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Pinheiro JP, Rotureau E. Electroanalytical Trace Metal Cations Quantification and Speciation in Freshwaters: Historical Overview, Critical Review of the Last Five Years and Road Map for Developing Dynamic Speciation Field Measurements. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062831. [PMID: 36985802 PMCID: PMC10056914 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
An historical overview covering the field of electroanalytical metal cations speciation in freshwaters is presented here, detailing both the notable experimental and theoretical developments. Then, a critical review of the progress in the last five years is given, underlining in particular the improvements in electrochemical setups and methodologies dedicated to field surveys. Given these recent achievements, a road map to carry out on-site dynamic metal speciation measurements is then proposed, and the key future developments are discussed. This review shows that electroanalytical stripping techniques provide a unique framework for quantitatively assessing metals at trace levels while offering access to both thermodynamic and dynamic features of metal complexation with natural colloidal and particulate ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Paulo Pinheiro
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Elise Rotureau
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), F-54000 Nancy, France
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2
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Developing On-Site Trace Level Speciation of Lead, Cadmium and Zinc by Stripping Chronopotentiometry (SCP): Fast Screening and Quantification of Total Metal Concentrations. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185502. [PMID: 34576972 PMCID: PMC8465749 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical stripping techniques are interesting candidates for carrying out onsite speciation of environmentally relevant trace metals due to the existing low-cost portable instrumentation available and the low detection limits that can be achieved. In this work, we describe the initial analytical technique method development by quantifying the total metal concentrations using Stripping Chronopotentiometry (SCP). Carbon paste screen-printed electrodes were modified with thin films of mercury and used to quantify sub-nanomolar concentrations of lead and cadmium and sub-micromolar concentrations of zinc in river water. Low detection limits of 0.06 nM for Pb(II) and 0.04 nM for Cd(II) were obtained by the standard addition method using a SCP deposition time of 180 s. The SCP results obtained for Pb(II) and Cd(II) agreed with those of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The coupling of SCP with screen-printed electrodes opens up excellent potential for the development of onsite speciation of trace metals. Due to the low analysis throughput obtained for the standard addition method, we also propose a new, more rapid screening Cd(II) internal standard methodology to significantly increase the number of samples that can be analyzed per day.
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Stripping chronopotentiometry at scanned deposition potential (SSCP): An effective methodology for dynamic speciation analysis of nanoparticulate metal complexes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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4
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Vettorelo SN, Cuéllar M, Ortiz PI, Garay F. Theory of square-wave voltammetry for the analysis of a CE reaction mechanism complicated by the adsorption of the reactant. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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5
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Rotureau E, Pla-Vilanova P, Galceran J, Companys E, Pinheiro JP. Towards improving the electroanalytical speciation analysis of indium. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1052:57-64. [PMID: 30685042 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The geochemical fate of indium in natural waters is still poorly understood, while recent studies have pointed out a growing input of this trivalent element in the environment as a result of its utilisation in the manufacturing of high-technology products. Reliable and easy-handling analytical tools for indium speciation analysis are, then, required. In this work, we report the possibility of measuring the total and free indium concentrations in solution using two complementary electroanalytical techniques, SCP (Stripping chronopotentiometry) and AGNES (Absence of Gradients and Nernstian Equilibrium Stripping) implemented with the TMF/RDE (Thin Mercury Film/Rotating Disk Electrode). Nanomolar limits of detection, i.e. 0.5 nM for SCP and 0.1 nM for AGNES, were obtained for both techniques in the experimental conditions used in this work and can be further improved enduring longer experiment times. We also verified that AGNES was able (i) to provide robust speciation data with the known In-oxalate systems and (ii) to elaborate indium binding isotherms in presence of humic acids extending over 4 decades of free indium concentrations. The development of electroanalytical techniques for indium speciation opens up new routes for using indium as a potential tracer for biogeochemical processes of trivalent elements in aquifers, e.g. metal binding to colloidal phases, adsorption onto (bio)surfaces, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Rotureau
- CNRS, LIEC (Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux), UMR7360, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, F54501, France; Université de Lorraine, LIEC, UMR7360, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, F54501, France.
