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Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer among men in the United States. While the use of prostate-specific antigen has improved the ability to screen and ultimately diagnose PCa, there still remain false positives due to noncancerous conditions in the prostate gland itself and other prognostic biomarkers for PCa are needed. Contents within extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising biomarkers that can give valuable information about disease state, and have the additional benefit of being acquired through noninvasive liquid biopsies. Meaningful communication between cancer cells and the microenvironment are carried by EVs, which impact important cellular processes in prostate cancer such as metastasis, immune regulation, and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Ludwig
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Rhea Rajvansh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Eastview High School, Apple Valley, MN 55124, USA
| | - Justin M Drake
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Gao S, Chen S, Han D, Wang Z, Li M, Han W, Besschetnova A, Liu M, Zhou F, Barrett D, Luong MP, Owiredu J, Liang Y, Ahmed M, Petricca J, Patalano S, Macoska JA, Corey E, Chen S, Balk SP, He HH, Cai C. Chromatin binding of FOXA1 is promoted by LSD1-mediated demethylation in prostate cancer. Nat Genet 2020; 52:1011-1017. [PMID: 32868907 PMCID: PMC7541538 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-020-0681-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
FOXA1 functions as a pioneer transcription factor by facilitating the access to chromatin for steroid hormone receptors, such as androgen receptor and estrogen receptor1-4, but mechanisms regulating its binding to chromatin remain elusive. LSD1 (KDM1A) acts as a transcriptional repressor by demethylating mono/dimethylated histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me1/2)5,6, but also acts as a steroid hormone receptor coactivator through mechanisms that are unclear. Here we show, in prostate cancer cells, that LSD1 associates with FOXA1 and active enhancer markers, and that LSD1 inhibition globally disrupts FOXA1 chromatin binding. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that LSD1 positively regulates FOXA1 binding by demethylating lysine 270, adjacent to the wing2 region of the FOXA1 DNA-binding domain. Acting through FOXA1, LSD1 inhibition broadly disrupted androgen-receptor binding and its transcriptional output, and dramatically decreased prostate cancer growth alone and in synergy with androgen-receptor antagonist treatment in vivo. These mechanistic insights suggest new therapeutic strategies in steroid-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Gao
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sujun Chen
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Center/University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dong Han
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zifeng Wang
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Muqing Li
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wanting Han
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna Besschetnova
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mingyu Liu
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Feng Zhou
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - David Barrett
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - My Phu Luong
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jude Owiredu
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA.,Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yi Liang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center/University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Musaddeque Ahmed
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center/University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica Petricca
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Center/University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan Patalano
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jill A Macoska
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sen Chen
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven P Balk
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Housheng Hansen He
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Princess Margaret Cancer Center/University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Changmeng Cai
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA.
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