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Alfaifi MA, Wadhwani C, Schwedhelm ER, Kattadiyil MT. Evaluating the effect of the protector cap for castable implant abutments on reverse tightening values. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 131:476.e1-476.e7. [PMID: 36402626 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Screw loosening is the most common mechanical complication with implant prostheses. How the alteration of implant-to-abutment connection surfaces that occurs during laboratory procedures affects screw loosening is unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the reverse tightening value (RTV) differences between custom castable abutments before casting, after casting in a conventional manner, and after casting with custom protector caps and pegs. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty implants with a standard-diameter conical connection (NobelReplace Conical Connection 4.3×13 mm; Nobel Biocare AG) and 30 premachined 4.3-mm GoldAdapt abutments (GoldAdapt; Nobel Biocare AG) were selected for this study. Specimens were divided into 3 groups (n=10): the uncast custom castable abutment group (UCCA) in which abutments were new and not cast; the unprotected custom castable abutment group (UPCCA) in which abutments were cast and devested with airborne-particle abrasion; and the protected custom castable abutment group (PCCA) in which abutments were cast by using protector caps and pegs made by milling zirconia and then devested with airborne-particle abrasion. All abutments in each group were tightened to 35 Ncm with a calibrated digital tightening device. After 10 minutes, all screws were retightened to 35 Ncm. At 3 hours, each screw was loosened, and the value at which the initial loosening occurred was documented as the RTV. The results were statistically analyzed with 1-way ANOVA to explore differences, and post hoc tests with Tukey adjustment were used for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Among the tested groups, the mean RTV ranged from 19.89 Ncm to 27.19 Ncm: UCCA 27.19 Ncm, UPCCA 19.89 Ncm, and PCCA 24.24 Ncm. A significant difference was found among the tested groups (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS Casting procedures, especially devestment with airborne-particle abrasion, affected implant-abutment connections and the seat site of the screw. Protecting the implant connection site and the seat site of the abutment screw with protector caps and pegs prevented a significant loss of the RTV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Alfaifi
- Faculty, Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, King Khalid University College of Dentistry, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Fellow in Advanced Digital Prosthodontics and Implant Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, Calif.
| | - Chandur Wadhwani
- Private practice, Bellevue, Wash; Affiliate Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington School of Dentistry, Seattle, Wash
| | - E Ricardo Schwedhelm
- Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | - Mathew T Kattadiyil
- Professor, Advanced Specialty Education Program in Prosthodontics, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, Calif
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Lupi SM, De Martis D, Todaro C, Isola G, Beretta M, Rodriguez y Baena R. Conometric Connection for Implant-Supported Crowns: A Prospective Clinical Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7647. [PMID: 38137716 PMCID: PMC10743547 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12247647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional screw or cemented connections in dental implants present limitations, prompting the exploration of alternative methods. This study assesses the clinical outcomes of single crowns and fixed partial prostheses supported by conometric connections after one year of follow-up. METHODS Twenty-two patients received 70 implants, supporting 33 rehabilitations. Biological responses and prosthodontic complications were evaluated at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. RESULTS All implants exhibited successful osseointegration, with no losses or peri-implant inflammation. Marginal bone levels showed minimal changes, well below pathological thresholds. The difference in marginal bone loss (MBL) was -0.27 ± 0.79 mm between T0 and T1, and -0.51 ± 0.93 mm between T0 and T2. No abutment screw loosening or crown chipping occurred. However, coupling stability loss was observed in nine cases. CONCLUSIONS The conometric connection demonstrated successful integration and minimal complications after one year. This alternative shows promise, particularly in simplifying handling and improving marginal adaptation. Further research with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up is warranted for comprehensive validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saturnino Marco Lupi
- Department of Clinical Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.M.L.); (D.D.M.); (R.R.y.B.)
| | - Dario De Martis
- Department of Clinical Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.M.L.); (D.D.M.); (R.R.y.B.)
| | - Claudia Todaro
- Department of Clinical Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.M.L.); (D.D.M.); (R.R.y.B.)
| | - Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy;
| | - Mario Beretta
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Ruggero Rodriguez y Baena
- Department of Clinical Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.M.L.); (D.D.M.); (R.R.y.B.)
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Pereira ALC, de Luna Gomes JM, Campos MDFTP, de Medeiros AKB, Torres ACSP, Pellizzer EP, Carreiro ADFP. Device trueness in passivity and misfit of CAD-CAM frameworks: Conventional versus printed casts. J Prosthet Dent 2023:S0022-3913(23)00548-6. [PMID: 37748995 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Obtaining a passive and well-adapted framework is challenging when intraoral scanning edentulous arches with multiple implants. The trueness of the printed casts is unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the trueness of frameworks made from conventional and printed casts regarding clinical passivity and misfit. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ten participants with complete mandibular fixed implant-supported interim prostheses retained by 4 implants were included. Each participant had a conventional impression and a digital scan made. The digital scan was made using an innovative device. Both conventional and digital casts were made, and the virtual images were used for milling the digital framework in cobalt chromium alloy. All frameworks were evaluated for passivity and marginal vertical misfit with the single screw test, with 4 attempts consisting of the tightened screw position, a test with all screws tightened, and an interspersed tightening test. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to evaluate the trueness of the tested device for framework construction through the single screw test on vertical marginal misfit in the conventional and printed groups (α=.008). The Friedman test was used to assess the effect of test type (α=.05), and the Wilcoxon test was used to identify group-to-group differences (α=.017). RESULTS The absence of space between the framework and the abutments and interferences during its placement, as well as good stability, were observed clinically. In laboratory analysis, greater framework misfits were observed in the printed group compared with the conventional group when the single screw test was applied. Comparing the 3 tests used, the greatest misfits were observed when the framework was screwed onto the printed cast. CONCLUSIONS The innovative device tested for the intraoral scanning of multiple implants had clinically acceptable accuracy for the construction of passive and adapted frameworks. The conventional cast was more accurate than the printed cast, with lower misfit values, in all tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Larisse Carneiro Pereira
- Postgraduate student, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Marcela de Luna Gomes
- Postgraduate student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Vila Mendonça, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Eduardo Piza Pellizzer
- Professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Vila Mendonça, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Darwich K, Kanout S, Husein HA. A Comparative Study Between Hybrid Abutments and Standard Abutments in Implant-Supported Prosthesis: A Split-Mouth Clinical Trial. Cureus 2022; 14:e31993. [PMID: 36600816 PMCID: PMC9800053 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Implant-supported prostheses are widely used to replace extracted teeth. Therefore, studies on abutments' designs, shapes, and benefits had increased in recent years, as the design of the standard abutment still poses many problems in periodontal and cosmetic aspects. So, could the hybrid abutment solve some of these problems? Aim We aim to conduct a clinical comparison between standard and hybrid abutments in terms of the state of peri-implant gingival tissues and patients' aesthetic and functional satisfaction after the cementation of the final prostheses. Material and methods The study sample consisted of 10 patients, with 20 dental implants. Each patient received two implants as a standard abutment was placed over one implant and a hybrid abutment was placed over the other. Clinical assessment of the peri-implant gingival tissue and patients' aesthetic and functional satisfaction was performed (immediately, three months, six months, and one year) after the cementation of the final prostheses. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to detect statistically significant differences between groups. Results The percentage of the thick gingival biotype was 80%, and the percentage of the thin gingival biotype was 20% in each group during the follow-up periods. In addition, all papilla fill the whole interdental space in all samples of the two groups after six months and one year. Finally, there were no significant differences in patients' aesthetic satisfaction between groups during one year of follow-up (P = 0.631), and there were no significant differences in patients' functional satisfaction between groups during one year of follow-up (P = 0.684). Conclusion Within the limitations of the current work, there are no differences between standard and hybrid abutments in terms of affecting the peri-implant gingival tissue and patients' aesthetic and functional satisfaction.
