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Kalra R, Conlan XA, Goel M. Fungi as a Potential Source of Pigments: Harnessing Filamentous Fungi. Front Chem 2020; 8:369. [PMID: 32457874 PMCID: PMC7227384 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing concern over the harmful effects of synthetic colorants on both the consumer and the environment has raised a strong interest in natural coloring alternatives. As a result the worldwide demand for colorants of natural origin is rapidly increasing in the food, cosmetic and textile sectors. Natural colorants have the capacity to be used for a variety of industrial applications, for instance, as dyes for textile and non-textile substrates such as leather, paper, within paints and coatings, in cosmetics, and in food additives. Currently, pigments and colorants produced through plants and microbes are the primary source exploited by modern industries. Among the other non-conventional sources, filamentous fungi particularly ascomycetous and basidiomycetous fungi (mushrooms), and lichens (symbiotic association of a fungus with a green alga or cyanobacterium) are known to produce an extraordinary range of colors including several chemical classes of pigments such as melanins, azaphilones, flavins, phenazines, and quinines. This review seeks to emphasize the opportunity afforded by pigments naturally found in fungi as a viable green alternative to current sources. This review presents a comprehensive discussion on the capacity of fungal resources such as endophytes, halophytes, and fungi obtained from a range or sources such as soil, sediments, mangroves, and marine environments. A key driver of the interest in fungi as a source of pigments stems from environmental factors and discussion here will extend on the advancement of greener extraction techniques used for the extraction of intracellular and extracellular pigments. The search for compounds of interest requires a multidisciplinary approach and techniques such as metabolomics, metabolic engineering and biotechnological approaches that have potential to deal with various challenges faced by pigment industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishu Kalra
- Division of Sustainable Agriculture, TERI-Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute, Gurugram, India
| | - Xavier A Conlan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Mayurika Goel
- Division of Sustainable Agriculture, TERI-Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute, Gurugram, India
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Kawakami H, Suzuki C, Yamaguchi H, Hara K, Komine M, Yamamoto Y. Norlichexanthone produced by cultured endolichenic fungus induced from Pertusaria laeviganda and its antioxidant activity. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:996-999. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1585746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Endolichenic fungi, nonobligate microfungi that live in lichen, are promising as new bioresources of pharmacological compounds. We found that norlichexanthone isolated from the endolichenic fungus in Pertusaria laeviganda exhibited high antioxidant activity. Norlichexanthone produced by endolichenic fungus had the antioxidant activity with same level of ascorbic acid. This is the first report of high antioxidant activity of norlichexanthone.
Abbreviations: AAPH: 2,2ʹ-azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride; DPPH: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; FL: fluorescein sodium salt; HPLC-PDA: high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array; LC-ESI-MS: liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry; ORAC: oxygen radical absorbance capacity; PB: phosphate buffer; ROS: reactive oxygen species; TLC: thin-layer chromatography
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Kawakami
- Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| | - Chihiro Suzuki
- Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| | - Haruka Yamaguchi
- Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| | - Kojiro Hara
- Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| | - Masashi Komine
- Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Yamamoto
- Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
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Tanahashi T, Takenaka Y, Mizushina Y, Hamada N. A Cytotoxic Pyranonaphthoquinone from Cultured Lichen Mycobionts of Haematomma sp. HETEROCYCLES 2017. [DOI: 10.3987/com-17-13704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Hibino S. Synthetic Studies of Bioactive Heterocyclic Natural Products and Fused Heterocyclic Compounds Based on the Thermal Electrocyclic or Azaelectocyclic Reaction of 6π-Electron or Aza-6π-electron Systems. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2016; 136:607-48. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.15-00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Hibino
- Graduate School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University
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Hibino S, Choshi T, Hironaka M, Goto M, Shimizu K, Kurata Y, Nishiyama T, Hatae N. Novel Total Synthesis of the 2-Azaanthraquinone Alkaloid Scorpinone Using a Tandem Oxidation and Azaelectrocyclic Reaction. HETEROCYCLES 2015. [DOI: 10.3987/com-14-13155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Bioactive heterocyclic natural products from actinomycetes having effects on cancer-related signaling pathways. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 99:147-98. [PMID: 25296439 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-04900-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abdelfattah MS, Toume K, Arai MA, Masu H, Ishibashi M. Katorazone, a new yellow pigment with a 2-azaquinone-phenylhydrazone structure produced by Streptomyces sp. IFM 11299. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mbala BM, Jacobs J, Claes P, Mudogo V, De Kimpe N. Investigation towards an efficient synthesis of benzo[g]isoquinoline-1,5,10(2H)-triones. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bauer JD, King RW, Brady SF. Utahmycins a and B, azaquinones produced by an environmental DNA clone. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2010; 73:976-9. [PMID: 20387794 PMCID: PMC2893554 DOI: 10.1021/np900786s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Two new azaquinones, utahmycins A (1) and B (2), were isolated from cultures of Streptomyces albus J1704 transformed with the environmental DNA-derived Erd gene cluster. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses. The structure of 1 was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Both metabolites appear to arise from the addition of a nitrogen atom to erdacin biosynthetic intermediates. Utahmycin A (1) is the first example of a biologically derived 1,3-dimethyl-2-azaanthraquinone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sean F. Brady
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: (212) 327-8280. Fax: (212) 327-8281.
