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Pastor MJ, Sánchez I, Campo JA, Schmidt R, Cano M. New Pyrazolium Salts as a Support for Ionic Liquid Crystals and Ionic Conductors. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11040548. [PMID: 29614030 PMCID: PMC5951432 DOI: 10.3390/ma11040548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquid crystals (ILCs) are a class of materials that combine the properties of liquid crystals (LCs) and ionic liquids (ILs). This type of materials is directed towards properties such as conductivity in ordered systems at different temperatures. In this work, we synthesize five new families of ILCs containing symmetrical and unsymmetrical substituted pyrazolium cations, with different alkyl long-chains, and anions such as Cl−, BF4−, ReO4−, p-CH3-6H4SO3− (PTS) and CF3SO3− (OTf). We study their thermal behavior by polarized light optical microscopy (POM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). All of them, except those with OTf as counteranion, show thermotropic mesomorphism. The observations by POM reveal textures of lamellar mesophases. Those agree with the arrangement observed in the X-ray crystal structure of [H2pzR(4),R(4)][ReO4]. The nature of the mesophases is also confirmed by variable temperature powder X-ray diffraction. On the other hand, the study of the dielectric properties at variable temperature in mesomorphic (Cl− and BF4−) and non-mesomorphic (OTf) salts indicates that the supramolecular arrangement of the mesophase favors a greater ionic mobility and therefore ionic conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Pastor
- Dpto. Química Inorgánica, Fac. CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ignacio Sánchez
- Dpto. Química Inorgánica, Fac. CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José A Campo
- Dpto. Química Inorgánica, Fac. CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rainer Schmidt
- Dpto. Física de Materiales, Fac. CC. Físicas, GFMC, Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mercedes Cano
- Dpto. Química Inorgánica, Fac. CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Yam VWW, Au VKM, Leung SYL. Light-Emitting Self-Assembled Materials Based on d8 and d10 Transition Metal Complexes. Chem Rev 2015; 115:7589-728. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1065] [Impact Index Per Article: 118.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional
Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee
(Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Vonika Ka-Man Au
- Institute of Molecular Functional
Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee
(Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Sammual Yu-Lut Leung
- Institute of Molecular Functional
Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee
(Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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Cuerva C, Campo JA, Ovejero P, Torres MR, Cano M. Polycatenar pyrazole and pyrazolate ligands as building blocks of new columnar Pd(ii) metallomesogens. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:8849-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00369a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cuerva C, Ovejero P, Campo JA, Cano M. Tetrahedral and octahedral metallomesogenic Zn(ii) complexes supported by pyridine-functionalised pyrazole ligands. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj00755c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Heterocyclic 3,5-disubstituted phenylpyrazoles and isoxazoles: synthesis and mesomorphic behavior. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sánchez I, Campo JA, Heras JV, Rosario Torres M, Cano M. Pyrazolium salts as a new class of ionic liquid crystals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm31939j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mayoral MJ, Ovejero P, Criado R, Cristina Lagunas M, Pintado-Alba A, Rosario Torres M, Cano M. Diphosphines and pyrazole/pyrazolate-type ligands as building blocks in luminescent Au(I) complexes. J Organomet Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2011.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Mayoral MJ, Ovejero P, Campo JA, Heras JV, Torres MR, Lodeiro C, Cano M. Silver pyrazole complexes with tunable liquid crystals and luminescent properties. NEW J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b9nj00753a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Pérez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica‐IUQOEM, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo‐CSIC, 33006 Oviedo, Spain, Fax: +34‐985103446
| | - Lucía Riera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica‐IUQOEM, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo‐CSIC, 33006 Oviedo, Spain, Fax: +34‐985103446
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Chen MC, Lee SC, Ho CC, Hu TS, Lee GH, Lai CK. Calamitic metallomesogens derived from unsymmetric pyrazoles. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Beltrán E, Cavero E, Barberá J, Serrano J, Elduque A, Giménez R. Self-Assembly in Helical Columnar Mesophases and Luminescence of Chiral 1H-Pyrazoles. Chemistry 2009; 15:9017-23. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Yang G, Martínez JR, Raptis RG. Dinuclear gold(III) pyrazolato complexes – Synthesis, structural characterization and transformation to their trinuclear gold(I) and gold(I/III) analogues. Inorganica Chim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2008.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mayoral M, Ovejero P, Campo J, Heras J, Pinilla E, Torres M, Cano M. Ionic liquid crystals from β-diketonyl containing pyridinium cations and tetrachlorozincate anions. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2008.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Chou SY, Chen CJ, Tsai SL, Sheu HS, Lee GH, Lai CK. Columnar metallomesogens derived from unsymmetrical pyrazoles. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.11.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Mayoral MJ, Ovejero P, Campo JA, Heras JV, Pinilla E, Torres MR, Lodeiro C, Cano M. Silver and gold luminescent metallomesogens based on pyrazole ligands. Dalton Trans 2008:6912-24. [DOI: 10.1039/b808487d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ovejero P, Mayoral MJ, Cano M, Campo JA, Heras JV, Pinilla E, Torres MR. The 3,5-dimethyl-4-nitropyrazole ligand in the construction of supramolecular networks of silver(I) complexes. J Organomet Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2007.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ovejero P, Mayoral MJ, Cano M, Lagunas MC. Luminescence of neutral and ionic gold(I) complexes containing pyrazole or pyrazolate-type ligands. J Organomet Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2006.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Torralba M, Cano M, Campo J, Heras J, Pinilla E, Torres M. Pyrazole-based allylpalladium complexes: Supramolecular architecture and liquid crystal behaviour. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2006.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Giménez R, Elduque A, López JA, Barbera J, Cavero E, Lantero I, Oro LA, Serrano JL. Supramolecular Structures and Columnar Mesophase Induction in Nondiscoid Pyrazoles by Complexation to Rhodium(I). Inorg Chem 2006; 45:10363-70. [PMID: 17140246 DOI: 10.1021/ic0614216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Several new cis-[RhCl(CO)2(Ln)] complexes have been prepared using different polycatenar pyrazole ligands (Ln) in order to obtain columnar liquid crystalline arrangements. The topology of the ligand plays an essential role, and a mesophase is induced at room temperature from a nonmesogenic pyrazole only when it is symmetrically substituted with six decyloxy chains. The single-crystal structure of a methoxy-substituted analogue, 3,5-bis(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)pyrazole, is formed by globular tetrameric structures held together by H-bonding. However, parallel dimers are present in the corresponding cis-chlorodicarbonylrhodium(I) complex, a situation that explains the induction of a columnar mesophase in the decyloxy-substituted complex. The XRD pattern of the mesophase is consistent with a hexagonal symmetry in which the columns are formed by molecules assembled in an antiparallel mode. The crystal-to-mesophase transition was also detected by spectroscopic techniques as a shift in the IR carbonyl stretching bands and the appearance of a charge-transfer band in the absorption spectrum with thermochromic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Giménez
- Departamento de Química OrgAnica, Facultad de Ciencias-Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
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Cushing GW, Howard WA, Pang K. mer-[MCl3(Me2pzH)3] (M=Rh, Ir; Me2pzH=3,5-dimethylpyrazole): X-ray structures, spectroscopic properties, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. J Mol Struct 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2006.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Torralba MC, Campo JA, Heras JV, Bruce DW, Cano M. Mesomorphism of ionic allylpalladium(II) complexes containing pz(R2)py as ligands and [BF4]-, [PF6]- or [CF3SO3]- as counteranions. Dalton Trans 2006:3918-26. [PMID: 16896453 DOI: 10.1039/b601637e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and thermal behaviour is reported of some ionic liquid-crystalline complexes formed when a mesogenic, two-chained, pyrazolylpyridine ligand is bound to a eta3-allylpalladium(II) fragment. The phase behaviour of the complexes is dominated by the formation of the SmA phase and, while the stability of the crystal phase appears to be controlled by intermolecular solid-state interactions, the stability of the liquid crystal phases is controlled by the length of the ligand alkoxy chains. Some of the complexes also show a complex polymorphism leading to the observation of double-melting behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Carmen Torralba
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
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Kovganko VN, Kovganko NN. Synthesis of new liquid-crystalline compounds from the 3-aryl-5-alkylpyrazole series. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428006050083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Torralba M, Cano M, Campo J, Heras J, Pinilla E, Torres M. Liquid crystal behaviour of ionic allylpalladium complexes containing 2-pyrazolylpyridine as bidentate N,N′-ligand. J Organomet Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2005.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Gallego M, Ovejero P, Cano M, Heras J, Campo J, Pinilla E, Torres M. (Pyrazole)silver(I) and -gold(I) Complexes with Strong and Weak Hydrogen-Bonding Interactions as the Basis of One- or Two-Dimensional Structures. Eur J Inorg Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200300947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Torralba M, Cano M, Gómez S, Campo J, Heras J, Perles J, Ruiz-Valero C. Bridged 3,5-disubstituted pyrazolate ligands as support of metallomesogens containing [Pd(η3-C3H5)]+ fragments. J Organomet Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(03)00669-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Claramunt R, Cornago P, Cano M, Heras J, Gallego M, Pinilla E, Torres M. New Tris(pyrazolyl)triazine and Pyrazolylpyridine Gold(I) and Palladium(II) Derivatives Based on the 3,5-Bis(4-butoxyphenyl)pyrazole Group − Architectures with Different Types of Bonding Interactions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200300039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Mayoral M, Torralba M, Cano M, Campo J, Heras J. Pyridylpyrazole derivatives. A new type of mesogenic bidentate ligands inducing mesomorphism on their related PdX2 complexes. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1387-7003(03)00053-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Torralba M, Cano M, Campo J, Heras J, Pinilla E, Torres M. Mesogenic Pd(II) complexes based on 3-substituted pyrazol ligands. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1387-7003(02)00596-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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