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Ayala Costa D, Rezende PH, Salles FF, Desidério GR, Dias G, Lino-Neto J. Morphology of the male reproductive system and spermatozoa of Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) iguazu Flint, 1983 (Trichoptera, Hydropsychidae). ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2024; 79:101344. [PMID: 38412706 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2024.101344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The Trichoptera, holometabolous aquatic insects found worldwide except in Antarctica, exhibit a unique feature in their sperm, which are solely nucleated (eupyrene). Current knowledge on Trichoptera sperm is limited to Old World species. To enhance our understanding of their reproductive biology and contribute to systematic discussions, we describe the male reproductive system and spermatozoa of Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) iguazu Flint, 1983 (Hydropsychidae). This species lacks seminal vesicles, possesses piriform to oval-shaped testes with spermatozoa grouped in apical bundles and dense filamentous material filling other areas. The vasa deferentia are long and a pair of elongated accessory glands displays distinct proximal and distal regions. The relatively short (∼40 μm) spermatozoa are nucleated, aflagellated, and immobile. Further research could explore variations and assess the taxonomic utility of these features for genus identification within Hydropsychidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayvson Ayala Costa
- Departamento de Entomologia, Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Henrique Rezende
- Departamento de Entomologia, Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Frederico Falcão Salles
- Departamento de Entomologia, Museu de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Gleison Robson Desidério
- Programa de Apoio à Fixação de Jovens Doutores No Brasil, Laboratório de Citotaxonomia e Insetos Aquáticos, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 69067-375, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
| | - Glenda Dias
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - José Lino-Neto
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Riparbelli MG, Persico V, Dallai R, Callaini G. Centrioles and Ciliary Structures during Male Gametogenesis in Hexapoda: Discovery of New Models. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030744. [PMID: 32197383 PMCID: PMC7140630 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrioles are-widely conserved barrel-shaped organelles present in most organisms. They are indirectly involved in the organization of the cytoplasmic microtubules both in interphase and during the cell division by recruiting the molecules needed for microtubule nucleation. Moreover, the centrioles are required to assemble cilia and flagella by the direct elongation of their microtubule wall. Due to the importance of the cytoplasmic microtubules in several aspects of the cell life, any defect in centriole structure can lead to cell abnormalities that in humans may result in significant diseases. Many aspects of the centriole dynamics and function have been clarified in the last years, but little attention has been paid to the exceptions in centriole structure that occasionally appeared within the animal kingdom. Here, we focused our attention on non-canonical aspects of centriole architecture within the Hexapoda. The Hexapoda is one of the major animal groups and represents a good laboratory in which to examine the evolution and the organization of the centrioles. Although these findings represent obvious exceptions to the established rules of centriole organization, they may contribute to advance our understanding of the formation and the function of these organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giovanna Riparbelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.G.R.); (V.P.); (R.D.)
| | - Veronica Persico
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.G.R.); (V.P.); (R.D.)
| | - Romano Dallai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.G.R.); (V.P.); (R.D.)
| | - Giuliano Callaini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.G.R.); (V.P.); (R.D.)
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-57-723-4475
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The centriole adjunct of insects: Need to update the definition. Tissue Cell 2016; 48:104-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Dallai R, Gottardo M, Beutel RG. Structure and Evolution of Insect Sperm: New Interpretations in the Age of Phylogenomics. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 61:1-23. [PMID: 26982436 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-010715-023555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This comprehensive review of the structure of sperm in all orders of insects evaluates phylogenetic implications, with the background of a phylogeny based on transcriptomes. Sperm characters strongly support several major branches of the phylogeny of insects-for instance, Cercophora, Dicondylia, and Psocodea-and also different infraordinal groups. Some closely related taxa, such as Trichoptera and Lepidoptera (Amphiesmenoptera), differ greatly in sperm structure. Sperm characters are very conservative in some groups (Heteroptera, Odonata) but highly variable in others, including Zoraptera, a small and morphologically uniform group with a tremendously accelerated rate of sperm evolution. Unusual patterns such as sperm dimorphism, the formation of bundles, or aflagellate and immotile sperm have evolved independently in several groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romano Dallai
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy; ,
| | - Marco Gottardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy; ,
| | - Rolf Georg Beutel
- Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany;
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Dallai R. Overview on spermatogenesis and sperm structure of Hexapoda. ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2014; 43:257-290. [PMID: 24732045 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The main characteristics of the sperm structure of Hexapoda are reported in the review. Data are dealing with the process of spermatogenesis, including the aberrant models giving rise to a reduced number of sperm cells. The sperm heteromorphism and the giant sperm exceeding the usual sperm size for length and width are considered. The characteristics of several components of a typical insect sperm are described: the plasma membrane and its glycocalyx, the nucleus, the centriole region and the centriole adjunct, the accessory bodies, the mitochondrial derivatives and the flagellar axoneme. Finally, a detailed description of the main sperm features of each hexapodan group is given with emphasis on the flagellar components considered to have great importance in phylogenetic considerations. This study may be also useful to those requiring an introduction to hexapod reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romano Dallai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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The insect centriole: A land of discovery. Tissue Cell 2010; 42:69-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2010.