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Ud Din S, Khattak O, Chaudhary FA, Saeed A, Iqbal A, Syed J, Kensara AA, Alsharari T, Mustafa M, Sultan SE, Patel M. Comparison of the elastic recovery and strain-in-compression of commercial and novel vinyl polysiloxane impression materials incorporating a novel crosslinking agent and a surfactant. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15677. [PMID: 37520257 PMCID: PMC10373643 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to formulate experimental vinylpolysiloxane (VPS) impression materials and compare their elastic recovery and strain-in-compressions with three commercial VPS materials (Aquasil, Elite, and Extrude). Five experimental materials (Exp), two hydrophobic (Exp-I and II) and three hydrophilic (Exp-III, IV and V) were developed. Exp 1 contained vinyl-terminated poly-dimethyl siloxane and a conventional cross-linking agent (poly methylhydrosiloxane), while Exp- II contained a novel cross-linking agent that is tetra-functional dimethyl-silyl-ortho-silicate (TFDMSOS). Exp III-V (hydrophilic materials) were formulated by incorporating different concentrations of non-ionic surfactant (Rhodasurf CET-2) into Exp II formulation. Measurement of elastic recovery and strain-in-compression for commercial and experimental materials were performed according to ISO4823 standard using the calibrated mechanical testing machine (Tinius Olsen). One-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) and Tukey's post-hoc (HSD) test were used for statistical analysis and a p-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Exp-I has statistically similar values to commercial VPS. The Exp-II showed the highest elastic recovery, while % elastic recovery was reduced with the addition of the non-ionic surfactant (Rhodasurf CET-2). The % reduction was directly related to the concentration of Rhodasurf CET-2. In addition, Exp II had significantly higher strain-in-compression values compared to Exp-I and commercial materials. These values were further increased with the addition of a non-ionic surfactant (Rhodasurf CET-2) was added (Exp-III, IV and V).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Ud Din
- School of Dentistry (SOD), Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University (SZABMU), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Osama Khattak
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farooq Ahmad Chaudhary
- School of Dentistry (SOD), Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University (SZABMU), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asfia Saeed
- Shifa College of Dentistry, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Iqbal
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamaluddin Syed
- Oral Basic Clinical Sciences Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Ahmed Kensara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, King Abdul Aziz University Dental Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thani Alsharari
- Department of Restorative and Dental Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Mustafa
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mangala Patel
- Centre for Oral Bioengineering (Dental Physical Sciences Unit), Bart’s and The London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Reproduction of Fine Details and Compatibility of Vinyl Polysiloxane Impression Materials. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12060867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop novel experimental (Exp) vinyl polysiloxane (VPS) impression materials (ab initio) and to evaluate their reproduction of fine details and compatibility with pouring materials. The Exp materials were compared with three commercial VPSs (Aquasil Ultra Monophase (Aq M), Extrude Medium-Bodied (Extr M), Elite HD Monophase (Elt M)) under dry, moist and wet conditions. Five VPSs (Exp-I–V) were developed, out of which Exp-I and II were hydrophobic while Exp-III, IV and V were hydrophilic. In the current study, Exp-II is the control for Exp-III, IV and V. Exp-I was the control for Exp-II, in which tear strength of the VPS was improved by adding a novel cross-linking agent. This part of the study has already been published by the authors. Under dry conditions, all commercial and Exp materials reproduced the 20 µm line satisfactorily. Under moist conditions, all commercial and some of the Exp (III, IV and V) materials reproduced the 20 µm line satisfactorily, with the exception of Exp-I and II. Under wet conditions, Aq M, Extr M and Exp-IV and V reproduced the continuous line, while Elt M and Exp-I, II and III failed to produce the line. For compatibility, all commercial and Exp VPSs, under dry conditions, reproduced the 50 µm line on the cast. Under moist conditions, Elt M and Exp-I and II did not record the line, while Aq M, Extr M and Exp-III, IV and V reproduced this line. Under wet conditions, Aq M, Extr M and Exp-IV and V reproduced the continuous line of 50 µm, while Elt M and Exp-I, II and III failed to record this line. Performance of the materials depends on the type and amount of surfactant incorporated. These data provide useful knowledge for clinicians on recording and pouring impressions with greater accuracy of reproduction of fine details and compatibility with cast/die materials.
