic dyes spiked to three commercial hair care products also provided with acceptable results. This optimized CE method is useful for the analysis of mixed basic dyes in hair care products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Masukawa
- Tochigi Research Laboratories, Analytical Research Center, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Haga, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan.
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19
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Fatemi MH, Goudarzi N. Quantitative structure property relationship study of the electrophoretic mobilities of some benzoic acids derivatives in different carrier electrolyte compositions. Electrophoresis 2005; 26:2968-73. [PMID: 16007694 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200410343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative structure-properties relationship (QSPR) has been applied to modeling and predicting the electrophoretic mobilities of a series of benzoic acid derivatives in different carrier electrolyte composition. Descriptors that were selected by stepwise multiple linear regression (MLR) technique are radial distribution function-lag8 (RDF-8), unweighted R-maximal autocorrelation geometry, topology and atomic weight assembly-lag4 (R-GETAWAY-4), geometrical descriptor lag-26 (GEO-26), and the overall dielectric constant of the carrier electrolyte. These descriptors were used as inputs for generated 4-7-1 artificial neural network (ANN). The results obtained using ANN and MLR were compared as well as with the experimental values and showed the superiority of ANN over MLR model. Also the appearance of these descriptors in QSPR models reveals the role of electronic and steric interactions in solutes mobility in capillary electrophoresis due to the dielectric and hydrodynamic friction forces.
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20
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Fatemi MH. Prediction of the electrophoretic mobilities of some carboxylic acids from theoretically derived descriptors. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1038:231-7. [PMID: 15233538 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A 4-4-1 artificial neural network was constructed and trained for the prediction of the electrophoretic mobilities of some aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids based on quantitative structure-property relationships. The inputs of this network are theoretically derived descriptors that were chosen by the stepwise variables selection techniques. These descriptors are: shape factor, molecular surface area, the maximum value of electron density on atom in molecule, and the sum of atomic polarizability. In order to assess the accuracy and predictability of the proposed model, the cross-validation test was employed. The results obtained showed the ability of developed artificial neural network to prediction of electrophoretic mobilities of aliphatic and carboxylic acids. Also result reveals the superiority of the artificial neural network over the multiple linear regression models.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Fatemi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Science, Mazandaran University, P.O. Box 453, Babolsar, Iran.
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21
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Miller JM, Blackburn AC, Shi Y, Melzak AJ, Ando HY. Semi-empirical relationships between effective mobility, charge, and molecular weight of pharmaceuticals by pressure-assisted capillary electrophoresis: applications in drug discovery. Electrophoresis 2002; 23:2833-41. [PMID: 12207289 DOI: 10.1002/1522-2683(200209)23:17<2833::aid-elps2833>3.0.co;2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Relationships between effective mobility (m(eff)), calculated charge (Z(c)), and molecular weight (MW) are semi-empirically derived for pharmaceuticals using pressure-assisted capillary electrophoresis (PACE). We determined the m(eff) at 12 different pH points (2.0-11.4) of 66 pharmaceutical-like compounds ranging in MW from 79 to 825 g/mol. Plots of the observed m(eff) values versus Z(c)/MW(x ) (where x is a fractional coefficient) gave linear relationships. For anions, it was found that the best correlation (R(2) = 0.9666) exists when the fractional coefficient is equal to 0.4920, resulting in the equation m(eff) = 0.1853 (Z(c)/MW (0.4920)). For cations, the best linear relationship (R(2) = 0.9861) gave the equation m(eff) = 0.3888 (Z(c)/MW (0.6330)). The m(eff), Z(c)/MW(x) relationships were then applied to: (i) developing a technique for selecting an appropriate pH to achieve optimal separation of pharmaceuticals and (ii) determining the maximum charge of a molecule in the pH range of determination of negative log of the dissociation constants (pK(a)) by PACE, thus enabling the correct choice of model equation to be automated without structure analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Miller
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, World Wide Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development - Ann Arbor Laboratories, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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22
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Wu Q, Lee ML, Harrison RG. Performance of metal complex substituted polysiloxanes in capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2002; 967:289-301. [PMID: 12685576 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)00784-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Two novel polysiloxanes containing the metal complex, Co(TACN)(3+)2 (TACN= 1,4,7-triazacyclononane) were used as coatings for capillary electrophoresis (CE) and capillary electrochromatography (CEC). Through crosslinking and covalent bonding, the positively charged polymers were bonded to silica supports. In both CE and CEC, these coatings exhibited strong, pH-independent, and anodic electroosmotic flow (EOF), and had excellent long-term stability. Successful separations of aromatic acids were achieved in CE. In CEC, separation of alkylbenzenes (7 min) and basic compounds (20 min) was achieved with higher resolving power than conventional octadecyl silica packings. These polymers represent a new class of coatings for CE and CEC that generate pH-independent EOF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qirong Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602-5700, USA
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23
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Dabek-Zlotorzynska E, Aranda-Rodriguez R, Keppel-Jones K. Recent advances in capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrochromatography of pollutants. Electrophoresis 2001; 22:4262-80. [PMID: 11824642 DOI: 10.1002/1522-2683(200111)22:19<4262::aid-elps4262>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
An overview of major developments in capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrochromatography systems in the environmental field is presented, covering relevant publications between the second half of 1999 and early 2001. Contributions are reviewed in relation to developments in detection, sample preparation/preconcentration, precision and applications. Many interesting examples are shown and the influence of important parameters on the performance of developed methods is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dabek-Zlotorzynska
- Analysis and Air Quality Division, Environmental Technology Centre, Environment Canada, Ottawa, ON.