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Lin ZY, Chen YL, Lee CS, Chuang CP. Metal Salt Mediated Radical Reactions of 2-Substituted-1,4-Naphthoquinones. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Jacobs J, Kesteleyn B, De Kimpe N. First straightforward synthesis of 2,4-disubstituted benz[g]isoquinoline-3,5,10(2H)-triones, 1,2,3,5-substituted naphtho[3,2,1-de]isoquinoline-4,7-diones, and 6-substituted benzo[h]pyrido[3,4,5-kl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine-5,8-diones. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.05.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Jacobs J, Kesteleyn B, De Kimpe N. Synthesis of N-substituted 1,2-dihydrobenz[g]isoquinoline-5,10-diones. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Van Wagoner RM, Mantle PG, Wright JLC. Biosynthesis of scorpinone, a 2-azaanthraquinone from Amorosia littoralis, a fungus from marine sediment. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2008; 71:426-430. [PMID: 18281953 DOI: 10.1021/np070614i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The biogenetic origin of the carbon atoms in the 2-azaanthraquinone scorpinone ( 1), produced by the rare fungus Amorosia littoralis isolated from marine sediment, was explored through isotopic enrichment studies utilizing [2- (13)C]-acetate and [1,2- (13)C]-acetate. The labeling results reveal a heptaketide precursor is involved in the biosynthesis of 1, as has been found for the structurally related naphthoquinone dihydrofusarubin. The previously identified naphthoquinone herbarin ( 2) was also isolated and appears to bear the same biogenetic relationship to 1 as the fusarubins do to the fungal 2-azaanthraquinone bostrycoidins.
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Mantle PG, Hawksworth DL, Pazoutova S, Collinson LM, Rassing BR. Amorosia littoralis gen. sp. nov., a new genus and species name for the scorpinone and caffeine-producing hyphomycete from the littoral zone in The Bahamas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 110:1371-8. [PMID: 17101270 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycres.2006.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2006] [Revised: 09/08/2006] [Accepted: 09/12/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The new generic and species name Amorosia littoralis gen. sp. nov. is introduced for the conidial dematiaceous hyphomycete isolated from the littoral zone in The Bahamas and reported in 2001 to produce the novel aza-anthraquinone scorpinone, and also caffeine. No satisfactory generic placement was found at the time, but subsequent morphological and molecular investigations reveal that a new generic name is required. The new genus has some similarity to several fungi described in Trichocladium, but differs substantially from the type species of that genus in the form of the conidia and the lack of ornamentation. BLAST studies using the 18S and 28S rDNA gene sequences place the new genus in the Sporormiaceae. In addition to the morphological studies, an ultrastructural examination of the conspicuous porate septa of hyphae showed that they do not belong to a basidiomycete.
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MESH Headings
- Anthraquinones/metabolism
- Aza Compounds/metabolism
- Bahamas
- Caffeine/biosynthesis
- DNA, Fungal/chemistry
- DNA, Fungal/genetics
- Microscopy, Electron
- Mitosporic Fungi/classification
- Mitosporic Fungi/genetics
- Mitosporic Fungi/isolation & purification
- Mitosporic Fungi/metabolism
- Phylogeny
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/chemistry
- RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 28S/chemistry
- RNA, Ribosomal, 28S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Terminology as Topic
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G Mantle
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Schmitt I, Martín MP, Kautz S, Lumbsch HT. Diversity of non-reducing polyketide synthase genes in the Pertusariales (lichenized Ascomycota): a phylogenetic perspective. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2005; 66:1241-53. [PMID: 15927215 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2004] [Revised: 01/18/2005] [Accepted: 04/07/2005] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Lichenized fungi synthesize a great variety of secondary metabolites. These are typically crystalline compounds, which are deposited extracellularly on the fungal hyphae. While we know a lot about the chemical properties and structures of these substances, we have very little information on the molecular background of their biosynthesis. In the current study we analyze the diversity of non-reducing polyketide synthase (PKS) genes in members of the lichenized Pertusariales. This order primarily contains fully oxidized secondary metabolites from different substance classes, and is chemically and phylogenetically well studied. Using a degenerate primer approach with subsequent cloning we detected up to five non-reducing PKS sequences in a single PCR product. Eighty-five new KS sequence fragments were obtained for this study. Analysis of the 157 currently available fungal KS sequence fragments in a Bayesian phylogenetic framework revealed 18 highly supported clades that included only lichenized taxa, only non-lichenized taxa, or both. Some Pertusarialean groupings of PKS sequences corresponded partly to phylogenetic groupings based on ribosomal DNA. This is reasonable, because a correlation between well-supported phylogenetic lineages and the occurrence of secondary metabolites in the Pertusariales has been observed before. However, no clear linkage was found between the PKS genes analyzed and the ability to produce a particular secondary substance. Several PKS clades did not reveal obvious patterns of secondary compound distribution or phylogenetic association. Compared with earlier phylogenetic analyses of KS sequences the increased sampling in the current study allowed us to detect many new groupings within the fungal non-reducing PKSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke Schmitt
- Department of Botany, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA.
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Total synthesis of four naturally occurring 2-azaanthraquinone antibiotics, 6-deoxy-8-methylbostrycoidin, 6-deoxybostrycoidin, 7-O-demethyl-6-deoxybostrycoidin and scorpinone. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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