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Comparison of the Hardness of Novel Experimental Vinyl Poly Siloxane (VPS) Impression Materials with Commercially Available Ones. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1703869. [PMID: 35187157 PMCID: PMC8849984 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1703869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To determine the hardness and Young's moduli of both commercial and experimental vinyl poly siloxane (VPS). Methods The purpose of this study was to develop a medium-bodied experimental (Exp-I, II, III, IV, and V) VPS impression materials and to analyse their effects on hardness and Young's modulus and compare them with three commercial VPS materials (Aquasil, Elite, and Extrude) using Shore A hardness tester. Measurements were recorded after 1, 24, 72, and 168 hours of mixing. The results were analysed with one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey's test using the SPSS PASW statistical 22 software. Results Commercial and experimental vinyl polysiloxane exhibited higher Shore A hardness values with time (i.e., 1 hour after mixing, 24 hours after mixing, 72 hours after mixing, and 1 week after mixing). All Comml and Exp VPS demonstrated a significant increase (ANOVA, p < 0.05) in hardness at increasing time points. Generally, all commercial VPS exhibited significantly higher values for Shore A hardness compared to all Exp formulations. For commercial products, Elt M presented significantly highest values at all-time points followed by Aq M then Extr M. Exp-I was significantly harder than all other Exp VPS at all-time points. Young's modulus values were directly related to Shore A hardness; materials with higher Shore A hardness values had higher Young's moduli. Conclusion Continued polymerisation of elastomeric impression materials results in increased hardness over time. Hardness, Young's moduli, and rigidity of the set commercial and experimental VPS materials were within the required limits. Shore A hardness and Young's moduli were directly proportional to each other, and commercial and experimental materials had enough rigidity to contain the stone during pouring.
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The effects of cross-linking agent and surfactant on the tear strength of novel vinyl polysiloxane impression materials. Dent Mater 2018; 34:e334-e343. [PMID: 30318115 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To formulate experimental hydrophobic and hydrophilic vinyl polysiloxane (VPS) impression materials ab initio, comprising a novel cross-linking agent, tetra-functional (dimethylsilyl) orthosilicate (TFDMSOS), and a non-ionic surfactant, Rhodasurf CET-2 (ethoxylatedcetyl-oleyl alcohol), and to investigate their effects on tear strength (TS). METHODS Five experimental formulations (Exp I-V) were prepared and compared with three medium bodied commercial VPS impression materials (Aq M, Elt M, Extr M). Tear test was performed on trouser test specimens (n=12 per material), at four time points (immediately, 24, 72 and 168 hours after setting). FTIR spectroscopy was used for identifying functional bonds and cross-linking. The results were analysed with one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey's test using the SPSS PASW statistical 22 software. RESULTS The material with novel cross-linking agent (Exp II) had significantly higher TSs at all-time points compared to Exp I (control; p˂0.05). Materials incorporating both TFDMSOS and surfactant (Exp III, IV and V), had further significantly increased TS at all-time points, which were concentration dependent. Extr M had a significantly lower TS (immediately after setting and at 24 hours) compared to all Exp and other commercial materials, with the exception of Elt M (difference not significant). The TSs of Exp II-V, after 72 and 168 hours, were significantly higher for than all commercial products and Exp I. FTIR spectra showed the consumption of Si-H groups indicating crosslinking had taken place with the addition of TFDMSOS and surfactant which contributed to an increase in the TS. SIGNIFICANCE TFDMSOS cross-linking agent increased the TS of Exp II significantly at all-time points compared to the control. Novel surfactant further significantly increased TS, and it was also concentration dependent. Exp VPS with improved TS have been developed, addressing one of the drawbacks of commercial VPS materials.