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Revised: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Mencarelli C, Lupetti P, Dallai R. New insights into the cell biology of insect axonemes. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2008; 268:95-145. [PMID: 18703405 DOI: 10.1016/s1937-6448(08)00804-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Insects do not possess ciliated epithelia, and cilia/flagella are present in the sperm tail and--as modified cilia--in mechano- and chemosensory neurons. The core cytoskeletal component of these organelles, the axoneme, is a microtubule-based structure that has been conserved throughout evolution. However, in insects the sperm axoneme exhibits distinctive structural features; moreover, several insect groups are characterized by an unusual sperm axoneme variability. Besides the abundance of morphological data on insect sperm flagella, most of the available molecular information on the insect axoneme comes from genetic studies on Drosophila spermatogenesis, and only recently other insect species have been proposed as useful models. Here, we review the current knowledge on the cell biology of insect axoneme, including contributions from both Drosophila and other model insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mencarelli
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Dallai R, Lupetti P, Mencarelli C. Unusual Axonemes of Hexapod Spermatozoa. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 2006; 254:45-99. [PMID: 17147997 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(06)54002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hexapod spermatozoa exhibit a great variation in their axoneme structure. The 9+2 pattern organization is present in a few basal taxa and in some derived groups. In most hexapods, a crown of nine accessory microtubules surrounds the 9+2 array, giving rise to the so-called 9+9+2 pattern. This general organization, however, displays a number of modifications in several taxa. In this review, the main variations concerning the number and localization of the accessory tubules, microtubular doublets, central microtubules, dynein arms, and axonemal length are summarized. We discuss the phylogenetic significance of all this structural information as well as the current hypotheses relating the sperm size and sperm polymorphism with reproductive success of some hexapod species. Also described are the biochemical data and the motility patterns which are currently known on some peculiar aberrant axonemes, in light of the contribution these models may give to the comprehension of the general functioning of the conventional 9+2 axoneme. Finally, we summarize methodological developments for the study of axoneme ultrastructure and the new opportunities for the molecular analysis of hexapod axonemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romano Dallai
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Siena, Via A Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
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Wolf KW, Klein C. Development of the sperm head in the caddis fly Potamophylax rotundipennis (Insecta, Trichoptera). ZOOMORPHOLOGY 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00403259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Dallai R, Afzelius BA. Sperm structure of trichoptera. II. The aflagellated spermatozoa of Hydroptila, Orthotrichia and Stactobia (Hydroptilidae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-7322(95)93341-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Dallai R, Lupetti P, Afzelius BA. Sperm structure of Trichoptera. III. Hydropsychidae, polycentropodidae and philopotamidae (Annulipalpia). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-7322(95)93342-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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12
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Dallai R, Afzelius B. Sperm structure of Trichoptera. I. Integripalpia : Limnephiloidea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-7322(94)90018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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FRIEDLANDER MICHAEL. Phylogenetic position of rhyacophiloid caddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera): a spermatological analysis of Rhyacophilidae and Glossosomatidae. ZOOL SCR 1993. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6409.1993.tb00359.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Substructure of the axoneme of pterygote insect spermatozoa: Phylogenetic considerations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-7322(93)90023-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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16
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Friedländer M, Eren Jeger R. Phylogenesis of spermatogenesis in Annulipalpia caddisflies: An ultrastructural analysis on philopotamidae spermiogenesis. J Struct Biol 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/1047-8477(90)90101-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Sonnenschein M, Häuser CL. Presence of only eupyrene spermatozoa in adult males of the genus Micropterix hübner and its phylogenetic significance (Lepidoptera : Zeugloptera, Micropterigidae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-7322(90)90012-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Friedländer M. Phylogenetic branching of Trichoptera and Lepidoptera: an ultrastructural analysis on comparative spermatology. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1983; 83:141-7. [PMID: 6864858 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(83)90071-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The divergence during the evolution of the sister orders of Trichoptera (caddisflies) and Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) from their common ancestors is still subject to disagreement. This is partially due to lack of clarity concerning the phylogenetic position of Zeugloptera which is considered to be either a very primitive suborder of Lepidoptera or an order of its own, more archaic than both Trichoptera and Lepidoptera. The ultrastructural analysis on comparative spermatology reported here shows that dichotomous spermatogenesis producing concomitant, normal, anucleate (apyrene) and nucleate (eupyrene) spermatozoa: (1) is generalized in Lepidoptera as it occurs, in addition to higher Lepidoptera, also in the primitive Hepialoidea, (2) is present in Zeugloptera, and (3) is absent from Trichoptera which produce only nucleate spermatozoa. It is concluded that dichotomous spermatogenesis is an evolutionary novelty of Lepidoptera (including Zeugloptera) that was established at the origin of the order, after the divergence of Trichoptera and Lepidoptera.
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