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24
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Gotti R, Pomponio R, Bertucci C, Cavrini V. Determination of 5-aminosalicylic acid related impurities by micellar electrokinetic chromatography with an ion-pair reagent. J Chromatogr A 2001; 916:175-83. [PMID: 11382289 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)01097-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A micellar electrokinetic chromatographic (MEKC) method was developed for the quantification of mesalazine or 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and its major impurities 3-aminosalicylic acid, salicylic acid, sulfanilic acid and 4-aminophenol. The optimisation of the experimental conditions was carried out considering some important requirements: resolution, reproducibility, detection limits of 0.1% (m/m) or less, short total analysis time. Preliminary investigations employing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as surfactant did not lead to the necessary resolution of the studied compounds; the addition of tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) to the SDS micellar system resulted in the complete separation of all the compounds. The effects on the separation by several parameters such as TBAB concentration, SDS concentration, background electrolyte pH and concentration, were evaluated. Using a fused-silica capillary (8.5 cm effective length) complete analysis was obtained in a very short time. Under the optimised final conditions [120 mM 3-(cyclohexylamino)-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid buffer, pH 10.20, 65 mM SDS in the presence of 55 mM TBAB and 5% methanol] the method was validated for specificity, precision, linearity, limits of detection and quantitation, and robustness: the 5-ASA related impurities can be quantified at least at the 0.1% (m/m) level.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Bologna, Italy.
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25
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Lin CE, Chen CC, Chen HW, Huang HC, Lin CH, Liu YC. Optimization of separation and migration behavior of chloropyridines in micellar electrokinetic chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2001; 910:165-71. [PMID: 11263570 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)01178-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The separation and migration behavior of pyridine and eight chloropyridines, including three monochloropyridines, four dichloropyridines, and 2,3,5-trichloropyridine were investigated by micellar electrokinetic chromatography using either sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as an anionic surfactant or SDS-Brij 35 mixed micelles. Various parameters such as buffer pH, SDS concentration, Brij 35 concentration and methanol content that affect the separation were optimized. Complete separation of these chloropyridines was optimally achieved with a phosphate buffer containing SDS (30 mM) and methanol (10%, v/v) at pH 7.0. The resolution and selectivity of analytes could be considerably affected by the addition of methanol and/or Brij 35 to the background electrolyte. The migration order of these chloropyridines depends primarily on their hydrophobicity. However, electrostatic interactions may also play a significant role in the determination of the migration order of the positional isomers of chloropyridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lin CE, Chen HW, Lin EC, Lin KS, Huang HC. Optimization of separation and migration behavior of cephalosporins in capillary zone electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2000; 879:197-210. [PMID: 10893036 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00301-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The influences of buffer pH, buffer concentration and buffer electrolyte on the migration behavior and separation of 12 cephalosporin antibiotics in capillary zone electrophoresis using three different types of buffer electrolyte, including phosphate, citrate, and 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonate (MES), were investigated. The results indicate that, although buffer pH is a crucial parameter, buffer concentration also plays an important role in the separation of cephalosporins, particularly when cefuroxime and cefazolin, cephalexin and cefaclor, or cefotaxime and cephapirin are present as analytes at the same time. The electrophoretic mobility of cephalosporins and electroosmotic mobility measured in citrate and MES buffers are remarkably different from those measured in phosphate buffer. With citrate buffer, optimum buffer concentration is confined to a small range (35-40 mM), whereas buffer concentrations up to 300 mM can be used with MES buffer. Complete separations of 12 cephalosporins could be satisfactorily achieved with these three buffers under various optimum conditions. However, the separability of 12 cephalosporins with citrate or MES buffer is better than that with phosphate buffer. As a consequence of a greater electrophoretic mobility of cephalosporins than the electroosmotic mobility with citrate buffer at pH below about 5, some cephalosporins are not detectable. The cloudiness of the peak identification and of the magnitudes of the electrophoretic mobility of cefotaxime and cefuroxime reported previously are clarified. In addition, the pKa values of cephradine, cephalexin, cefaclor, and cephapirin attributed to the deprotonation of either an amino group or a pyridinium group are reported, and the migration behavior of these cephalosporins in the pH range studied is quantitatively described.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei.
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