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Krajenta J, Pawlak A. Crystallization of the β-Form of Polypropylene from the Melt with Reduced Entanglement of Macromolecules. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1710. [PMID: 38932060 PMCID: PMC11207872 DOI: 10.3390/polym16121710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The influence of decreasing the entanglement density of macromolecules on the crystallization of the β-form of polypropylene was investigated. Polypropylene with seven times less entanglement was obtained from a solution in xylene, and its properties were compared with those of fully entangled polypropylene. To obtain a high β-phase content, the polymer was nucleated using calcium pimelate. In non-isothermal crystallization studies, accelerated growth of β-crystals was found, increasing the crystallization temperature. Also, the isothermal crystallization was fastest in the nucleated, partially disentangled polypropylene. Increased growth rate of spherulites and enhanced nucleation activity in the presence of more mobile macromolecules were responsible for the high rate of melt conversion to crystals in the disentangled polypropylene. It was also observed that the equilibrium melting temperature of β-crystals is lower after disentangling macromolecules. Better conditions for crystal building after reduction of entanglements resulted in enhanced crystallization according to regime II.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrzej Pawlak
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Science, 90-363 Lodz, Poland;
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2
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Moaref R, Shajari S, Sundararaj U. From Waste to Value Added Products: Manufacturing High Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Composite from End-of-Life Vehicle (ELV) Waste. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:120. [PMID: 38201785 PMCID: PMC10780672 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of plastics in automobiles is increasing dramatically due to their advantages of low weight and cost-effectiveness. Various products can be manufactured by recycling end-of-life vehicle (ELV) plastic waste, enhancing sustainability within this sector. This study presents the development of an electromagnetic interference (EMI) shield that can be used for protecting electronic devices in vehicles by recycling waste bumpers of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber from ELVs. EPDM waste was added to a unique combination of 40/60: PP/CaCO3 master batch and conductive nanofiller of carbon nanotubes using an internal melt mixing process. This nanocomposite was highly conductive, with an electrical conductivity of 5.2×10-1S·cm-1 for 5 vol% CNT in a 30 wt% EPDM/70 wt% PP/CaCO3 master batch and showed a high EMI shielding effectiveness of 30.4 dB. An ultra-low percolation threshold was achieved for the nanocomposite at 0.25 vol% CNT. Waste material in the composite improved the yield strain by about 46% and strain at break by 54% in comparison with the same composition without waste. Low cost and light-weight fabricated composite from ELV waste shows high EMI SE for application in electronic vehicles and opens a new path to convert waste to wealth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Moaref
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2L1Y6, Canada; (R.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Shaghayegh Shajari
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2L1Y6, Canada; (R.M.); (S.S.)
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60611, USA
| | - Uttandaraman Sundararaj
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2L1Y6, Canada; (R.M.); (S.S.)
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3
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Thumm A, Risani R, Dickson A, Sorieul M. Ligno-Cellulosic Fibre Sized with Nucleating Agents Promoting Transcrystallinity in Isotactic Polypropylene Composites. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13051259. [PMID: 32164346 PMCID: PMC7085066 DOI: 10.3390/ma13051259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The mechanical performance of composites made from isotactic polypropylene reinforced with natural fibres depends on the interface between fibre and matrix, as well as matrix crystallinity. Sizing the fibre surface with nucleating agents to promote transcrystallinity is a potential route to improve the mechanical properties. The sizing of thermo-mechanical pulp and regenerated cellulose (Tencel™) fibres with α- and β-nucleating agents, to improve tensile strength and impact strength respectively, was assessed in this study. Polarised microscopy, electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that transcrystallinity was achieved and that the bulk crystallinity of the matrix was affected during processing (compounding and injection moulding). However, despite substantial changes in crystal structure in the final composite, the sizing method used did not lead to significant changes regarding the overall composite mechanical performance.
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4
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Crystallization Behavior and Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11071198. [PMID: 31319580 PMCID: PMC6680460 DOI: 10.3390/polym11071198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glass fiber with different content and different kinds of compatibilizers were used to prepare glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene (GFRP) composites. β-nucleating agent with different content was used to prepare β-polypropylene (PP), after which the toughness, crystallization ability and heat resistance were all enhanced. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) showed that the crystallite degree and crystallization ability were all greatly improved and β-PP was in dominant position. At last, both β-nucleating agent and glass fiber were used to modify the PP composites (β-GFRP). The formation of β-form PP made the matrix softer, which was beneficial for energy absorption and enhancement of toughness. The tensile strength, flexural strength and flexural modulus were improved dramatically, which were attributed to the coeffect of framework structure of GF and β-form PP.