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Kihara H, Hatakeyama W, Kondo H, Yamamori T, Baba K. Current complications and issues of implant superstructure. J Oral Sci 2022; 64:257-262. [PMID: 35989295 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.21-0534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to search for complications of dental implant superstructures and consider the issues involved. This narrative review was performed by searching through PubMed databases and review articles that were published after 1990. Misfitting of the superstructure can result in loosening of screws, reduced preload, and in some cases, significant stress around the implant. External connection modalities and single implant prostheses have been reported to have more loose or broken abutment screws. In addition, when zirconia abutment was used for platform shifting, the rate of fracture of the abutment was considered to be high. Additionally, it was reported that men were significantly at an increased risk of abutment fracture. As for the retention mechanism of implant overdenture, stud attachment (Locator type) should receive more attention to wear and damage of retention parts than other attachments. The causes of the complications of implant superstructures have not been clarified in some cases, and further verification is required. Verification of complications is considered important to obtain a long-term prognosis for superstructures of implants. It will be necessary to further verify complications of implants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidemichi Kihara
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, Iwate Medical University School of Dentistry
| | - Wataru Hatakeyama
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, Iwate Medical University School of Dentistry
| | - Hisatomo Kondo
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, Iwate Medical University School of Dentistry
| | - Tetsuo Yamamori
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Ohu University School of Dentistry
| | - Kazuyoshi Baba
- Department of Prosthodontics, Showa University School of Dentistry
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Sutradhar W, Mishra SK, Chowdhary R. Evaluation of customized cobalt-chromium abutments fabricated with different manufacturing process versus titanium stock abutments on the marginal misfit -An in vitro study. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2022; 22:225-232. [PMID: 36511051 PMCID: PMC9416951 DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_381_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Accurate fit of the abutment to the implant is required for the uniform load distribution throughout the assembly. The study aims to compare the marginal misfit of titanium stock abutments with the cobalt-chromium (CoCr) customized abutments fabricated with the different manufacturing processes in internal hex implant-abutment connection using an appropriate scanning technique. Setting and Design In vitro comparative study. Materials and Methods A total of 40 abutments were included in the study. Ten titanium stock abutments were used as control (Group CN) and 30 CoCr abutments were fabricated and taken as the test group. Stock abutments were scanned and from obtained images test group abutments were fabricated as follows: Ten cast abutments (Group CA), 10 sintered abutments (Group SA), and 10 milled abutments (Group MA). Endosseous implanst having internal hex connections were matched with 10 stock abutments and 30 customized CoCr abutments. Implants were mounted in a clear epoxy resin block and the abutments were then fitted onto the implants with a torque of 30Ncm. The marginal discrepancy at implant-abutment connections was measured with confocal laser scanning microscope. Statistical Analysis Used One-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test was done for statistical analysis. Results One-way ANOVA revealed a significant difference in marginal misfit of abutments. The mean marginal misfit was lowest for stock abutments (0.35 ± 0.009 μm). Among the customized abutments, the mean marginal misfit was highest for cast abutments (2.44 ± 0.445 μm) followed by sintered abutments (1.67 ± 0.232 μm) and least for milled abutments (0.65 ± 0.041 μm). A significant difference was found in marginal misfit with cast abutments and sintered abutments when compared to stock abutments (P < 0.001). The difference in marginal misfit was insignificant between stock abutments and milled abutments (P = 0.052). Conclusion Difference in marginal misfit exists between the titanium stock abutments and customized CoCr abutments. Among the customized abutments, milled CoCr abutments have the least marginal discrepancy and cast CoCr abutments have a maximum marginal discrepancy. Milled CoCr abutments can be used as an alternative to titanium stock abutments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Writuraj Sutradhar
- Department of Prosthodontics, Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Mishra
- Department of Prosthodontics, Rama Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ramesh Chowdhary
- Department of Prosthodontics, Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Ramesh Chowdhary, Department of Prosthodontics, Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru - 560 098, Karnataka, India. E-mail:
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Rizvi N, Alyahya Y, Rizvi A, Narvekar U, Petridis H, Pros C. Accuracy of Original vs. Non-original Abutments Using Various Connection Geometries for Single Unit Restorations: A Systematic Review. J Prosthodont 2021; 31:e21-e52. [PMID: 34866275 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To ascertain whether the compatibility of non-original abutments (NOAs) with dental implants is influenced by the type of implant connection i.e. internal or external, and whether certain combinations of componentry may be as compatible as the original components. METHODS A structured literature search was conducted using 3 electronic databases (MEDLINE®, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science Core Collection) for studies reporting on the use of non-original abutments published between 1995 and 2020. This was supplemented with hand searching in relevant journals and references, as well as searching grey literature. Relevant studies were selected according to specific inclusion criteria. Data was collected for the following parameters: precision of fit, microleakage, micromorphological differences, micromotion, rotational misfit, screw loosening, maximum load capacity, fracture resistance, tensile strength, compressive strength and in-vivo implant and prosthesis outcomes. RESULTS The electronic searching and hand search yielded titles and abstracts of 5617 studies following de-duplication; 40 studies were finally selected. Overall, original abutments showed better precision of fit, ability to resist microleakage, prevention of rotational misfit and micromotion, and fatigue strength compared with non-original abutments. Some non-original abutments on external connections were comparable with original abutments in terms of precision of fit and resistance to screw loosening and may be associated with less catastrophic failures than those on internal connections. CONCLUSION Original abutments present more predictable outcomes than non-original abutments with regards to the parameters investigated. However, it seems that external connections can provide some level of compatibility in terms of precision of fit and may also exhibit less catastrophic failures than NOAs on internal connections. This may be due to increased rotational freedom external connections provide. There is a lack of information regarding the influence of connection geometry on many aspects of compatibility and therefore the current clinical recommendation should be to use original abutments. More laboratory studies comparing non-original abutments on different implant connections are required. In addition, there is a need for long-term in vivo studies providing data on the clinical performance of non-original abutments. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naureen Rizvi
- Unit of Prosthodontics, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yasir Alyahya
- Unit of Prosthodontics, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Rizvi
- Unit of Prosthodontics, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Unnati Narvekar
- Unit of Prosthodontics, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Haralampos Petridis
- Unit of Prosthodontics, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cert Pros
- Unit of Prosthodontics, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
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Klongbunjit D, Aunmeungtong W, Khongkhunthian P. Implant-abutment screw removal torque values between customized titanium abutment, straight titanium abutment, and hybrid zirconia abutment after a million cyclic loading: an in vitro comparative study. Int J Implant Dent 2021; 7:98. [PMID: 34604929 PMCID: PMC8487932 DOI: 10.1186/s40729-021-00378-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare removal torque values after mechanical cyclic loading and bending moment after the static compression testing of customized titanium abutment compared with prefabricated and hybrid abutments. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was developed according to ISO 14801:2016. Sixty implants were divided into three groups equally: Straight titanium abutment group, Customized titanium abutment group, and Hybrid zirconia abutment group. Abutments were fabricated with zirconia restoration. Forty five implants underwent for cyclic loading. The removal torque values were measured after a fatigue test was conducted at 0 cycles (control), 50,000 cycles and 1,000,000 cycles. In the second experiment, 15 implants were divided into the same groups. Then, bending moments were investigated. RESULTS The mean initial removal torque value was significantly higher than 50,000 cycles and 1,000,000 cycles (P < 0.001). The comparison of mean removal torque value between types of abutments was not significantly different (P > 0.05), and the bending moments of all abutments were not significantly different (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS From the boundary of this in-vitro study, it could be concluded that customized titanium abutment and hybrid abutment were not significantly different in terms of removal torque values after the fatigue test. The bending moment between types of abutment were not significantly different. Thus, it could be concluded that abutment type does not significantly influence abutment stability or fracture strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disayut Klongbunjit
- Center of Excellence for Dental Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Suthep, A. Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Weerapan Aunmeungtong
- Center of Excellence for Dental Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Suthep, A. Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Pathawee Khongkhunthian
- Center of Excellence for Dental Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Suthep, A. Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
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Effect of ceramic layering on the fit of cobalt-chromium alloy 3-unit fixed dental prostheses fabricated by additive, soft milling, and casting technologies. J Prosthet Dent 2021; 126:130.e1-130.e7. [PMID: 34034899 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The change in fit after ceramic layering of additively manufactured cobalt-chromium alloy frameworks has not been evaluated extensively. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the fit of cobalt-chromium alloy fixed dental prostheses fabricated by different techniques before and after ceramic layering. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cobalt-chromium alloy master model was prepared to receive a 3-unit fixed dental prosthesis. Sixty cobalt-chromium alloy frameworks (N=60) were manufactured by using 3 manufacturing techniques (n=20): selective laser melting (Mediloy S-Co), soft milling (Ceramill Sintron), and conventional casting as the control group (Girobond NB). The replica technique was used to measure the marginal and internal discrepancies. The frameworks were then layered with ceramic, and the same fit measuring procedure was repeated. The results were compared before and after ceramic layering within each group. The data were analyzed using the Levene, ANOVA, and paired-samples t tests (α=.05). RESULTS A significant difference was found within groups before and after ceramic layering for selective laser melting (P=.006) and soft milling (P=.009) but not for conventional casting (P>.05). No statistical difference was reported in the marginal region for conventional casting group (P=.155) in contrast with the soft milling and selective laser melting groups (P=.003). Soft milling showed increased gap values in the marginal (P=.006) and occlusal regions (P=.004). CONCLUSIONS Ceramic layering increased the discrepancy of the laser-sintered and milled frameworks, increasing the marginal discrepancy.