| | - Pepita Pla-Vilanova
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Lleida and AGROTECNIO, Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Galceran
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Lleida and AGROTECNIO, Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Encarna Companys
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Lleida and AGROTECNIO, Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - José Paulo Pinheiro
- CNRS, LIEC (Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux), UMR7360, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, F54501, France; Université de Lorraine, LIEC, UMR7360, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, F54501, France
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6
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Jalalvand AR, Roushani M, Goicoechea HC, Rutledge DN, Gu HW. MATLAB in electrochemistry: A review. Talanta 2019; 194:205-225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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7
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Town RM, Duval JFL, van Leeuwen HP. The Intrinsic Stability of Metal Ion Complexes with Nanoparticulate Fulvic Acids. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:11682-11690. [PMID: 30226375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The electrostatic contributions to metal ion binding by fulvic acids (FAs) are characterized in light of recent theoretical developments on description of the net charge density of soft nanoparticles. Under practical electrolyte concentrations, the radius of the small, highly charged soft nanoparticulate FAs is comparable to the electrostatic screening length and their electric potential profile has a bell shape that extends into the surrounding aqueous medium. Consequently, accumulation of counterions in the extraparticulate zone can be significant. By comparison of experimentally derived Boltzmann partitioning coefficients with those computed on the basis of (i) the structural FA particle charge and (ii) the potential profile for a nanoparticulate FA entity equilibrated with indifferent electrolyte, we identify the thickness of the extraparticulate counter charge accumulation shell in 1-1 and 2-1 electrolytes. The results point to the involvement of counterion condensation phenomena and call into question the approaches for modeling electrostatic contributions to ion binding that are invoked by popular equilibrium speciation codes. Overall, the electrostatic contributions to Cdaq2+ and Cuaq2+ association with FA are weaker than those previously found for much larger humic acids (HA). The intrinsic chemical binding strength of CdFA is comparable to that of CdHA, whereas CuFA complexes are weaker than CuHA ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raewyn M Town
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology , University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171 , 2020 Antwerp , Belgium
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter , Wageningen University & Research , Stippeneng 4 , 6708 WE Wageningen , The Netherlands
| | - Jérôme F L Duval
- CNRS , Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continenteaux (LIEC) , UMR 7360, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy , F-54501 Nancy , France
- Université de Lorraine , LIEC, UMR 7360, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy , F-54501 Nancy , France
| | - Herman P van Leeuwen
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter , Wageningen University & Research , Stippeneng 4 , 6708 WE Wageningen , The Netherlands
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8
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A review on various electrochemical techniques for heavy metal ions detection with different sensing platforms. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 94:443-455. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 534] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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do Nascimento FH, Rigobello-Masini M, Domingos RF, Pinheiro JP, Masini JC. Dynamic interactions of Hg(II) with the surface of green microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii studied by stripping chronopotentiometry. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Jalalvand AR, Goicoechea HC. Applications of electrochemical data analysis by multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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Monteiro ASC, Parat C, Rosa AH, Pinheiro JP. Towards field trace metal speciation using electroanalytical techniques and tangential ultrafiltration. Talanta 2016; 152:112-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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13
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do Nascimento FH, Masini JC. Sequential Injection Assisted Stripping Chronopotentiometry at Screen Printed Gold Electrodes for Determination of Hg(II) in Adsorption Studies. ANAL LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1038549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Waeles M, Tanguy V, Riso RD. On the control of copper colloidal distribution by humic substances in the Penzé estuary. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 119:1176-1184. [PMID: 25460759 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.09.