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Neate PGN, Greenhalgh MD, Brennessel WW, Thomas SP, Neidig ML. Mechanism of the Bis(imino)pyridine-Iron-Catalyzed Hydromagnesiation of Styrene Derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:10099-10108. [PMID: 31150210 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Iron-catalyzed hydromagnesiation of styrene derivatives offers a rapid and efficient method to generate benzylic Grignard reagents, which can be applied in a range of transformations to provide products of formal hydrofunctionalization. While iron-catalyzed methodologies exist for the hydromagnesiation of terminal alkenes, internal alkynes, and styrene derivatives, the underlying mechanisms of catalysis remain largely undefined. To address this issue and determine the divergent reactivity from established cross-coupling and hydrofunctionalization reactions, a detailed study of the bis(imino)pyridine iron-catalyzed hydromagnesiation of styrene derivatives is reported. Using a combination of kinetic analysis, deuterium labeling, and reactivity studies as well as in situ 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, key mechanistic features and species were established. A formally iron(0) ate complex [ iPrBIPFe(Et)(CH2═CH2)]- was identified as the principle resting state of the catalyst. Dissociation of ethene forms the catalytically active species which can reversibly coordinate the styrene derivative and mediate a direct and reversible β-hydride transfer, negating the necessity of a discrete iron hydride intermediate. Finally, displacement of the tridentate bis(imino)pyridine ligand over the course of the reaction results in the formation of a tris-styrene-coordinated iron(0) complex, which is also a competent catalyst for hydromagnesiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G N Neate
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , David Brewster Road , Edinburgh EH9 3FJ , U.K.,Department of Chemistry , University of Rochester , Rochester , New York 14627 , United States
| | - Mark D Greenhalgh
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , David Brewster Road , Edinburgh EH9 3FJ , U.K
| | - William W Brennessel
- Department of Chemistry , University of Rochester , Rochester , New York 14627 , United States
| | - Stephen P Thomas
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , David Brewster Road , Edinburgh EH9 3FJ , U.K
| | - Michael L Neidig
- Department of Chemistry , University of Rochester , Rochester , New York 14627 , United States
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Greenhalgh MD, Kolodziej A, Sinclair F, Thomas SP. Iron-Catalyzed Hydromagnesiation: Synthesis and Characterization of Benzylic Grignard Reagent Intermediate and Application in the Synthesis of Ibuprofen. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500319h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Greenhalgh
- School
of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, West Mains
Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, U.K
| | - Adam Kolodziej
- School
of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, West Mains
Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, U.K
| | - Fern Sinclair
- School
of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, West Mains
Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, U.K
| | - Stephen P. Thomas
- School
of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, West Mains
Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, U.K
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Lichtenberg C, Spaniol TP, Peckermann I, Hanusa TP, Okuda J. Cationic, Neutral, and Anionic Allyl Magnesium Compounds: Unprecedented Ligand Conformations and Reactivity Toward Unsaturated Hydrocarbons. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 135:811-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ja310112e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Crispin Lichtenberg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52056 Aachen,
Germany
| | - Thomas P. Spaniol
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52056 Aachen,
Germany
| | - Ilja Peckermann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52056 Aachen,
Germany
| | - Timothy P. Hanusa
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235,
United States
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52056 Aachen,
Germany
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Shirakawa E, Ikeda D, Masui S, Yoshida M, Hayashi T. Iron-copper cooperative catalysis in the reactions of alkyl Grignard reagents: exchange reaction with alkenes and carbometalation of alkynes. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 134:272-9. [PMID: 22128888 DOI: 10.1021/ja206745w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Iron-copper cooperative catalysis is shown to be effective for an alkene-Grignard exchange reaction and alkylmagnesiation of alkynes. The Grignard exchange between terminal alkenes (RCH═CH(2)) and cyclopentylmagnesium bromide was catalyzed by FeCl(3) (2.5 mol %) and CuBr (5 mol %) in combination with PBu(3) (10 mol %) to give RCH(2)CH(2)MgBr in high yields. 1-Alkyl Grignard reagents add to alkynes in the presence of a catalyst system consisting of Fe(acac)(3), CuBr, PBu(3), and N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine to give β-alkylvinyl Grignard reagents. The exchange reaction and carbometalation take place on iron, whereas copper assists with the exchange of organic groups between organoiron and organomagnesium species through transmetalation with these species. Sequential reactions consisting of the alkene-Grignard exchange and the alkylmagnesiation of alkynes were successfully conducted by adding an alkyne to a mixture of the first reaction. Isomerization of Grignard reagents from 2-alkyl to 1-alkyl catalyzed by Fe-Cu also is applicable as the first 1-alkyl Grignard formation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Shirakawa
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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Kambe N, Moriwaki Y, Fujii Y, Iwasaki T, Terao J. Silver-Catalyzed Regioselective Carbomagnesiation of Alkynes with Alkyl Halides and Grignard Reagents. Org Lett 2011; 13:4656-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol2018664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Kambe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan, and Department of Energy, Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yuusuke Moriwaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan, and Department of Energy, Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yuuki Fujii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan, and Department of Energy, Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Takanori Iwasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan, and Department of Energy, Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Jun Terao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan, and Department of Energy, Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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Terao J, Watabe H, Kambe N. Ni-Catalyzed Alkylative Dimerization of Vinyl Grignard Reagents Using Alkyl Fluorides. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:3656-7. [PMID: 15771474 DOI: 10.1021/ja042565r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alkyl halides underwent unique cross-coupling reaction with vinylmagnesium chloride in the presence of Ni catalyst to give 2-alkyl-3-butenyl Grignard reagent (1) in high yields. This reaction proceeded efficiently at 25 degrees C in THF using primary and secondary alkyl fluorides. On the other hand, PhCH=CHMgBr gave double alkylative vinyl coupling product 4 in good yield as the sole coupling product. Alkyl fluorides react as the most suitable alkylating reagent in comparison to the corresponding chlorides, bromides, and iodides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Terao
- Department of Molecular Chemistry & Science and Technology Center for Atoms, Molecules and Ions Control, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Sato F. The preparation of Grignard reagents via the hydromagnesation reaction and their uses in organic synthesis. J Organomet Chem 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-328x(85)87356-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lehmkuhl H, Reinehr D, Schomburg G, Henneberg D, Damen H, Schroth G. Addition von Organomagnesiumhalogeniden an CC-Bindungen, VI1) Reaktionen von Allylmagnesiumhalogeniden mit Olefinen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1975. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.197519750112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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The transition metal-catalyzed displacement reaction between organometallic compounds and olefins. J Organomet Chem 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(00)80808-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Tamura M, Kochi JK. The Reactions of Grignard Reagents with Transition Metal Halides: Coupling, Disproportionation, and Exchange with Olefins. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1971. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.44.3063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Farády L, Markó L. Transition metal alkyls and hydrides X. Structure of products formed in the reactions between olefins and grignard reagents in the presence of nickel chloride. J Organomet Chem 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(00)84564-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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