1
|
Scholl J, Lisec J, Haase H, Koch M. Identification of transformation products from fluorinated lithium-ion battery additives TPFPB and TPFPP: forever chemicals of tomorrow? Anal Bioanal Chem 2024:10.1007/s00216-024-05526-z. [PMID: 39266742 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05526-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
Fluorinated organic compounds (FOCs) represent a class of synthetic chemicals distinguished by their resilient carbon-fluorine bonds, which demonstrate an ability to withstand environmental degradation over an extended period. The integration of FOCs into cutting-edge applications, including lithium-ion batteries (LiBs), presents considerable potential for environmental harm that has not yet been sufficiently addressed. This study focuses on the environmental fate of two fluorinated aromatics, tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (TPFPB) and tris(pentafluorophenyl)phosphine (TPFPP), given their important role in improving the performance of LiBs. To achieve this, laboratory simulation methods including total oxidizable precursor assay, electrochemistry (EC), Fenton reaction, UV-C irradiation, and hydrolysis were employed. Liquid chromatography and gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry were used for identification of transformation products (TPs) and prediction of their molecular formulae. Despite the structural similarity between TPFPB and TPFPP, distinct differences in electrochemical behavior and degradation pathways were observed. TPFPB readily underwent hydroxylation and hydrolysis, resulting in a wide range of 49 TPs. A total of 28 TPs were newly identified, including oligomers and highly toxic dioxins. In contrast, TPFPP degraded exclusively under harsh conditions, requiring the development of innovative conditioning protocols for EC. In total, the simulation experiments yielded nine structurally different compounds, including seven previously undescribed, partially defluorinated TPs. This study highlights the potential risks associated with the use of FOCs in LiBs and provides insight into the complex environmental behavior of FOCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Scholl
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Department of Analytical Chemistry and Reference Materials, Berlin, Germany
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Lisec
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Department of Analytical Chemistry and Reference Materials, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hajo Haase
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Koch
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Department of Analytical Chemistry and Reference Materials, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qu R, Pan X, Li C, Liu J, Wang X, Zeng X, Wang Z. Formation of hydroxylated derivatives and coupling products from the photochemical transformation of polyfluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PFDDs) on silica surfaces. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 231:72-81. [PMID: 31128354 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polyfluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PFDDs) are dioxin compounds that have been detected in industrial fluoroaromatic chemicals and can cause adverse effects to organisms. In this work, the photochemical behaviors of PFDDs congeners on silica was systematically investigated. The pseudo-first-order rate constants (k, h-1) of surface photolysis changed with the substitution number and position of fluorine atoms, and the tetra-fluorinated PFDDs tended to degrade more efficiently. Octafluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (OFDD) was selected as a representative to explore the reaction mechanisms. Product analysis showed that OFDD was decomposed into hydroxylated PFDDs (OH-PFDDs) and hydroxylated polyfluorinated diphenyl ethers (OH-PFDEs) via hydroxyl substitution and (OH radical mediated or direct) C-O bond cleavage. Coupling elimination reaction was also observed, resulting in the formation of three-membered and four-membered ring compounds. According to the extracted peak areas in mass spectra and the energy barrier in potential energy surface, direct homolysis of C-O bond occurs as the dominant reaction pathway. This work could provide some new insights into the environmental fate of dioxin compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Xiaoxue Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Chenguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jiaoqin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xinghao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xiaolan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Zunyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zeng X, Chen J, Qu R, Pan X, Wang Z. The OH-initiated atmospheric chemical reactions of polyfluorinated dibenzofurans and polychlorinated dibenzofurans: A comparative theoretical study. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 168:10-17. [PMID: 27776226 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The atmospheric chemical reactions of some polyfluorinated dibenzofurans (PFDFs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), initiated by OH radical, were investigated by performing theoretical calculations using density functional theory (DFT) and B3LYP/6-311++G(2df,p) method. The obtained results indicate that OH addition reactions of PFDFs and PCDFs occurring at C1∼4 and CA sites are thermodynamic spontaneous changes and the branching ratio of the PF(C)DF-OH adducts is decided primarily by kinetic factor. The OH addition reactions of PFDFs taking place at fluorinated C1∼4 positions are kinetically comparable with those occurring at nonfluorinated C1∼4 positions, while OH addition reactions of PCDFs occurring at chlorinated C1∼4 sites are negligible. The total rate constants of the addition reactions of PFDFs or PCDFs become smaller with consecutive fluorination or chlorination, and substituting at C1 position has more adverse effects than substitution at other sites. The succedent O2 addition reactions of PF(C)DF-OH adducts are thermodynamic nonspontaneous processes under the atmospheric conditions, and have high Gibbs free energies of activation (ΔrG≠). The substituted dibenzofuranols are the primary oxidation products for PCDFs under the atmospheric conditions. However, other oxidative products may also be available for PFDFs besides substituted dibenzofuranols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Henan, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ruijuan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaoxue Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zunyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zeng X, Qu R, Feng M, Chen J, Wang L, Wang Z. Photodegradation of Polyfluorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins in Organic Solvents: Experimental and Theoretical Studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:8128-8134. [PMID: 27380414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Eighteen polyfluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PFDDs) were synthesized by pyrolysis of fluorophenols. Using a 500 W Xe lamp as the light source, the PFDDs photodegradation kinetics in n-hexane were investigated. The photolysis reactions obeyed the pseudo-first-order rate equation, and higher fluorinated PFDDs tended to photolyze more slowly. Theoretically calculated parameters reflecting the molecular structural properties were used to develop a new model of PFDDs photolysis rates. The results indicated that the substitution pattern for fluorine atoms and the C-O bond length were major factors in the photolysis of PFDDs. We selected octafluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (OFDD) as a representative PFDDs to explore the influence of solvent on the photolysis rate of PFDDs, and the results indicated that neither the polarity nor donor hydrogen of organic solvents are independent influencing factors. Mechanistic pathways for the photolysis of OFDD in n-hexane were first studied. The results indicated that photodegradation of OFDD produces octafluorinated dihydroxybiphenyls, octafluorinated phenoxyphenols, and fluorinated phenols. The major pathway for photodegradation of OFDD was C-O bond cleavage. Defluorination reactions did not occur during the photolysis process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University , Jiangsu Nanjing 210023, PR China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University , Henan Xinyang 464000, PR China
| | - Ruijuan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University , Jiangsu Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Mingbao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University , Jiangsu Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University , Jiangsu Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Liansheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University , Jiangsu Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Zunyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University , Jiangsu Nanjing 210023, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li C, Qin L, Qu R, Sun P, Wang Z. Responses of antioxidant defense system to polyfluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PFDDs) exposure in liver of freshwater fish Carassius auratus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 126:170-176. [PMID: 26761781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the toxicity of ten polyfluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PFDDs) congeners to freshwater fish Carassius auratus, by determining the antioxidative responses and lipid peroxidation in the liver after the fish were injected with two different concentrations (10 and 100 µmol/kg) of individual PFDDs for 3 and 14 days. The results showed that oxidative stress was obviously induced in some PFDDs-treated groups, as implied by the significantly inhibited antioxidants levels (superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione, and glutathione S-transferase) and elevated malondialdehyde content. In addition, the oxidative stress inducing ability was variable for different PFDDs congeners, which was related with the substitution number and position of fluorine atom. Based on the calculated integrated biomarker response (IBR) values, the toxicity was ranked as 2,3,7,8-FDD>Octa-FDD>1,2,3,4,7-FDD>1,3,6,8-FDD>1,2,3,4,6,7-FDD>1,2,6,7-FDD>1,2,7-FDD>DD>2,7-FDD>2-FDD. This study can enhance the general understanding of the PFDDs induced oxidative stress in aquatic organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Li Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Ruijuan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Ping Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Zunyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zeng X, Zhang X, Wang Z. Theoretical study on the OH-initiated oxidation mechanism of polyfluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins under the atmospheric conditions. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:2036-2043. [PMID: 26580719 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.10.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/6-311++G(2df,p) level of theory have been carried out to investigate the atmospheric oxidation mechanisms of some polyfluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PFDDs), initiated by OH radical. The computed results show that all OH addition reactions of PFDDs are thermodynamically spontaneous processes and the branch ratio of the PFDD-OH adducts is determined by the magnitude of the Gibbs free energies of activation (Δ(r)G(≠)) and hence rate constants (k) for addition reactions. The OH reactions with all studied PFDDs are dominated by Cγ-addition and the total rate constants for OH addition decrease with increasing the number of fluorine atom substituting at α positions. Under the atmospheric conditions, the subsequent O2 addition reactions of PFDD-OH adducts occur hardly thermodynamically and are slow kinetically. For PFDD-α(β)-OH adducts without F atom at same positions the main reaction pathway is H abstraction by O2, while PFDD-γ-OH adducts will undergo fused-ring C-O bond cleavage, affording the substituted phenoxy radicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Henan, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zunyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
In vitro inhibitory effects of scutellarin on six human/rat cytochrome P450 enzymes and P-glycoprotein. Molecules 2014; 19:5748-60. [PMID: 24802986 PMCID: PMC6271944 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19055748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) are regarded as the most frequent and clinically important pharmacokinetic causes among the various possible factors for drug-drug interactions. Scutellarin is a flavonoid which is widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, the in vitro inhibitory effects of scutellarin on six major human CYPs (CYP1A2, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4) and six rat CYPs (CYP1A2, CYP2C7, CYP2C11, CYP2C79, CYP2D4, and CYP3A2) activities were examined by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Meanwhile, the inhibitory effects of scutellarin on P-gp activity were examined on a human metastatic malignant melanoma cell line WM-266-4 by calcein-AM fluorometry screening assay. Results demonstrated that scutellarin showed negligible inhibitory effects on the six major CYP isoenzymes in human/rat liver microsomes with almost all of the IC50 values exceeding 100 μM, whereas it showed values of 63.8 μM for CYP2C19 in human liver microsomes, and 63.1 and 85.6 μM for CYP2C7 and CYP2C79 in rat liver microsomes, respectively. Scutellarin also showed weak inhibitory effect on P-gp. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that scutellarin is unlikely to cause any clinically significant herb-drug interactions in humans when co-administered with substrates of the six CYPs (CYP1A2, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4) and P-gp.
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang C, Sun X. Gas-phase tropospheric chemistry of 2,3,7,8-tetrafuorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 468-469:104-110. [PMID: 24012898 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Growing attention has been devoted to understanding the formation and destruction of polyfluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PFDDs). High-accuracy molecular orbital calculations have been performed to investigate the tropospheric oxidation reaction of 2,3,7,8-tetrafuorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (TFDD) initiated by OH radical, NO3 radical and O3. The rate constant of TFDD reaction triggered by the OH radical, NO3 radical and O3 is about 2.30 × 10(-11)cm(3) molecule(-l) s(-l), 3.18 × 10(-13)cm(3) molecule(-l) s(-l), and 3.30 × 10(-19)cm(3) molecule(-l) s(-l), respectively. OH radical is the major gas phase tropospheric sink for TFDD. Once TFDD-OH intermediates are produced in the initial reactions, they can react with tropospheric O2 subsequently to generate peroxy radical isomers. The TFDD-OH-O2 can further react with tropospheric NO via isomerization or combination, resulting that the dioxin ring will be ruptured completely. This study can serve as a template for tropospheric degradation of the gaseous PFDDs, which is beneficial for assessing their tropospheric behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shi J, Liu H, Sun L, Hou H, Xu Y, Wang Z. Theoretical study on hydrophilicity and thermodynamic properties of polyfluorinated dibenzofurans. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 84:296-304. [PMID: 21549408 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Revised: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Logarithm values of octanol-water partition coefficients (logK(ow)) of polyfluorinated dibenzofurans (PFDFs) were calculated based on group contributions, and their thermodynamic properties in the ideal gas state at 298.15 K and 1.013 × 10(5) Pa were calculated using a combination of quantum mechanical computations performed with the Gaussian 03 program at the B3LYP/6-311G(*) level. The isodesmic reactions were designed to calculate standard enthalpy of formation (ΔH(f)(θ)) and standard free energy of formation (ΔG(f)(θ)) of PFDF congeners. By establishing relationships between these properties (including logK(ow), standard state entropy S(θ), ΔH(f)(θ),ΔG(f)(θ)) and the number and position of fluorine atom substituents (N(PFS)), it was found that the fluorine substitution pattern strongly influences all of these properties of the compounds. The relation curve of logK(ow) values varying with the fluorine substitution pattern presented a three-level sawtooth shape. Intramolecular repulsive forces exist between an oxygen-adjacent fluorine atom on phenyl ring and the oxygen of dibenzofuran, between ortho-substituted fluorine atoms on a phenyl ring, and between two adjacent fluorine atoms on different phenyl rings. Their repulsion energies were ascertained by comparing ΔG(f)(θ) values to be approximately 14 kJ mol(-1)-17 kJ mol(-1), 18 kJ mol(-1)-22 kJ mol(-1) and 7 kJ mol(-1)-9 kJ mol(-1), respectively. According to the relative magnitude of their ΔG(f)(θ), the relative stability order of PFDF congeners was theoretically proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210046, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang X, Liu H, Hou H, Flamm A, Zhang X, Wang Z. Studies of thermodynamic properties and relative stability of a series of polyfluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins by density functional theory. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2010; 181:969-974. [PMID: 20580159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.05.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2010] [Revised: 05/05/2010] [Accepted: 05/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The thermodynamic properties of 75 polyfluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PFDDs) in the ideal gas state at 298.15K and 1.013x10(5) Pa have been calculated at the B3LYP/6-311G* level using Gaussian 03 program. The isodesmic reactions were designed to calculate standard enthalpy of formation (DeltaH(f)(degrees)) and standard free energy of formation (DeltaG(f)(degrees)) of PFDDs congeners. The relations of these thermodynamic parameters with the number and position of fluorine atom substitution (N(PFS)) were discussed, and it was found that there exist high correlations between thermodynamic parameters (entropy (S(degrees)), DeltaH(f)(degrees) and DeltaG(f)(degrees)) and N(PFS). According to the relative magnitude of their DeltaG(f)(degrees), the relative stability order of PFDD congeners was theoretically proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Miyake Y, Kato M, Urano K. A method for measuring semi- and non-volatile organic halogens by combustion ion chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1139:63-9. [PMID: 17109873 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.10.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2006] [Revised: 10/20/2006] [Accepted: 10/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that various semi- and non-volatile organohalogen compounds are ubiquitous in the environment: these include halogenated dioxins including chlorinated dioxins, other persistent organic pollutants (POPs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs), and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). However, monitoring and assessment of these compounds by the analyses of individual compounds and their isomers is onerous because of their low environmental concentrations and large number of compounds. In this study, we have developed a new method that is capable of screening and monitoring an array of organohalogen compounds efficiently by combustion ion chromatography (CIC) - the new analyzer that serially connects combustion furnace and ion chromatograph. Analyzer performance was evaluated in terms of its applicability, reproducibility, and sensitivity as limit of detection (LOD). Recoveries of organochlorine, organobromine, and organoiodine compounds by the CIC were between 97 and 105%; those of organofluorine compounds were from 86 to 91%. In all cases, the relative standard deviation of five analyses was 4% or smaller. The analyzer would exhibit good sensitivity for various environmental matrices (e.g., 2.8-31ng-X/g-soil, 1.4-16ng-X/L-water, and 9.2-100ng-X/m3N-gas). The method is fast and can provide information regarding the occurrence of organohalogen compounds within 1 or 2 days after sampling. Applicability of the new method for the assessment of contamination in flue gas and fly ash was also demonstrated. Our results show that the method is efficient to investigate emission sources and areas contaminated by organohalogen compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Miyake
- National Institute of Advance Industrial Science and Technology, Onogawa 16-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|