Reverse scans in square wave voltammetry

Recent Advances in Voltammetry

Recent progress in the theory and practice of voltammetry is surveyed and evaluated. The transformation over the last decade of the level of modelling and simulation of experiments has realised major advances such that electrochemical techniques can be fully developed and applied to real chemical problems of distinct complexity. This review focuses on the topic areas of: multistep electrochemical processes, voltammetry in ionic liquids, the development and interpretation of theories of electron transfer (Butler-Volmer and Marcus-Hush), advances in voltammetric pulse techniques, stochastic random walk models of diffusion, the influence of migration under conditions of low support, voltammetry at rough and porous electrodes, and nanoparticle electrochemistry. The review of the latter field encompasses both the study of nanoparticle-modified electrodes, including stripping voltammetry and the new technique of 'nano-impacts'.

Theory of Square-Wave Voltammetry of Two-Step Electrode Reaction Using an Inverse Scan Direction

A theory of square-wave voltammetry of two-step electrode reaction with kinetically controlled electron transfers is developed, and a special case of thermodynamically unstable intermediate is analyzed. If the first reaction step is reversible and the second one is quasireversible, the response splits into two peaks if the scan direction is inverted. The separation of these peaks increases with frequency.