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Discrepancy at the implant abutment-prosthesis interface of complete-arch cobalt-chromium implant frameworks fabricated by additive and subtractive technologies before and after ceramic veneering. J Prosthet Dent 2021; 125:795-803. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Barbosa Jr SA, Bacchi A, Barão VAR, Silva-Sousa YTC, Bruniera JF, Caldas RA, Consani RLX. Implant Volume Loss, Misfit, Screw Loosening, and Stress In Custom Titanium and Zirconia Abutments. Braz Dent J 2020; 31:374-379. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202003643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The aim of this study was to verify the effect of the implant volume loss, vertical misfit between abutment and prosthetic platform, prosthetic screw loosening torque, and screw stress distribution in titanium and zirconia abutments. Ten CAD/CAM system custom abutments of each material were milled and attached to the titanium implants. The implant volume loss was evaluated by microtomography, the vertical misfit with optical microscopy, and digital torque wrench measured the prosthetic screw loosening. All experimental analyses were performed before and after mechanical cycle (1,000,000 cycles, 100 N/2 Hz). Virtual models of the structures were created for finite element analysis, and the stress on the screw obtained with von Mises procedure. Data were analyzed using an independent t-test, two-way ANOVA for repeated measures, and Tukey’s HSD test (a=0.05). There was no significant difference in the implant volume loss for the two abutment materials (p=0.662). Titanium abutments provided higher loosening torque values after mechanical cycling (p<0.001). Lesser marginal misfit was obtained with titanium abutments before and after mechanical cycling (p<0.001). The stress distribution on the screw was similar between abutment materials. In conclusion, CAD/CAM custom titanium abutment reduced the marginal misfit and increased the torque maintenance of prosthetic screws when compared to CAD/CAM custom zirconia abutment.
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Protecting critical connection sites of a custom cast abutment with a protector cap during fabrication. J Prosthet Dent 2020; 124:144-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2019.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Queiroz DA, Hagee N, Lee DJ, Zheng F. The behavior of a zirconia or metal abutment on the implant-abutment interface during cyclic loading. J Prosthet Dent 2020; 124:211-216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2019.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Attiah EMN, AlGendy AA, Mostafa TMN. Effect of dynamic cyclic loading on screw loosening of retightened versus new abutment screw in both narrow and standard implants (in-vitro study). Int J Implant Dent 2020; 6:30. [PMID: 32720011 PMCID: PMC7385049 DOI: 10.1186/s40729-020-00229-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the effect of dynamic cyclic loading on screw loosening of retightened abutment screw versus new abutment screw in both narrow and standard implants. METHODS Separate acrylic resin blocks containing implant assembly (fixture, abutment, abutment screw, metal tube capping the abutment). Samples were divided into two main groups according to the diameter of implant: group 1 (GI 4.5-mm diameter) and group 2 (GII 3-mm diameter). Each group is subdivided into two subgroups according to the suggested option to manage screw loosening either by retightening (GIA, GIIA) or using new screws (GIB, GIIB). One hundred thousand cycles of eccentric dynamic cyclic loading (DCL) were applied before and after retightening or replacing the screw; then, removal torque loss (RTL) ratio was calculated, tabulated, and analyzed by t-student, ANOVA, pair wise Tukey's tests. RESULTS There were differences between GI and GII regarding the incidence of screw loosening process. Removal torque loss ratio was higher in GIB and GIIB where the old abutment screws were replaced by new screws for both standard implants (SIs) and narrow diameter implants (NDIs). There was significant effect of retightening and replacing the abutment screws after exposure to DCL. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this in-vitro study, it can be conclude that screw loosening process occurred in both SIs and NDIs but with higher values in NDIs. It is better to retighten the screw of NDIs and SIs than replacing it with a new screw.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Attiah Ali AlGendy
- Prosthodontic Department Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Elgeish St., Tanta, Egypt
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Influence of Implant Connection, Abutment Design and Screw Insertion Torque on Implant-Abutment Misfit. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082365. [PMID: 32722131 PMCID: PMC7463581 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: An accurate fit at the implant-abutment interface is an important factor to avoid biological and mechanical complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the marginal misfit at the implant-abutment interface on external and Morse taper connection, with straight and angulated abutments under different insertion torque loads. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 implants were used, 60 with external connection (EC) and 60 with Morse taper connection (IC). Straight (SA) (n = 60) and angulated abutments (AA) (n = 60) were randomly screwed to each connection at different torque levels (n = 10 each): 10, 20 and 30 Ncm. All specimens were subjected to thermal and cyclic loading and the misfit was measured by scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA, t-test and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: Significant differences (p < 0.001) were found between connections and abutments regardless of the torque applied. Morse taper connections with straight and angulated abutments showed the lowest misfit values (0.6 µm). Misfit values decreased as torque increased. Conclusions: The misfit was affected by the type of connection. The type of abutment did not influence the fit in the Morse taper connection. The higher the tightening torque applied the increase in the fit of the implant-abutment interface.
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Ramalho IS, Bergamo ETP, Witek L, Coelho PG, Lopes ACO, Bonfante EA. Implant-abutment fit influences the mechanical performance of single-crown prostheses. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 102:103506. [PMID: 31877515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the three-dimensional fit of abutments fabricated by the industry to those either milled or cast by a commercial laboratory and to correlate the implant-abutment connection fit with stress at fatigue failure of prostheses. Probability of survival (reliability) and fractography to characterize failure modes were also performed for cemented and screw-retained prostheses. METHODS One-hundred and twenty-six maxillary central incisor crowns were milled to restore implants and divided in 3 cemented and 3 screwed-retained groups (n = 21/each), as follows: [Digital-Sc]: milled one-piece monolithic abutment/crown; [TiB-Sc]: milled crowns cemented onto Ti-base abutments; [UCLA]: screw-retained crown using UCLA abutments; [Digital-Ce]: milled two-piece assembly comprised by screwed monolithic abutment and a cemented crown; [TiB-Ce]: milled coping cemented onto Ti-base abutments to receive a cemented crown; [UCLA-Ce]: UCLA abutments that received an overcast coping and a cemented crown. Implant-abutment volume misfit was assessed by micro-computed tomography using the silicone replica technique. Implant/crown systems were subjected to step-stress accelerated life testing (SSALT) in water. The use-level probability Weibull curves and reliability for a mission of 50,000 cycles at calculated stress at failure of 2,300, 3300 and 4300 MPa were plotted. Fractographic analysis was performed with scanning electron microscopy. Internal misfit was analyzed through one-way ANOVA following post-hoc comparisons by Tukey test (p < 0.05). Correlation between misfit volume and the stress at fatigue failure was assessed by Pearson test. RESULTS Similar misfit volumes were observed for TiB-Sc (0.458 mm3), TiB-Ce (0.461 mm3), UCLA (0.471 mm3) and UCLA-Ce (0.480 mm3), which were significantly lower than Digital-Sc (0.676 mm3) and Digital-Ce (0.633 mm3). The mean β values were: 1.68, 1.39, 1.48, 2.41, 2.27 and 0.71 for Digital-Sc, TiB-Sc, UCLA, Digital-Ce, TiB-Ce and UCLA-Ce, respectively, indicating that fatigue was an accelerating factor for failure of all groups. Higher stress at failure decreased the reliability of all groups, more significantly for screw compared to cement-retained groups, especially for Digital-Sc that demonstrated the lowest reliability. The failure mode was restricted to abutment screw fracture. A negative correlation was observed between misfit values and stress at failure (r = -0.302, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Abutments milled by a commercial lab presented higher misfit compared to those provided by the industry and a moderate correlation was observed between higher misfit and lower stress at failure during fatigue. Probability of survival decreased at higher stress, especially for screw compared to cement-retained groups, and failures were confined to abutment screws.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana S Ramalho
- University of Sao Paulo - Bauru School of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Edmara T P Bergamo
- University of Sao Paulo - Bauru School of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Lukasz Witek
- New York University, Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paulo G Coelho
- New York University, Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adolfo C O Lopes
- University of Sao Paulo - Bauru School of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Estevam A Bonfante