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Kotha SB, Ramakrishnaiah R, Devang Divakar D, Celur SL, Qasim S, Matinlinna JP. Effect of disinfection and sterilization on the tensile strength, surface roughness, and wettability of elastomers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 8. [PMID: 27782374 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of chemical disinfection, autoclave, and microwave sterilization on some of the key properties of elastomers. METHODS Five polyvinylsiloxane elastomeric impression materials were evaluated. Forty samples were fabricated from each material. The samples were randomly selected and assigned to four experimental groups with 50 samples each: group I, control; group II,chemical disinfection; group III, autoclave sterilization; and group IV, microwave sterilization. The differences in the mean values were contrasted and compared with the control group and analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (P < 0.05). RESULTS The results showed that chemical disinfection and autoclave sterilization had no significant effect on the tensile strength and surface roughness, whereas microwave sterilization showed a statistically-significant reduction in tensile strength, and an increase in surface roughness. None of the disinfection and sterilization techniques had a significant effect on wettability. However, autoclave and microwave sterilization resulted in an increase in hydrophilicity of all the materials tested. CONCLUSION Chemical disinfection and autoclave sterilization had no statistically-significant effect on the tested properties of elastomers, thus autoclave sterilization can be considered as an alternative and an effective mode of disinfection and sterilization to eliminate all forms of disease causing microorganisms from dental impressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Babu Kotha
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ravikumar Ramakrishnaiah
- Department of Dental Health, Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Darshan Devang Divakar
- Department of Dental Health, Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sree Lalita Celur
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Princess Noura Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Qasim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jukka P Matinlinna
- Department of Dental Health, Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Dental Materials Science, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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An in vitro study on the dimensional stability of a vinyl polyether silicone impression material over a prolonged storage period. J Prosthet Dent 2013; 109:172-8. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3913(13)60038-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Effect of storage time on the viscoelastic properties of elastomeric impression materials. J Prosthodont Res 2012; 56:11-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpor.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Carlo HL, Fonseca RB, Soares CJ, Correr AB, Correr-Sobrinho L, Sinhoreti MAC. Inorganic particle analysis of dental impression elastomers. Braz Dent J 2011; 21:520-7. [PMID: 21271042 DOI: 10.1590/s0103-64402010000600007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine quantitatively and qualitatively the inorganic particle fraction of commercially available dental elastomers. The inorganic volumetric fraction of two addition silicones (Reprosil Putty/Fluid and Flexitime Easy Putty/Fluid), three condensation silicones (Clonage Putty/Fluid, Optosil Confort/Xantopren VL and Silon APS Putty/Fluid), one polyether (Impregum Soft Light Body) and one polysulfide (Permlastic Light Body) was accessed by weighing a previously determined mass of each material in water before and after burning samples at 600 ºC, during 3 h. Unsettled material samples were soaked in acetone and chloroform for removal of the organic portion. The remaining filler particles were sputter-coated with gold evaluation of their morphology and size, under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Flexitime Easy Putty was the material with the highest results for volumetric particle fraction, while Impregum Soft had the lowest values. Silon 2 APS Fluid presented the lowest mean filler size values, while Clonage Putty had the highest values. SEM micrographs of the inorganic particles showed several morphologies - lathe-cut, spherical, spherical-like, sticks, and sticks mixed to lathe-cut powder. The results of this study revealed differences in particle characteristics among the elastometic materials that could lead to different results when testing mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Lemes Carlo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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Influence of prolonged setting time on permanent deformation of elastomeric impression materials. J Prosthet Dent 2010; 103:288-94. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3913(10)60060-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Raigrodski AJ, Dogan S, Mancl LA, Heindl H. A Clinical Comparison of Two Vinyl Polysiloxane Impression Materials Using the One-Step Technique. J Prosthet Dent 2009; 102:179-86. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3913(09)60143-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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