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the variations of colloidal Cu in a temperate macrotidal estuarine system (Penzé, NW France). The originality of this work resides on examining seven colloidal/dissolved fractions at seven different periods of the year whereas previous studies on estuaries generally considered two or three fractions and were focused on a unique survey. A high proportion of Cu (∼90%) was generally found as colloids (5 kDa-0.45 μm) throughout the salinity gradient with divergent size distributions being observed over the seasonal cycle. This consisted essentially in two contrasted periods, i.e. winter-spring with a greater association of Cu with high molecular weight (HMW) compounds (50 kDa-0.45 μm) and summer-autumn with Cu being found mainly as low molecular weight (LMW) forms (5-50 kDa). The comparison of Cu with humic substances (HS) data allowed to us to highlight the importance of the pedogenic refractory organic matter in controlling the concentrations and the size distribution of Cu in the estuary. In the mixing zone, Cu behaved conservative in autumn and winter but important additions of HMW compounds were observed in spring in the lower estuary as the result of particulate organic matter degradation in the sediment. Although HS appears to be the background chelators of Cu in the systems, the strong benthic inputs occurring in spring may be of different (biotic) origin and may be in part responsible for the higher association of Cu with HMW compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Waeles
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, Brest, France; Université de Bretagne Occidentale, IUEM, LEMAR, UMR-CNRS 6539, Equipe Chimie Marine, Place N. Copernic, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Virginie Tanguy
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, Brest, France; Université de Bretagne Occidentale, IUEM, LEMAR, UMR-CNRS 6539, Equipe Chimie Marine, Place N. Copernic, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Ricardo D Riso
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, Brest, France; Université de Bretagne Occidentale, IUEM, LEMAR, UMR-CNRS 6539, Equipe Chimie Marine, Place N. Copernic, 29280 Plouzané, France
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15
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Galceran J, Lao M, David C, Companys E, Rey-Castro C, Salvador J, Puy J. The impact of electrodic adsorption on Zn, Cd and Pb speciation measurements with AGNES. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Díaz-Cruz JM, Alberich A, Ariño C, Esteban M. Three-dimensional voltammetry assisted by parametric signal fitting: A new perspective for the electrochemical evaluation of metal binding in the presence of electrodic adsorption. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 777:17-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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Sulfide determination in hydrothermal seawater samples using a vibrating gold micro-wire electrode in conjunction with stripping chronopotentiometry. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 753:42-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Mota AM, Pinheiro JP, Simões Gonçalves ML. Electrochemical Methods for Speciation of Trace Elements in Marine Waters. Dynamic Aspects. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:6433-42. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2124636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Mota
- CQE, Instituto
Superior Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001
Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J. P. Pinheiro
- IBB/CBME, Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - M. L. Simões Gonçalves
- CQE, Instituto
Superior Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001
Lisboa, Portugal
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Rocha LS, Pereira E, Duarte AC, Pinheiro JP. Performance of Ex Situ Bismuth Film Rotating Disk Electrode in Trace Metal Analysis by Stripping Chronopotentiometry: Definition of the Depletion Regime and Optimization of Experimental Parameters. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Parat C, Schneider A, Castetbon A, Potin-Gautier M. Determination of trace metal speciation parameters by using screen-printed electrodes in stripping chronopotentiometry without deaerating. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 688:156-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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21
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Parat C, Authier L, Aguilar D, Companys E, Puy J, Galceran J, Potin-Gautier M. Direct determination of free metal concentration by implementing stripping chronopotentiometry as the second stage of AGNES. Analyst 2011; 136:4337-43. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15481h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Van Leeuwen HP, Town RM. Protonation effects on dynamic flux properties of aqueous metal complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1135/cccc2009091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The degree of (de)protonation of aqueous metal species has significant consequences for the kinetics of complex formation/dissociation. All protonated forms of both the ligand and the hydrated central metal ion contribute to the rate of complex formation to an extent weighted by the pertaining outer-sphere stabilities. Likewise, the lifetime of the uncomplexed metal is determined by all the various protonated ligand species. Therefore, the interfacial reaction layer thickness, μ, and the ensuing kinetic flux, Jkin, are more involved than in the conventional case. All inner-sphere complexes contribute to the overall rate of dissociation, as weighted by their respective rate constants for dissociation, kd. The presence of inner-sphere deprotonated H2O, or of outer-sphere protonated ligand, generally has a great impact on kd of the inner-sphere complex. Consequently, the overall flux can be dominated by a species that is a minor component of the bulk speciation. The concepts are shown to provide a good description of experimental stripping chronopotentiometric data for several protonated metal–ligand systems.
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Comparison of two experimental speciation methods with a theoretical approach to monitor free and labile Cd fractions in soil solutions. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 648:157-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2008] [Revised: 11/17/2008] [Accepted: 06/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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La Pera L, Dugo G, Rando R, Di Bella G, Maisano R, Salvo F. Statistical study of the influence of fungicide treatments (mancozeb, zoxamide and copper oxychloride) on heavy metal concentrations in Sicilian red wine. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2008; 25:302-13. [PMID: 18311621 DOI: 10.1080/02652030701329603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to assess the influence of mancozeb, zoxamide and copper oxychloride fungicide treatments on Mn, Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb concentrations in Sicilian red wines, grapes, marcs and grape stalks. The experimentation was carried out over two crop years: 2003 and 2004. Trace metals analysis was performed by derivative stripping chronopotentiometry, which allowed detection of concentrations lower than 1 ng g(-1). The data obtained gave evidence that the levels of Mn and Zn in wines from plots treated with zoxamide-mancozeb were about threefold higher than those observed in the control. Wines treated with Cu oxychloride had a significant increase in Cu(II) concentrations with respect to the control; in particular, samples from 2004 showed a 50% increase in Cu levels. Furthermore, as shown in a previous paper, the fungicides treatments studied led to a moderate increase in Pb(II) and Cd(II) levels in treated samples with respect to the control. Wines from 2004 had higher Cu and Pb amounts than wines from 2003; but the concentrations of all the other metals were similar. Statistical analysis of the data by linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and the Kruskal-Wallis test confirmed that both zoxamide-mancozeb treatments and copper oxychloride treatments exerted a significant influence on Mn(II), Zn(II) Cu(II), Pb(II) and Cd(II) concentrations in wines, grapes, marcs and grape stalks samples from both the studied vintages.
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Affiliation(s)
- L La Pera
- Department of Food and Environmental Science, University of Messina, I-98166 Messina, Italy
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25
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Multivariate curve resolution as a tool to minimize the effects of electrodic adsorption in normal pulse voltammetry. Electrochim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2008.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Davis TA, Pinheiro JP, Grasdalen H, Smidsrød O, van Leeuwen HP. Stability of lead(II) complexes of alginate oligomers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2008; 42:1673-1679. [PMID: 18441819 DOI: 10.1021/es702350w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The current work reports on the Pb(ll) complexes formed with oligomeric uronic acids (carboxylated saccharide residues) found polymerized in the cell walls and envelopes of algae and bacteria alike. The application of partial acid hydrolysis, size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), 1H NMR, and scanned deposition stripping chronopotentiometry (SSCP) has permitted the determination of stability constants for Pb(II) with both mannuronic (M) and guluronic (G) acid oligomers ranging from the dimer to the pentamer. The determined logarithm of the stability constants range between 4.11 +/- 0.05 and 5.00 +/- 0.04 mol(-1) x dm3 for the eight oligomers studied (pH 6; I = 0.1 mol x dm(-3)). Additional experiments under the same experimental conditions employing galacturonic and glucuronic acid oligomers yielded slightly lower values (2.19 +/- 0.10 to 4.02 +/- 0.07 mol(-1) x dm3) that were expected based on their structure, whereby the monomers which were not included in the alginate oligomer series (unavailable by SEC), yielded the lowest stability constants. This work demonstrates the applicability of the SSCP technique for the determination of stability constants for metal-ligand complexes in which the ligands display relatively low molecular mass. Previous studies on heavy metal interaction with the matrix polysaccharide alginate have largely been restricted to the whole polymer that forms a gel upon binding to network bridging ions such as calcium. The results will be discussed in this context with the emphasis being placed on the relevance of these findings to processes occurring at the biointerface and results from the relevant literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Davis
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8038, 6700 EK Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Rocha LS, Pinheiro JP, Carapuça HM. Evaluation of nanometer thick mercury film electrodes for stripping chronopotentiometry. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2007.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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28
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Serrano N, Díaz-Cruz J, Ariño C, Esteban M. Stripping Chronopotentiometry in Environmental Analysis. ELECTROANAL 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200703956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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29
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Domingos RF, Benedetti MF, Pinheiro J. Application of permeation liquid membrane and scanned stripping chronopotentiometry to metal speciation analysis of colloidal complexes. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 589:261-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2006] [Revised: 02/15/2007] [Accepted: 02/22/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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30
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Nowak K, Bobrowski A. Application of the Bismuth Film Electrode for Catalytic Adsorptive Stripping Potentiometric Determination of Cobalt in Dimethylglyoxime‐Nitrite System. ANAL LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710500230863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Nowak
- a Department of Building Materials Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics , AGH‐University of Science and Technology , Krakow , Poland
| | - Andrzej Bobrowski
- a Department of Building Materials Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics , AGH‐University of Science and Technology , Krakow , Poland
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Serrano N, Díaz-Cruz J, Ariño C, Esteban M, Puy J, Companys E, Galceran J, Cecilia J. Full-wave analysis of stripping chronopotentiograms at scanned deposition potential (SSCP) as a tool for heavy metal speciation: Theoretical development and application to Cd(II)-phthalate and Cd(II)-iodide systems. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2006.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pinheiro J, Domingos R, Minor M, van Leeuwen H. Metal speciation dynamics in colloidal ligand dispersions. Part 3: Lability features of steady-state systems. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2006.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Serrano N, Šestáková I, Díaz-Cruz JM, Ariño C. Adsorptive accumulation in constant current stripping chronopotentiometry as an alternative for the electrochemical study of metal complexation by thiol-containing peptides. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2006.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Serrano N, Díaz-Cruz J, Ariño C, Esteban M. Stripping Chronopotentiometry and Stripping Voltammetry of Mixtures of Heavy Metal Ions Producing Close Signals: The Cd(II)-Pb(II)-Phthalate System. ELECTROANAL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200603492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Town RM, Yezek LP, van Leeuwen HP. Stripping chronopotentiometry at scanned deposition potential (SSCP). Part 8. Metal speciation analysis in gels. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2006.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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van Leeuwen HP, Town RM. Stripping chronopotentiometry at scanned deposition potential (SSCP). Part 7. Kinetic currents for ML2 complexes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2005.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Serrano N, Šestáková I, Díaz-Cruz J. Constant Current Stripping Chronopotentiometry for the Study of Adsorbing Inert and Electrochemically Nonreversible Metal Complexes at Low Concentrations: Application to Cd and Zn Metallothioneins. ELECTROANAL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200503390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Serrano N, del Mar Gómez-Boadas M, Díaz-Cruz J, Berbel F, Ariño C, Esteban M. Suitability of Stripping Chronopotentiometry for Heavy Metal Speciation Using Hydrogen Peroxide as Oxidant: Application to the Cd(II)-EDTA-PMA System. ELECTROANAL 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200503350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Dugo G, La Pera L, Lo Turco V, Di Bella G. Speciation of inorganic arsenic in alimentary and environmental aqueous samples by using derivative anodic stripping chronopotentiometry (dASCP). CHEMOSPHERE 2005; 61:1093-101. [PMID: 16263379 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2004] [Revised: 02/25/2005] [Accepted: 03/16/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to develop a sensitive and accurate chronopotentiometric method at a gold film electrode, to determine trace and ultra trace levels of As(III) and As(V) in alimentary and environmental water systems. As(III) was directly determined in the aqueous matrix at a deposition potential of -300 mV for 180 s and at a constant anodic current of 2.5 microA, without any sample pre-treatment; moreover the chronopotentiometric method did not require a time-consuming de-oxygenation step prior to the analysis. A 3M HCl solution was chosen as the best stripping medium. The direct analysis of As(V) required the application of a high negative over-potential and, thus, measurements were characterized by poor reproducibility; therefore As(V) was determined after reduction to As(III) with KI in a strong hydrochloric acid solution. Under the optimised electrochemical conditions, detection limits of 0.08 microg As(III) l(-1) were achieved and no significant interferences from Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn and organic substances were observed. As(V) was the most abundant species in all the studied environmental and alimentary aqueous matrices. Amongst the beverages, tea and coffee presented the As(V) highest concentration ranges (934-1740 microg l(-1) and 850-1290 microg l(-1), respectively) while bottled mineral water the lowest (<1.61 microg l(-1)); whereas As(III) levels lower than 5.0 microg l(-1) were detected only in wine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Dugo
- Department of Organic and Biological Chemistry, University of Messina, Salita Sperone 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
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Pinheiro J, Domingos R. Impact of spherical diffusion on labile trace metal speciation by electrochemical stripping techniques. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2004.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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41
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Matarese Palmieri R, La Pera L, Di Bella G, Dugo G. Simultaneous determination of Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) by derivative stripping chronopotentiometry in Pittosporum tobira leaves: a measurement of local atmospheric pollution in Messina (Sicily, Italy). CHEMOSPHERE 2005; 59:1161-1168. [PMID: 15833490 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2004] [Revised: 11/15/2004] [Accepted: 11/22/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the bio-accumulation of Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) in Pittosporum tobira (Thunb.) Aiton leaves sampled in different zones of Messina, in order to assess the level of atmospheric metal deposition in correlation with the traffic volume. Derivative stripping chronopotentiometry was used as a practical, precise and sensitive technique to determine simultaneously Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn levels in Pittosporum leaves. In the optimised electro-chemical conditions, detection limits lower than 0.05 microg kg(-1) were achieved, whereas the accuracy, expressed as obtained recoveries from certified materials, was in the range 93.5-102.7%. The obtained data provided evidence that Cd and Pb levels significantly decreased from high to low traffic density zones (p < 0.005, ANOVA), whereas Cu and Zn are accumulated by plants particularly from the soil and their contents is not related to the traffic volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosina Matarese Palmieri
- Department of Organic and Biological Chemistry, University of Messina, Salita Sperone 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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Torrent M, Puy J, Companys E, Galceran J, Salvador J, Garcés JL, Mas F. Voltammetry of heterogeneous labile metal–macromolecular systems for any ligand to metal ratio: part IV. Binding curve from the polarographic waves. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2004.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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43
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Electrochemical methodology to study labile trace metal/natural organic matter complexation at low concentration levels in natural waters. Anal Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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44
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Pinheiro JP, van Leeuwen HP. Scanned stripping chronopotentiometry of metal complexes: lability diagnosis and stability computation. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2004.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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45
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Dugo G, La Pera L, Lo Turco V, Giuffrida D, Restuccia S. Determination of copper, zinc, selenium, lead and cadmium in potatoes (Solanum tuberosumL.) using potentiometric stripping methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 21:649-57. [PMID: 15370838 DOI: 10.1080/02652030410001698698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Potentiometric stripping analysis was used to determine simultaneously the content of zinc(II), cadmium(II), lead(II) and copper(II) in potatoes, whereas the concentration of selenium was determined by cathodic stripping potentiometric analysis. Metal cations were extracted from potatoes by hydrogen peroxide/hydrochloric acid treatments. The relative standard deviation of the methods ranged from 2.3 to 4.1% and the detection limits were lower than 2.5 microg kg(-1). The results obtained with the proposed methods were compared with those obtained with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy, a common method for determining metals. The results of the two methods agreed to within 6.1%. Twelve samples of yellow flesh potatoes from different cultivars were analysed. Of all the metals determined, Cu and Zn were the most abundant with concentrations between 0.5 and 4.6 mg kg(-1). Selenium was only found in three samples in very low amounts (<0.1 mg kg(-1)), whilst Pb and Cd concentrations were in the range 0.01-0.27 mg kg(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Dugo
- Department of Organic and Biological Chemistry, University of Messina, Salita Sperone 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy.
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Batley GE, Apte SC, Stauber JL. Speciation and Bioavailability of Trace Metals in Water: Progress Since 1982. Aust J Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1071/ch04095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The advances in studies of trace metal speciation and bioavailability since Mark Florence’s 1982 review of the topic, published in Talanta, have been comprehensively reviewed. While the relative merits of kinetic and equilibrium approaches are still being determined, advances in the applications of stripping voltammetry, including the application of microelectrodes and an appreciation of detection windows in both CSV and ASV, have been matched by the introduction of new dynamic techniques including diffusive gradients in thin films (DGTs), permeation liquid membranes (PLMs), and improved applications of chelating resins. There have also been improvements in equilibrium techniques such as ion-selective electrodes and Donnan dialysis. The ability of geochemical speciation models to predict metal complexation by natural organic matter has greatly improved, yet the models still require validation against field measurements. More reliable and relevant bioassays have been developed using sensitive species such as algae and bacteria, and improved protocols are eliminating uncertainties particularly due to problems with high cell densities, and are allowing more useful comparisons with chemically estimated bioavailability. While the free-ion activity model has provided an improved interpretation of the relative toxicities observed with different metal species, its extension to the biotic ligand model is leading to better predictions of acute effects at least on higher organisms. The extension of such approaches to studies of chronic effects at ‘natural’ concentrations using unicellular organisms remains a challenge, as does the evaluation of whether such approaches are simplified limiting cases of a more dynamic natural situation where chemical reactivity and rates of metal transport could be important.
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Town RM, van Leeuwen HP. Dynamic Speciation Analysis of Heterogeneous Metal Complexes with Natural Ligands by Stripping Chronopotentiometry at Scanned Deposition Potential (SSCP). Aust J Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1071/ch04088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Stripping chronopotentiometry at scanned deposition potential (SSCP) allows chemical heterogeneity in metal speciation to be unambiguously identified. In the labile regime, use of the Freundlich binding isotherm allows straightforward determination of parameters to describe the apparent stability and heterogeneity of metal complexes with humic substances. The extent of heterogeneity of metal binding by several humic substances follows the order Cu(ii) >> Pb(ii) > Cd(ii). The lability of metal complexes decreases from the foot to the top of the wave, and the greater the degree of heterogeneity, the more readily lability is lost. In the kinetic current regime, the Koutecký–Koryta approximation allows an expression to be obtained for the SSCP wave that provides a good estimate of the experimental data for metal complexes with moderate degrees of heterogeneity.
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van Leeuwen HP, Town RM. Stripping chronopotentiometry at scanned deposition potential (SSCP). Part 4. The kinetic current regime. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2003.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Serrano N, Dı́az-Cruz JM, Ariño C, Esteban M. Comparison of constant-current stripping chronopotentiometry and anodic stripping voltammetry in metal speciation studies using mercury drop and film electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2003.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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van Leeuwen HP, Town RM. Electrochemical metal speciation analysis of chemically heterogeneous samples: the outstanding features of stripping chronopotentiometry at scanned deposition potential. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2003; 37:3945-3952. [PMID: 12967117 DOI: 10.1021/es030033p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The application of depletive stripping chronopotentiometry at scanned deposition potential (SSCP) to metal ion speciation analysis of chemically heterogeneous complex systems is described. In this electroanalytical stripping technique, metal which is accumulated in the electrode during the deposition step is quantitatively reoxidized during the detection step. SSCP is able to provide an unambiguous measure of heterogeneity that is not attainable by other nondepletive electroanalytical stripping techniques that measure only a proportion of the accumulated metal. SSCP data are not affected by the secondary interferences that plague conventional electrochemical techniques, that is, induced metal adsorption and insufficient ligand excess during stripping. Furthermore, the effect of heterogeneity, as manifested in flattening of the SSCP wave, can be distinguished from that of electrochemical irreversibility. Data are presented for complexation of Cu(II), Pb(II), and Cd(II) by several humic fractions: distinct heterogeneity differences are observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman P van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Postbus 8038, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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