- University of Sao Paulo - Bauru School of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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Alves de Sousa C, Conforte JJ, Caiaffa KS, Duque C, Assunção WG. Sealing agent reduces formation of single and dual-species biofilms of Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis on screw joints at the abutment/implant interface. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223148. [PMID: 31639129 PMCID: PMC6804967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of a commercial sealing agent at the abutment/implant interface against microleakage of single and dual-species biofilms of Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis into external hexagon (EH) and Morse taper (MT) prosthetic connections. A total of 216 samples of implants and their abutments were tested. Six groups (n = 36) were evaluated based on biofilm and period of incubation (7 and 14 days). The implant connections EH and MT (n = 18) were divided according to the use of the material (n = 9) (EH-T and MT-T: with the sealing agent; EH-C and MT-C: control). The biofilms were analyzed by microbial counting (CFU/mL) and SEM analysis and photographs of the material in the screw joints were also taken. Data were analyzed by Student t test, two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni test. For the single-species biofilms, there was a significant reduction in the growth of E. faecalis when compared MT-C and MT-T or EH-C and EH-T at 7 and 14 days. The same was observed for C. albicans biofilms. For dual-species biofilms of E. faecalis and C. albicans, the sealing agent was more effective in preventing microbial infiltration into the MT connection at 14 days, while microbial infiltration did not occur into EH connections even in absence of the sealing agent for both periods of evaluation. Overall, these data suggest that the presence of the sealing agent reduces or eliminates the microleakage of E. faecalis and C. albicans biofilms into the implants regardless of the period of incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecília Alves de Sousa
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontic, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Jadison Junio Conforte
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontic, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina Sampaio Caiaffa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Duque
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wirley Gonçalves Assunção
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Lopes PA, Carreiro AFP, Nascimento RM, Vahey BR, Henriques B, Souza JCM. Physicochemical and microscopic characterization of implant-abutment joints. Eur J Dent 2019; 12:100-104. [PMID: 29657532 PMCID: PMC5883459 DOI: 10.4103/ejd.ejd_3_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate Morse taper implant–abutment joints by chemical, mechanical, and microscopic analysis. Materials and Methods: Surfaces of 10 Morse taper implants and the correlated abutments were inspected by field emission gun-scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) before connection. The implant–abutment connections were tightened at 32 Ncm. For microgap evaluation by FEG-SEM, the systems were embedded in epoxy resin and cross-sectioned at a perpendicular plane of the implant–abutment joint. Furthermore, nanoindentation tests and chemical analysis were performed at the implant–abutment joints. Statistics: Results were statistically analyzed via one-way analysis of variance, with a significance level of P < 0.05. Results: Defects were noticed on different areas of the abutment surfaces. The minimum and maximum size of microgaps ranged from 0.5 μm up to 5.6 μm. Furthermore, defects were detected throughout the implant–abutment joint that can, ultimately, affect the microgap size after connection. Nanoindentation tests revealed a higher hardness (4.2 ± 0.4 GPa) for abutment composed of Ti6Al4V alloy when compared to implant composed of commercially pure Grade 4 titanium (3.2 ± 0.4 GPa). Conclusions: Surface defects produced during the machining of both implants and abutments can increase the size of microgaps and promote a misfit of implant–abutment joints. In addition, the mismatch in mechanical properties between abutment and implant can promote the wear of surfaces, affecting the size of microgaps and consequently the performance of the joints during mastication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Lopes
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Adriana F P Carreiro
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Rubens M Nascimento
- Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Brendan R Vahey
- The Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bruno Henriques
- Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-MINHO), University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Júlio C M Souza
- Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-MINHO), University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
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Gehrke P, Dinkel J, Fischer C, Schmenger K, Sader R. Surface Roughness and Necessity of Manual Refinishing Requirements of CAD/CAM-Manufactured Titanium and Cobalt-Chrome Bars – A Pilot Study. Open Dent J 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210601913010316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Due to their increased precision, CAD/CAM generated bars (Computer-Aided Design/ Computer-Aided Manufacturing) are increasingly utilized in implant prosthodontics. For optimal clinical results, surface morphology should promote the integration of soft tissue while minimizing plaque and bacterial retention.
Objective:
Despite their clinical use, only limited information on the biological and clinical surface quality of CAD/CAM milled bars is available. The aim of the study was therefore to characterize the surface topography of bars of different manufacturers based on the profilometric analysis and the need for manual post-processing in the laboratory.
Methods:
A custom mandibular edentulous cast with four anterior implants was used as a reference cast and reproduced eight times. On each reproduction cast, corresponding scan flags were positioned and digitized. Acrylic 3D printed bar frameworks were produced and sent to the respective production center along with the digital files of the CAD bars for milling. In the course of profilometric analysis, all bars were examined in three critical Regions of Interest (ROI): Transmucosal, labial, basal. Sa and Ra values of each construction were determined. To evaluate the necessary refinishing time eight dental technicians macroscopically evaluated the bars by performing a subjective visual inspection. Kruskal-Wallis H-tests and Tukey and Kramer's post hoc tests were applied to detect differences between the samples.
Results:
After profilometric examination, three specimens (Dentsply Sirona: ZDC; Straumann: ZST; CAMLOG: ZCC) demonstrated surface roughness values in the biological acceptable range (Sa 0.2-0.4 μm) in the transmucosal region and provided optimal conditions for a reliable soft tissue adaptation. The Ra measurements revealed values beyond the acceptable threshold in the transmucosal region for three bars (Straumann: ZST; Dentsply Sirona: ZDC; Amann Girrbach: LAC). Four bars (LAC: Amann Girrbach; ZBC: BEGO; Datron: LDC & LDT; Zirkonzahn: ZZC) needed undesirable extensive manual rework. The evaluation of quality and time for manual post-processing by dental technicians confirmed the measurement-based ranking of the bars.
Conclusion:
It is desirable to define a clear roughness threshold for the clinical acceptance of transmucosal CAD/CAM generated surfaces. Clinical studies with profilometric data could help to further improve the surface quality of CAD/CAM milled bars and reduce the need for manual reworking time and effort.
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Compatibility of Nonoriginal Abutments With Implants: Evaluation of Microgap at the Implant-Abutment Interface, With Original and Nonoriginal Abutments. IMPLANT DENT 2019; 28:289-295. [PMID: 31124826 DOI: 10.1097/id.0000000000000885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fit of nonoriginal abutments to implants at the implant abutment junction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty titanium implants from a single manufacturer were randomly divided into 2 groups of ten each. Ten titanium premachined original abutments (group I) and ten titanium premachined nonoriginal abutments (from different manufacturer-group II) were connected to the implants with the recommended manufacturer torque level and then embedded into autopolymerizing clear acrylic resin blocks. After overnight curing, these blocks were vertically sectioned using water jet sectioning machine and evaluated under scanning electron microscope following the sequential cleaning procedures. The microgap at the implant-abutment interface for all the samples was measured using pixel counting software and subjected to statistical analysis using nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS The mean microgap at the implant-abutment interface at the external, middle, and internal points was 1.597, 1.399, and 1.831 µm, respectively, for group I and 2.395, 2.488, and 3.339 µm, respectively, for group II samples. Nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test showed statistically significant difference between 2 groups at the midpoint for the nonoriginal abutments compared with the original ones. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of the study, the mean microgap at the implant-abutment interface at the platform level at the external, middle, and internal points for both original abutments and nonoriginal abutments was found to be within clinically acceptable limits.
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21
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Shirazi MH, Memarian M, Alikhasi M, Zeighami S. Effect of Angle and Type of Customized Abutment (Castable & Cast-to) on Torque Loss and Fracture Resistance After Cyclic Loading. Open Dent J 2018. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210601811120987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Implant placement with more than 25° angle and use of customized abutments are still challenging in implant dentistry. Also, casting is still the most commonly used method for fabrication of customized abutments.
Objective:
This study evaluated the effect of angulation and type of abutment (castable and cast-to) on torque loss and fracture resistance after cyclic loading.
Methods:
Two implants were mounted with 0 and 30° angle on a gypsum model. Castable and Cast-to abutments were casted by cobalt-chromium alloy on each implant (10 samples in 4 groups). Rotational freedom was measured by a video-measuring microscope. The reverse torque values before and after cyclic loading (500,000 cycles) were measured by a digital torque-meter. Abutments were subjected to fracture resistance test in a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis, two-way ANOVA and repeated measures tests.
Results:
Difference between castable and cast-to abutments regarding rotational freedom was not significant. Torque loss in castable abutments was significantly greater than cast-to abutments before and after cyclic loading (P < 0.05). The effect of abutment angle on torque loss before and after cyclic loading was not significant.
Conclusion:
Irrespective of the abutment angle, torque loss was significantly higher in castable groups. Considering the high fracture resistance, abutment fractures were not clinically an issue.