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Yamamoto K, Kawaguchi D, Sasahara K, Inutsuka M, Yamamoto S, Uchida K, Mita K, Ogawa H, Takenaka M, Tanaka K. Aggregation States of Poly(4-methylpentene-1) at a Solid Interface. Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-018-0134-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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6
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Investigation of Transcrystalline Interphases in Polypropylene/Glass Fiber Composites Using Micromechanical Tests. FIBERS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/fib6010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In composites, a strong interphase between the components is essential for mechanical properties. By using a suitable sizing (i.e., surface modification) of the fiber, the interphase may be varied, e.g., by suppressing or promoting heterogeneous nucleation of a thermoplastic matrix. In the latter case, three-dimensional transcrystallized interphases with properties differing from those of the bulk matrix are formed. Polypropylene-glass fiber composites are prepared as single-fiber model composites with (a) sizings either inducing or suppressing a transcrystalline interphase, (b) different amounts of modifier maleic acid anhydride grafted polypropylene, and (c) different molecular weights of the matrix polymer. These are studied in quasi-static or cyclic load tests. Static tests permit insights in the interfacial characteristics such as critical interface energy release rate, adhesion strength and frictional stress. Cyclic tests on these model composites can be used to study the nature of dissipative processes and the damage behavior. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) investigations of the fiber fracture surfaces provide supplementary information. The transcrystalline layer can indeed improve the mechanical parameters (a 70–100% increase of strength and a 25 or 125% increase in toughness, depending on the molecular weight (MW) of the matrix polymer at low modifier concentration). However, the effect is partially neutralized by an opposing effect: high nucleation in the bulk in samples with commonly used concentrations of modifier.
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Rizvi A, Tabatabaei A, Vahedi P, Mahmood SH, Park CB. Non-crosslinked thermoplastic reticulated polymer foams from crystallization-induced structural heterogeneities. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Lu Z, Zhao B, Yang M. Excellent toughness, crystal morphology and crystallization mechanism of transcrystallization of polypropylene induced by layered interface. POLYM ENG SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghao Lu
- College of Electronic Science; National University of Defense Technology; Changsha, 410073 China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Sichuan Run Yingda Electronic Technology Co., Ltd; Chengdu, 610000 China
| | - Mingtao Yang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering; YiChun University; Yichun, 336000 China
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9
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Li C, Jiao Z, Xiong L, Yang W. Electrical conductivity of carbon nanotube/polypropylene composites prepared through microlayer extrusion technology. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2016-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The morphological distribution of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in polymer matrix has a crucial impact on the performance of CNT-filled polymer composites. A novel microlayer extrusion technology used in the dispersion and orientation of CNTs was proposed, and polypropylene (PP)/multiwalled CNT (MWCNT) composites with different numbers of layers were prepared with it. The MWCNT dispersion was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and Raman mapping method, and the MWCNT orientation was quantified by Raman spectroscopy. The influences of the dispersion and orientation of MWCNTs on the electrical conductivity and crystallization behavior of the composites were investigated. The results showed that the anisotropic conducting properties of the multilayered composites varied distinguishably with the increase of layer numbers and rotation speed. Furthermore, the degree of crystallinity of PP increased when the layer number increased from 1 to 729. All of these results suggest that with the increase of the layer numbers and the rotation speed, the dispersion and orientation of MWCNTs in PP matrix improve greatly. Overall, we provide an efficient and practical approach to control the dispersion and orientation of CNT in polymer matrix, which has a promising application prospect in the field of plastic processing.
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Huang J, Xu C, Wu D, Lv Q. Transcrystallization of polypropylene in the presence of polyester/cellulose nanocrystal composite fibers. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 167:105-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Xia XC, Yang W, He S, Xie DD, Zhang RY, Tian F, Yang MB. Formation of various crystalline structures in a polypropylene/polycarbonate in situ microfibrillar blend during the melt second flow. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:14030-9. [PMID: 27157694 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01426g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A special shell–core structure is formed in PP/PC/β-NA composites, which has huge potential for the improvement of mechanical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chao Xia
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering
- and the State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- PR China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering
- and the State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- PR China
| | - Shan He
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering
- and the State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- PR China
| | - Dan-Dan Xie
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering
- and the State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- PR China
| | - Rui-Yan Zhang
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering
- and the State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- PR China
| | - Feng Tian
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 2012204
- China
| | - Ming-Bo Yang
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering
- and the State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- PR China
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12
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Wang M, Yuan J, Luo SH, Zeng JB. Fabrication of hierarchically crystallographic morphologies in isotactic polypropylene. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University; ChongQing 400715 China
| | - Jia Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University; ChongQing 400715 China
| | - Shi-Hui Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University; ChongQing 400715 China
| | - Jian-Bing Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University; ChongQing 400715 China
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13
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Abdou JP, Braggin GA, Luo Y, Stevenson AR, Chun D, Zhang S. