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Villo P, Shatskiy A, Kärkäs MD, Lundberg H. Electrosynthetic C-O Bond Activation in Alcohols and Alcohol Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202211952. [PMID: 36278406 PMCID: PMC10107720 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Alcohols and their derivatives are ubiquitous and versatile motifs in organic synthesis. Deoxygenative transformations of these compounds are often challenging due to the thermodynamic penalty associated with the cleavage of the C-O bond. However, electrochemically driven redox events have been shown to facilitate the C-O bond cleavage in alcohols and their derivatives either through direct electron transfer or through the use of electron transfer mediators and electroactive catalysts. Herein, a comprehensive overview of preparative electrochemically mediated protocols for C-O bond activation and functionalization is detailed, including direct and indirect electrosynthetic methods, as well as photoelectrochemical strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piret Villo
- Department of ChemistryKTH Royal Institute of TechnologySE-100 44StockholmSweden
| | - Andrey Shatskiy
- Department of ChemistryKTH Royal Institute of TechnologySE-100 44StockholmSweden
| | - Markus D. Kärkäs
- Department of ChemistryKTH Royal Institute of TechnologySE-100 44StockholmSweden
| | - Helena Lundberg
- Department of ChemistryKTH Royal Institute of TechnologySE-100 44StockholmSweden
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2
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Shi C, Li F, Chen Y, Lin S, Hao E, Guo Z, Wosqa UT, Zhang D, Shi L. Photocatalytic Umpolung Synthesis of Nucleophilic π-Allylcobalt Complexes for Allylation of Aldehydes. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caizhe Shi
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Fusheng Li
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Shuangjie Lin
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Erjun Hao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Zhuowen Guo
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Urwa Tul Wosqa
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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3
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Labbé E, Buriez O. Fundamental Input of Analytical Electrochemistry in the Determination of Intermediates and Reaction Mechanisms in Electrosynthetic Processes. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201900045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Labbé
- PASTEURDépartement de ChimieÉcole Normale SupérieurePSL UniversitySorbonne Université CNRS 75005 Paris France
| | - Olivier Buriez
- PASTEURDépartement de ChimieÉcole Normale SupérieurePSL UniversitySorbonne Université CNRS 75005 Paris France
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4
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Everson DA, Jones BA, Weix DJ. Replacing conventional carbon nucleophiles with electrophiles: nickel-catalyzed reductive alkylation of aryl bromides and chlorides. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:6146-59. [PMID: 22463689 PMCID: PMC3324882 DOI: 10.1021/ja301769r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
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A general method is presented for the synthesis of alkylated
arenes by the chemoselective combination of two electrophilic carbons.
Under the optimized conditions, a variety of aryl and vinyl bromides
are reductively coupled with alkyl bromides in high yields. Under
similar conditions, activated aryl chlorides can also be coupled with
bromoalkanes. The protocols are highly functional-group tolerant (−OH,
−NHTs, −OAc, −OTs, −OTf, −COMe,
−NHBoc, −NHCbz, −CN, −SO2Me),
and the reactions are assembled on the benchtop with no special precautions
to exclude air or moisture. The reaction displays different chemoselectivity
than conventional cross-coupling reactions, such as the Suzuki–Miyaura,
Stille, and Hiyama–Denmark reactions. Substrates bearing both
an electrophilic and nucleophilic carbon result in selective coupling
at the electrophilic carbon (R–X) and no reaction at the nucleophilic
carbon (R–[M]) for organoboron (−Bpin), organotin (−SnMe3), and organosilicon (−SiMe2OH) containing
organic halides (X–R–[M]). A Hammett study showed a
linear correlation of σ and σ(−) parameters with
the relative rate of reaction of substituted aryl bromides with bromoalkanes.
The small ρ values for these correlations (1.2–1.7) indicate
that oxidative addition of the bromoarene is not the turnover-frequency
determining step. The rate of reaction has a positive dependence on
the concentration of alkyl bromide and catalyst, no dependence upon
the amount of zinc (reducing agent), and an inverse dependence upon
aryl halide concentration. These results and studies with an organic
reductant (TDAE) argue against the intermediacy of organozinc reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Everson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0216, USA
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5
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Design and electrochemical characterization of a new cobalt(II)–cyclodextrin complex. Evidence for a supramolecular stabilization of the Co(I) state. Electrochem commun 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2008.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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6
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Gosmini C, Bégouin JM, Moncomble A. Cobalt-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:3221-33. [DOI: 10.1039/b805142a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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7
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Unexpected stabilization of a simple cobalt(I) salt in acetonitrile at a glassy carbon electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2006.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lombardo M, Licciulli S, Pasi F, Angelici G, Trombini C. Cobalt-Catalysed Addition of Allylidene Dipivalate to Aldehydes. A Formal Homoaldol Condensation. Adv Synth Catal 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200505212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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9
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Polleux L, Labbé E, Buriez O, Périchon J. CoI- and Co0-Bipyridine Complexes Obtained by Reduction of CoBr2bpy: Electrochemical Behaviour and Investigation of Their Reactions with Aromatic Halides and Vinylic Acetates. Chemistry 2005; 11:4678-86. [PMID: 15915519 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200400971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical behaviour of CoBr(2)bpy (bpy=2,2'-bipyridine) catalyst precursor in acetonitrile has been studied, revealing its possible reduction into the corresponding Co(I) and Co(0) complexes. These low-valent cobalt species appear to be stable on the time scale of cyclic voltammetry. In the presence of aromatic halides, both complexes undergo oxidative addition, the latter Co(0) species allowing the activation of poorly reactive aromatic chlorides. The arylcobalt(III) and arylcobalt(II) obtained are reduced at the same potential as the original Co(II) and Co(I) complexes, respectively, resulting in the observation of overall ECE mechanisms in both cases. The electrochemical study shows that vinylic acetates competitively react with electrogenerated Co(0) species, leading to a labile complex. Preparative scale electrolyses carried out from solutions containing aromatic halides (ArX), vinyl acetate (vinylOAc) and a catalytic amount of CoBr(2)bpy lead to a mixture of biaryl (Ar-Ar) and arene (ArH) as long as the potential is set on the plateau of the Co(II) right arrow over left arrow Co(I) reduction wave. The coupling product (Ar-vinyl) is formed only if the electrolysis is performed on the plateau of the Co(I)/Co(0) reduction wave. A mechanism is proposed for the overall cobalt-catalyzed coupling reaction between aromatic halides and allylic acetates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Polleux
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie, Catalyse et Synthèse Organique (LECSO), UMR CNRS 7582, Thiais, France
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Kecili K, Buriez O, Labbé E, Périchon J. On the reactivity of the electrogenerated cobalt(I) species towards aryl halides in the presence of allylethers. Electrochim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2004.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Mechanism(s) of the cobalt-catalyzed electrochemical coupling between aromatic halides and allylic acetates. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2003.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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