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Lopes ACDO, Machado CM, Bonjardim LR, Bergamo ETP, Ramalho IS, Witek L, Coelho PG, Bonfante EA. The Effect of CAD/CAM Crown Material and Cement Type on Retention to Implant Abutments. J Prosthodont 2018; 28:e552-e556. [PMID: 29961986 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the pullout resistance of CAD/CAM implant-supported crowns cemented with provisional and definitive cements on Ti-base implant abutments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty crowns were milled for use in Ti-base implant abutments and divided (n = 15/group) according to material, as follows: (a) [Pr] Temporary acrylic resin; (b) [Co-Cr] Cobalt-Chromium alloy; (c) [Zr] polycrystalline zirconia; and (d) [Ti] titanium. The cementation was performed with RelyX Temp NE (RxT) cement or RelyX U200 self-etching resin cement, under a 50 N (5 kg) load for 10 minutes. Twenty-four hours after cementation, the crowns were subjected to the pullout test in a universal test machine, at a 1.0 mm/min crosshead speed. The tests were performed first without cement to evaluate frictional resistance (Baseline), then with provisional cement (RelyX Temp NE without cement again (Baseline After RxT), and finally with resin cement (U200). The results were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test (p < 0.05). RESULTS Data evaluation as a function of cement type demonstrated the superiority of resin-based cements relative to provisional and baseline groups (p < 0.01). While Co-Cr crowns presented the highest pullout strength values, Pr showed the lowest values (data collapsed over cement) (p < 0.001). Retentiveness data as a function of both factors demonstrated similar pullout resistance between groups without cement (p < 0.001), except Zr baseline. Also, Co-Cr presented higher pullout strength compared to other materials. CONCLUSIONS Self-adhesive resin cement exhibited superior retention compared to temporary cement, regardless of crown material. Co-Cr and titanium presented higher levels of retention to Ti-base abutment after being cemented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camila Moreira Machado
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, University of Sao Paulo - Bauru School of Dentistry, Bauru, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ilana Santos Ramalho
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, University of Sao Paulo - Bauru School of Dentistry, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Lukasz Witek
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Paulo Guilherme Coelho
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University, New York, NY.,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York, NY.,Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Estevam Augusto Bonfante
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, University of Sao Paulo - Bauru School of Dentistry, Bauru, Brazil
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Kioleoglou I, Pissiotis A, Konstantinos M. Accuracy of fit of implant-supported bars fabricated on definitive casts made by different dental stones. J Clin Exp Dent 2018; 10:e252-e263. [PMID: 29721227 PMCID: PMC5923891 DOI: 10.4317/jced.54603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of fitting of an implant supported screw-retained bar made on definitive casts produced by 4 different dental stone products. MATERIAL AND METHODS The dental stones tested were QuickRock (Protechno), FujiRock (GC), Jade Stone (Whip Mix) and Moldasynt (Heraeus). Three external hexagon implants were placed in a polyoxymethylene block. Definitive impressions were made using monophase high viscosity polyvinylsiloxane in combination with custom trays. Then, definitive models from the different types of dental stones were fabricated. Three castable cylinders with a machined non-enganging base were cast and connected with a very small quantity of PMMA to a cast bar, which was used to verify the marginal discrepancies between the abutments and the prosthetic platforms of the implants. For that purpose special software and a camera mounted on an optical microscope were used. The gap was measured by taking 10 measurements on each abutment, after the Sheffield test was applied. Twelve definitive casts were fabricated for each gypsum product and 40 measurements were performed for each cast. Mean, minimum, and maximum values were calculated. The Shapiro-Wilk test of normality was performed. Mann-Whitney test (P<.06) was used for the statistical analysis of the measurements. RESULTS The non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test revealed a statistically significant effect of the stone factor on the marginal discrepancy for all Sheffield test combinations: 1. Abutment 2 when screw was fastened on abutment 1 (χ2=3, df=35.33, P<0.01), 2. Abutment 3 when the screw was fastened on abutment 1 (χ2=3, df=37.74, P<0.01), 3. Abutment 1 when the screw was fastened on abutment 3 (χ2=3, df=39.79, P<0.01), 4. Abutment 2 when the screw was fastened on abutment 3 (χ2=3, df=37.26, P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS A significant correlation exists between marginal discrepancy and different dental gypsum products used for the fabrication of definitive casts for implant supported bars. The smallest marginal discrepancy was noted on implant supported bars fabricated on definitive casts made by Type III mounting stone. The biggest marginal discrepancy was noted on implant supported bars fabricated on definitive casts made by Type V dental stone. The marginal discrepancies presented on implant supported bars fabricated on definitive casts made by two types of Type IV dental stone were not significantly different. Key words:Dental implant, passive fit, dental stones, marginal discrepancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Kioleoglou
- DDS, MS, Former postgraduate resident, Dept. of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece. ITI Scholar and Honorary Clinical Research Fellow, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Adult Oral Health, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Argirios Pissiotis
- DDS, MS, PhD, Professor and Chair, Division of Removable Prosthodontics, Dept. of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michalakis Konstantinos
- DDS, MSc, PhD, FACP, Associate Professor and Clinical Director of Postgraduate Prosthodontics, Dept. of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece. Adjunct Associate Professor, Division of Postgraduate Prosthodontics, Dept. of Prosthodontics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Siadat H, Belbasi S, Alikhasi M, Nazari V, Beyabanaki E. Effect of Implant Connection Type and Depth on the Seating Accuracy of Hand-Tightened Abutments. J Prosthodont 2017; 28:e661-e665. [PMID: 29239053 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Improper seating of abutment on the implant is a common problem. This study investigated the effect of the type of implant/abutment interface on the complete seating of the abutments on the head of implants placed at different gingival depths. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three implant systems with three different connections including straight external hexagon, butt-joint internal tri-lobed, and conical internal hexagon were used. Two gingival thicknesses (2 and 7 mm) were created using pink baseplate wax around the straight abutments seated on the implants. After placing the implants in acrylic blocks, the wax was replaced with the gingival mask material to simulate the gingival drape around the implant heads. Afterwards, 15 prosthodontists were asked to hand-tighten the straight abutments in the corresponding implant bodies relying only on their tactile sense. At the final stage, the gingival mask was removed, and the seating quality of the abutments on implant bodies was assessed visually. The effect of implant connection and depth on abutment seating accuracy was analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and multiple-comparison tests. RESULTS No significant difference was found regarding the effect of either depth or connection design on the accuracy of the abutment seating (p > 0.05); however, pairwise comparison of the combined effect of the depth and connection design was significant (p = 0.009). Accuracy of abutment seating on the Nobel Active implants at both 2 and 7 mm depths were significantly better than Replace system with 7 mm depth (p = 0.027). The same results were obtained in comparison between Nobel Active system at both 2 and 7 mm depths with Branemark system with 7 mm depth (p = 0.006). CONCLUSION An increase in implant placement depth meant a decrease in accuracy of the abutment seating. The internal conical connection design showed the best result in abutment positioning in deep implants as compared with external and internal butt-joint connection designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakimeh Siadat
- Dental Implant Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simin Belbasi
- Dental Implant Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Alikhasi
- Dental Implant Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Nazari
- Dental Implant Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Beyabanaki
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Al-Wahadni A, Barakat MS, Abu Afifeh K, Khader Y. Dentists' Most Common Practices when Selecting an Implant System. J Prosthodont 2017; 27:250-259. [PMID: 29067778 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To report a comprehensive description of dental implant system selection practices among dentists practicing implantology worldwide. MATERIALS AND METHODS An online questionnaire was designed and sent to members of 15 dental implant organizations. The survey questions addressed: dental implant system selection criteria, implant design variables, dentists' perspective to implant quality stamps, and dentists' satisfaction with their implant system(s). Responses were compiled and analyzed to determine correlation of responses using the chi-squared test (level of significance α ≤ 0.05). RESULTS Out of 4264 invitations sent, a total of 2001 (response rate = 46.9%) dentists participated in the survey. Approximately half of survey respondents (48.7%) were general dentists. More than two-thirds of the survey respondents (72.5%) were performing both the surgical and prosthetic implant phases. Implant-abutment connections were the most important dental implant system selection criterion (84.7%), followed by scientific evidence available on the implant system (82.8%), and simplicity of prosthetic steps (81.4%). Patient preferences (19.8%) were rated as the least important aspect. Sandblasted large gritted acid etched implant surfaces (SLA) were the most commonly used implant surfaces (75.8%); fluoride coated surfaces were the least commonly used (15.4%). CONCLUSION According to the results of this survey, most survey respondents practiced both surgical and prosthetic phases of dental implantology. The majority of survey respondents agreed on the importance of implant-abutment connections, scientific evidence available on implant systems, and simplicity of prosthetic steps when selecting implant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahed Al-Wahadni
- School of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | | | - Yusuf Khader
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Presotto AGC, Oliveira LV, Pisani MX, Barão VAR, Mesquita MF. Influence of spark erosion on the fit of screw-retained Co-Cr fixed complete denture frameworks veneered with different materials. J Prosthet Dent 2017; 119:797-803. [PMID: 28969917 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Spark erosion is a fit corrective technology that can be used even after the veneering material has been applied. The framework does not require sectioning, thus preserving its mechanical resistance. However, the spark erosion effect on veneered Co-Cr fixed complete denture (FCD) frameworks has not been investigated. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate whether spark erosion is effective in improving marginal fit on screw-retained Co-Cr FCD frameworks veneered with different materials. A comparison between ceramic applications and simulated ceramic firing cycles was also investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty FCD frameworks were fabricated with a Co-Cr alloy. Four groups (n=10) were obtained according to the veneer material used on frameworks: HR (heat-polymerized resin); LR (light-polymerized resin); C (ceramic); and SC (simulated ceramic firing cycle). The spark erosion process was conducted for all groups. The marginal fit was analyzed according to the single-screw test protocol, and the measurements were performed at 3 evaluation times: initial, after veneer material application, and after spark erosion process. The results were submitted to a 2-way repeated measures ANOVA and the Tukey honest significant differences test (α=.05). RESULTS Poorer marginal fit (in micrometers) was noted after veneer material application, where the HR and C groups presented the worst values (HR: 170; LR: 72; C: 165; SC: 86; P<.05). The spark erosion process was effective in improving the fit for all groups (HR: 109; LR: 52; C: 110; SC: 60; P<.05). CONCLUSIONS Spark erosion improved the fit of Co-Cr FCD frameworks veneered with different materials. An actual ceramic application should be used to assess distortions generated by veneer material application instead of using only simulated ceramic firing cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gabriella Camacho Presotto
- Graduate student, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Valadares Oliveira
- Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marina Xavier Pisani
- Assistant Researcher, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valentim Adelino Ricardo Barão
- Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Ferraz Mesquita
- Full Professor, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Bhering CLB, Marques IDSV, Takahashi JMFK, Barão VAR, Consani RLX, Mesquita MF. The effect of casting and masticatory simulation on strain and misfit of implant-supported metal frameworks. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 62:746-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Corominas-Delgado C, Espona J, Lorente-Gascón M, Real-Voltas F, Roig M, Costa-Palau S. Digital implant impressions by cone-beam computerized tomography: a pilot study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2015; 27:1407-1413. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Corominas-Delgado
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Universitat Internacional de Catalunya; Barcelona Spain
| | - José Espona
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dentistry; Universitat Internacional de Catalunya; Barcelona Spain
| | - Marian Lorente-Gascón
- Department of Anatomy; School of Medicine; Universitat Internacional de Catalunya; Barcelona Spain
| | - Francisco Real-Voltas
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Universitat Internacional de Catalunya; Barcelona Spain
| | - Miguel Roig
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Universitat Internacional de Catalunya; Barcelona Spain
| | - Santiago Costa-Palau
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Universitat Internacional de Catalunya; Barcelona Spain
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Nassar HI, Abdalla MF. Bacterial leakage of different internal implant/abutment connection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fdj.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bhering CLB, Marques IDSV, Takahashi JMFK, Barão VAR, Consani RLX, Mesquita MF. Fit and Stability of Screw-Retained Implant-Supported Frameworks Under Masticatory Simulation: Influence of Cylinder Type. J Prosthodont 2015; 25:459-65. [DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcelo Ferraz Mesquita
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology; Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas; Piracicaba Brazil
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Kim SG, Chung CH, Son MK. Effect of cement washout on loosening of abutment screws and vice versa in screw- and cement- retained implant-supported dental prosthesis. J Adv Prosthodont 2015; 7:207-13. [PMID: 26140172 PMCID: PMC4486616 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2015.7.3.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the abutment screw stability of screw- and cement-retained implant-supported dental prosthesis (SCP) after simulated cement washout as well as the stability of SCP cements after complete loosening of abutment screws. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six titanium CAD/CAM-made implant prostheses were fabricated on two implants placed in the resin models. Each prosthesis is a two-unit SCP: one screw-retained and the other cemented. After evaluating the passive fit of each prosthesis, all implant prostheses were randomly divided into 3 groups: screwed and cemented SCP (Control), screwed and noncemented SCP (Group 1), unscrewed and cemented SCP (Group 2). Each prosthesis in Control and Group 1 was screwed and/or cemented, and the preloading reverse torque value (RTV) was evaluated. SCP in Group 2 was screwed and cemented, and then unscrewed (RTV=0) after the cement was set. After cyclic loading was applied, the postloading RTV was measured. RTV loss and decementation ratios were calculated for statistical analysis. RESULTS There was no significant difference in RTV loss ratio between Control and Group 1 (P=.16). No decemented prosthesis was found among Control and Group 2. CONCLUSION Within the limits of this in vitro study, the stabilities of SCP abutment screws and cement were not significantly changed after simulated cement washout or screw loosening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Gyu Kim
- Department of Prosthodontics, Samsung Medical Center, College of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Heon Chung
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Kyoung Son
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Miron RJ. Health, Maintenance, and Recovery of Soft Tissues around Implants. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2015; 18:618-34. [PMID: 25873299 DOI: 10.1111/cid.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health of peri-implant soft tissues is one of the most important aspects of osseointegration necessary for the long-term survival of dental implants. PURPOSE To review the process of soft tissue healing around osseointegrated implants and discuss the maintenance requirements as well as the possible short-comings of peri-implant soft tissue integration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature search on the process involved in osseointegration, soft tissue healing and currently available treatment modalities was performed and a brief description of each process was provided. RESULTS The peri-implant interface has been shown to be less effective than natural teeth in resisting bacterial invasion because gingival fiber alignment and reduced vascular supply make it more vulnerable to subsequent peri-implant disease and future bone loss around implants. And we summarized common procedures which have been shown to be effective in preventing peri-implantitis disease progression as well as clinical techniques utilized to regenerate soft tissues with bone loss in advanced cases of peri-implantitis. CONCLUSION Due to the difference between peri-implant interface and natural teeth, clinicians and patients should pay more attention in the maintenance and recovery of soft tissues around implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Richard J Miron
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Accuracy of interchangeable implant impression systems: an in vitro pilot study. IMPLANT DENT 2015; 24:317-22. [PMID: 25783050 DOI: 10.1097/id.0000000000000231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the accuracy of impressions on changing the implant component (coping and abutment replica) between Brånemark and BIOMET 3i and between Straumann and Allfit. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two master casts were constructed, one containing pair of Brånemark self-tap Mk II fixtures (Nobel Biocare) labeled Master cast I and the other containing pair of Straumann Standard plus implant, SLA fixtures (Straumann) labeled Master cast II. Ten impressions of each master cast were made by open tray technique using polyether impression material. Five out of 10 impressions made from master cast I contained Brånemark pair of coping and replica and the other 5 contained 3i (Implant Innovations). Five out of 10 impressions made from master cast II contained Straumann pair of copings and replica and the remaining 5 contained Allfit implants (Ihde Dental). Duplicated casts were prepared, and distances between copings were measured using traveling microscope and compared the distance in master casts. RESULT No significant difference was observed in mean value between 2 master casts and their duplicates. CONCLUSION The interchangeability of coping and abutment replica between Brånemark and BIOMET 3i and between Straumann and Allfit was found to be possible without compromising the quality of impressions.
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Correlation Between Vertical Misfits and Stresses Over Implants From Castable Frameworks Made of Different Alloys. J Craniofac Surg 2014; 25:2062-5. [DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000001194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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de França DGB, Morais MHST, das Neves FD, Barbosa GAS. Influence of CAD/CAM on the fit accuracy of implant-supported zirconia and cobalt-chromium fixed dental prostheses. J Prosthet Dent 2014; 113:22-8. [PMID: 25277028 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Relatively little information is available on the accuracy of the abutment-implant interface in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM)-fabricated zirconia and cobalt-chromium frameworks. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare the fit accuracy of CAD/CAM-fabricated zirconia and cobalt-chromium frameworks and conventionally fabricated cobalt-chromium frameworks. MATERIAL AND METHODS Four groups of 3-unit, implant-supported, screw-retained frameworks were fabricated to fit an in vitro model with 3 implants. Eight frameworks were fabricated with the CAD/CAM system: 4 in zirconia and 4 in cobalt-chromium. Another 8 were cast in cobalt-chromium with conventional casting, including 4 with premachined abutments and 4 with castable abutments. The vertical misfit at the implant-framework interface was measured with scanning electron microscopy when only 1 screw was tightened and when all screws were tightened. Data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (α=.05). RESULTS The mean vertical misfit values when all screws were tightened was 5.9 ±3.6 μm for CAD/CAM-fabricated zirconia, 1.2 ±2.2 μm for CAD/CAM-fabricated cobalt-chromium frameworks, 11.8 ±9.8 μm for conventionally fabricated cobalt-chromium frameworks with premachined abutments, and 12.9 ±11.0 μm for the conventionally fabricated frameworks with castable abutments; the Mann-Whitney test found significant differences (P<.05) among all frameworks, except between the conventionally fabricated frameworks (P=.619). No significant differences were found among the groups for passive fit gap measurements (P>.05). CONCLUSIONS When all of the screws were tightened, the CAD/CAM frameworks exhibited better fit accuracy compared with the conventionally fabricated frameworks. High levels of passive fit were achieved for the evaluated techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Gonzaga B de França
- Assistant Professor, Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
| | - Maria Helena S T Morais
- Graduate student, Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Flávio D das Neves
- Associate Professor, Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Occlusion and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gustavo A S Barbosa
- Associate Professor, Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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Berberi A, Tehini G, Rifai K, Bou Nasser Eddine F, Badran B, Akl H. Leakage evaluation of original and compatible implant-abutment connections: In vitro study using Rhodamine B. JOURNAL OF DENTAL BIOMECHANICS 2014; 5:1758736014547143. [PMID: 25342984 PMCID: PMC4206669 DOI: 10.1177/1758736014547143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Leakage has been addressed as a major contributing factor to inflammatory reactions at the implant–abutment connection, leading to problems such as oral malodor, inflammation, and marginal bone loss. The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro the leakage at implant–abutment interface of OsseoSpeed™ implants connected to original and compatible abutments. A total of 28 OsseoSpeed implants were divided into four groups (n = 7). Each group was connected to four different abutments according to manufacturers’ recommendations: group A (TiDesign™); group B (Natea™); group C (Dual™); and group D (Implanet™) abutments. The inner volume of each implant–abutment combination was calculated and leakage was detected for each group with spectrophotometric analysis at 1 h (D0) and 48 h (D1) of incubation time using Rhodamine B. At 1 h, leakage volume was significantly lower in TiDesign and Dual than in Natea and Implanet (P < 0.001). At 48 h, however, leakage was significantly lower between TiDesign and all other systems (P < 0.005). Compatible abutments do not fit internal connection of OsseoSpeed implants perfectly, which increases the leakage of the final assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George Tehini
- School of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Khaldoun Rifai
- School of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Bassam Badran
- Ecole Doctorale, PRASE, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Haidar Akl
- Ecole Doctorale, PRASE, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Lalithamma JJ, Mallan SA, Murukan PA, Zarina R. A comparative study on microgap of premade abutments and abutments cast in base metal alloys. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2014; 40:239-49. [PMID: 24914909 DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-11-00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The study compared the marginal accuracy of premade and cast abutments. Premade titanium, stainless steel, and gold abutments formed the control groups. Plastic abutments were cast in nickel-chromium, cobalt-chromium and grade IV titanium. The abutment/implant interface was analyzed. Analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple range test revealed no significant difference in mean marginal microgap between premade gold and titanium abutments and between premade stainless steel and cast titanium abutments. Statistically significant differences (P < .001) were found among all other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaini Jaini Lalithamma
- 1 Department of Prosthodontics, Educare Institute of Dental Sciences, Malappuram, Kerala, India
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Screw joint stability after the application of retorque in implant-supported dentures under simulated masticatory conditions. J Prosthet Dent 2014; 111:499-504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2013.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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In vitro evaluation of leakage at implant-abutment connection of three implant systems having the same prosthetic interface using rhodamine B. Int J Dent 2014; 2014:351263. [PMID: 24899896 PMCID: PMC4037604 DOI: 10.1155/2014/351263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives. Hollow space between implant and abutment may act as reservoir for commensal and/or pathogenic bacteria representing a potential source of tissue inflammation. Microbial colonization of the interfacial gap may ultimately lead to infection and bone resorption. Using Rhodamine B, a sensitive fluorescent tracer dye, we aim in this study to investigate leakage at implant-abutment connection of three implant systems having the same prosthetic interface. Materials and Methods. Twenty-one implants (seven Astra Tech, seven Euroteknika, and seven Dentium) with the same prosthetic interface were connected to their original abutments, according to the manufacturers' recommendation. After determination of the inner volume of each implant systems, the kinetic quantification of leakage was evaluated for each group using Rhodamine B (10−2 M). For each group, spectrophotometric analysis was performed to detect leakage with a fluorescence spectrophotometer at 1 h (T0) and 48 h (T1) of incubation time at room temperature. Results. Astra Tech had the highest inner volume (6.8 μL), compared to Dentium (4 μL) and Euroteknika (2.9 μL). At T0 and T1, respectively, the leakage volume and percentage of each system were as follows: Astra Tech 0.043 μL or 1.48% (SD 0.0022), 0.08 μL or 5.56% (SD 0.0074), Euroteknika 0.09 μL or 6.93% (SD 0.0913), 0.21 μL or 20.55% (SD 0.0035), and Dentium 0.07 μL or 4.6% (SD 0.0029), 0.12 μL or 10.47% (SD 0.0072). Conclusion. The tested internal conical implant-abutment connections appear to be unable to prevent leakage. In average, Astra Tech implants showed the highest inner volume and the least leakage.
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Evaluation of Castable and Premachined Metal Base Abutment/Implant Interfaces Before and After Cyclical Load. IMPLANT DENT 2014; 23:212-7. [PMID: 24637531 DOI: 10.1097/id.0000000000000058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Park JM, Lee JB, Heo SJ, Park EJ. A comparative study of gold UCLA-type and CAD/CAM titanium implant abutments. J Adv Prosthodont 2014; 6:46-52. [PMID: 24605206 PMCID: PMC3942527 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2014.6.1.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the interface accuracy of computer-assisted designed and manufactured (CAD/CAM) titanium abutments and implant fixture compared to gold-cast UCLA abutments. MATERIALS AND METHODS An external connection implant system (Mark III, n=10) and an internal connection implant system (Replace Select, n=10) were used, 5 of each group were connected to milled titanium abutment and the rest were connected to the gold-cast UCLA abutments. The implant fixture and abutment were tightened to torque of 35 Ncm using a digital torque gauge, and initial detorque values were measured 10 minutes after tightening. To mimic the mastication, a cyclic loading was applied at 14 Hz for one million cycles, with the stress amplitude range being within 0 N to 100 N. After the cyclic loading, detorque values were measured again. The fixture-abutment gaps were measured under a microscope and recorded with an accuracy of ±0.1 µm at 50 points. RESULTS Initial detorque values of milled abutment were significantly higher than those of cast abutment (P<.05). Detorque values after one million dynamic cyclic loadings were not significantly different (P>.05). After cyclic loading, detorque values of cast abutment increased, but those of milled abutment decreased (P<.05). There was no significant difference of gap dimension between the milled abutment group and the cast abutment group after cyclic loading. CONCLUSION In conclusion, CAD/CAM milled titanium abutment can be fabricated with sufficient accuracy to permit screw joint stability between abutment and fixture comparable to that of the traditional gold cast UCLA abutment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Man Park
- Department of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jai-Bong Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Joo Heo
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Park
- Department of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Fernández M, Delgado L, Molmeneu M, García D, Rodríguez D. Analysis of the misfit of dental implant-supported prostheses made with three manufacturing processes. J Prosthet Dent 2014; 111:116-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zaghloul HH, Younis JF. Marginal Fit of Implant-Supported All-Ceramic Zirconia Frameworks. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2013; 39:417-24. [DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-11-00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of fabrication techniques and cyclic loading on the vertical marginal fit of implant-supported fixed partial denture (FPD) frameworks. Thirty implant-supported 3-unit FPD frameworks were fabricated on a model system, divided into 3 equal groups (n = 10). The first group (control) was constructed from base metal alloy; the other 2 test groups were constructed from all-ceramic zirconia using a computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) Cerec 3 system and a copy milling (Zirkonzahn) system. A cyclic load of 200 N was applied to each framework for up to 50,000 cycles. Linear measurements were made in micrometers of the vertical gap between the framework and the implant-supported abutment at 16 predetermined points before and after cyclic loading. The frameworks were viewed using scanning electron microscopy to inspect any fractographic features. One-way analysis of variance was performed to compare the marginal discrepancy values of the control and the 2 test groups and for each group; a t test was applied to determine whether significant changes in the fit were observed after cyclic loading (α = 0.05). The CAD/CAM group showed significantly higher marginal gap mean values (80.58 μm) than the Zirkonzahn and control groups (50.33 μm and 42.27 μm, respectively) with no significant difference. After cyclic loading, the CAD/CAM group recorded the highest marginal gap mean value (91.50 ± 4.260 μm) followed by control group (72.00 ± 2.795 μm); the Zirkonzahn group recorded the lowest marginal gap (65.37 ± 6.138 μm). Cyclic loading significantly increased the marginal gap mean values in the control group only. A marginal chip was observed in one of the CAD/CAM ceramic frameworks. Within the limitations of this study, the fabrication technique influenced the marginal fit of the implant-supported 3-unit FPD frameworks. Cyclic loading failed to change the fit of all-ceramic zirconia frameworks, whereas significant changes were found in the metal frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa Hassan Zaghloul
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jihan Farouk Younis
- Crown and Bridge Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain-Shams University, Heliopolis, Egypt
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Alvarez A, Lafita P, de Llanos H, Gago A, Brizuela A, Ellacuria JJ. A Comparison of Two Soldering Techniques on the Misfit of Bar-Retained Implant-Supported Overdentures. J Prosthodont 2013; 23:163-70. [DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Angel Alvarez
- Department of Prosthodontics and Occlusion, School of Dentistry; University of Oviedo; Oviedo Spain
| | - Pedro Lafita
- Department of Prosthodontics and Occlusion, School of Dentistry; University of Oviedo; Oviedo Spain
| | - Hector de Llanos
- Department of Prosthodontics and Occlusion, School of Dentistry; University of Oviedo; Oviedo Spain
| | - Angel Gago
- Department of Prosthodontics and Occlusion, School of Dentistry; University of Oviedo; Oviedo Spain
| | - Aritza Brizuela
- Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine and Dentistry; University of Basque Country; Leioa Spain
| | - Joseba J. Ellacuria
- Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine and Dentistry; University of Basque Country; Leioa Spain
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Barbi FCL, Camarini ET, Silva RS, Endo EH, Pereira JR. Comparative analysis of different joining techniques to improve the passive fit of cobalt-chromium superstructures. J Prosthet Dent 2013; 108:377-85. [PMID: 23217470 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3913(12)60196-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The influence of different joining techniques on passive fit at the interface structure/abutment of cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) superstructures has not yet been clearly established. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare 3 different techniques of joining Co-Cr superstructures by measuring the resulting marginal misfit in a simulated prosthetic assembly. MATERIAL AND METHODS A specially designed metal model was used for casting, sectioning, joining, and measuring marginal misfit. Forty-five cast bar-type superstructures were fabricated in a Co-Cr alloy and randomly assigned by drawing lots to 3 groups (n=15) according to the joining method used: conventional gas-torch brazing (G-TB), laser welding (LW), and tungsten inert gas welding (TIG). Joined specimens were assembled onto abutment analogs in the metal model with the 1-screw method. The resulting marginal misfit was measured with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at 3 different points: distal (D), central (C), and mesial (M) along the buccal aspect of both abutments: A (tightened) and B (without screw). The Levene test was used to evaluate variance homogeneity and then the Welsch ANOVA for heteroscedastic data (α=.05). RESULTS Significant differences were found on abutment A between groups G-TB and LW (P=.013) measured mesially and between groups G-TB and TIG (P=.037) measured centrally. On abutment B, significant differences were found between groups G-TB and LW (P<.001) and groups LW and TIG (P<.001) measured mesially; groups G-TB and TIG (P=.007) measured distally; and groups G-TB and TIG (P=.001) and LW and TIG (P=.007) measured centrally. CONCLUSIONS The method used for joining Co-Cr prosthetic structures had an influence on the level of resulting passive fit. Structures joined by the tungsten inert gas method produced better mean results than did the brazing or laser method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco C L Barbi
- Maringá, Paraná, Brazil, School of Dentistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
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Bhering CLB, Takahashi JMFK, Luthi LF, Henriques GEP, Consani RLX, Mesquita MF. Influence of the casting technique and dynamic loading on screw detorque and misfit of single unit implant-supported prostheses. Acta Odontol Scand 2013; 71:404-9. [PMID: 22607236 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2012.690528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the casting procedure and cyclic loading of prosthetic frameworks on detorque of prosthetic screws and marginal misfit of single unit implant-supported prostheses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty specimens were obtained, each one consisting of a set of an implant (external hexagon 3.75 × 13 mm - Branemark type), a prosthetic abutment (entirely calcinable or overcasted UCLA) and a prosthetic screw. After the specimens were obtained, the prosthetic screws were tightened with 30 Ncm torque and released 24 h later in order to evaluate initial detorque. The screws were retightened and marginal gaps were assessed. All specimens were submitted to 10(6) loading cycles, performed with 2 Hz frequency and 130 N load. The specimens were re-evaluated for marginal misfit and detorque after the mechanical loading (final marginal misfit/final detorque). The results were submitted to analysis of variance for repeated measurements, followed by Tukey HSD test (α = 0.05). RESULTS No statistically significant differences were found on detorque values of the prosthetics screws for all groups and intervals evaluated (p = 0.8922). The entirely calcinable abutments showed higher initial marginal misfit compared to the overcasted ones (p = 0.0438). There was no statistically significant difference on marginal misfit before and after mechanical loading for both groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that the overcasted abutments showed lower misfit values when compared to the entirely casted abutments. No difference was observed on detorque values of prosthetic screws. After mechanical loading there was no difference on marginal misfit and detorque between the groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Lopes Brilhante Bhering
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, Campinas State University, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Rationale for the use of CAD/CAM technology in implant prosthodontics. Int J Dent 2013; 2013:768121. [PMID: 23690778 PMCID: PMC3652193 DOI: 10.1155/2013/768121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the predictable longevity of implant prosthesis, there is an ongoing interest to continue to improve implant prosthodontic treatment and outcomes. One of the developments is the application of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) to produce implant abutments and frameworks from metal or ceramic materials. The aim of this narrative review is to critically evaluate the rationale of CAD/CAM utilization for implant prosthodontics. To date, CAD/CAM allows simplified production of precise and durable implant components. The precision of fit has been proven in several laboratory experiments and has been attributed to the design of implants. Milling also facilitates component fabrication from durable and aesthetic materials. With further development, it is expected that the CAD/CAM protocol will be further simplified. Although compelling clinical evidence supporting the superiority of CAD/CAM implant restorations is still lacking, it is envisioned that CAD/CAM may become the main stream for implant component fabrication.
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Silva-Neto JPD, Prudente MS, Carneiro TDAPN, Nóbilo MADA, Penatti MPA, Neves FDD. Micro-leakage at the implant-abutment interface with different tightening torques in vitro. J Appl Oral Sci 2013; 20:581-7. [PMID: 23138747 PMCID: PMC3881787 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572012000500015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study evaluated the microleakage at the implant/abutment interface of
external hexagon (EH) implants and abutments with different amounts of bacteria
and tightening torques. Material and Methods A bacterial suspension was prepared to inoculate the implants. The first phase of
this study used nine EH implants and abutments that were divided into three groups
with different amounts of bacterial suspension (n=3): V0.5: 0.5 µL; V1.0: 1.0 µL e
V1.5: 1.5 µL, and tightened to the manufacturer's recommended torque. The second
phase of this experiment used 27 assemblies that were similar to those used in the
first phase. These samples were inoculated with 0.5 µL of bacterial suspension and
divided into three groups (n=9). T10: 10 Ncm; T20: 20 Ncm and T32: 32 Ncm. The
samples were evaluated according to the turbidity of the broth every 24 hours for
14 days, and the bacteria viability was tested after that period. The statistical
evaluation was conducted by Kruskal-Wallis testing (p<.05). Results During the first phase, groups V1.0 and V1.5 was presented with bacterial
contamination in all samples after 24 h. During the second phase, two samples from
group T10 and one from T20 presented positive results for bacterial contamination.
Different amounts of bacterial solution led to overflow and contamination during
the first 24 h of the experiment. The tightening torques did not statistically
affect the microleakage in the assemblies. However, the group that was tightened
to 32 Ncm torque did not show any bacterial contamination. Conclusion After 14 days of experimentation, the bacteria were proven to remain viable inside
the implant internal cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo da Silva-Neto
- Department of Fixed Prostheses, Occlusion and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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Neves FDD, Elias GA, da Silva-Neto JP, de Medeiros Dantas LC, da Mota AS, Neto AJF. Comparison of Implant-Abutment Interface Misfits After Casting and Soldering Procedures. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2013; 40:129-35. [DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-11-00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare vertical and horizontal adjustments of castable abutments after conducting casting and soldering procedures. Twelve external hexagonal implants (3.75 × 10 mm) and their UCLA abutments were divided according their manufacturer and abutment type: PUN (plastic UCLA, Neodent), PUC (plastic UCLA, Conexão), PU3i (plastic UCLA, Biomet 3i), and PUTN (plastic UCLA with Tilite milled base, Neodent). Three infrastructures of a fixed partial implant–supported bridge with 3 elements were produced for each group. The measurements of vertical (VM) and horizontal (HM) misfits were obtained via scanning electron microscopy after completion of casting and soldering. The corresponding values were determined to be biomechanically acceptable to the system, and the results were rated as a percentage. Statistical analysis establishes differences between groups by chi-square after procedures, and McNeman's test was applied to analyze the influence of soldering over casting (α ≤ .05). For the values of VM and HM, respectively, when the casting process was complete, it was observed that 83.25% and 100% (PUTN), 33.3% and 27.75% (PUN), 33.3% and 88.8% (PUC), 33.3% and 94.35% (PU3i) represented acceptable values. After completing the requisite soldering, acceptable values were 50% and 94.35% (PUTN), 16.6% and 77.7% (PUN), 38.55% and 77.7% (PUC), and 27.75% and 94.35% (PU3i). Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that the premachined abutments presented more acceptable VM values. The HM values were within acceptable limits before and after the soldering procedure for most groups. Further, the soldering procedure resulted in an increase of VM in all groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio Domingues das Neves
- Department of Occlusion, Fixed Prostheses, and Dental Materials, Federal University of Uberlândia, School of Dentistry, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Gisele Araújo Elias
- Department of Occlusion, Fixed Prostheses, and Dental Materials, Federal University of Uberlândia, School of Dentistry, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - João Paulo da Silva-Neto
- Department of Occlusion, Fixed Prostheses, and Dental Materials, Federal University of Uberlândia, School of Dentistry, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Lucas Costa de Medeiros Dantas
- Department of Occlusion, Fixed Prostheses, and Dental Materials, Federal University of Uberlândia, School of Dentistry, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Adérito Soares da Mota
- Department of Occlusion, Fixed Prostheses, and Dental Materials, Federal University of Uberlândia, School of Dentistry, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Júlio Fernandes Neto
- Department of Occlusion, Fixed Prostheses, and Dental Materials, Federal University of Uberlândia, School of Dentistry, Uberlândia, Brazil
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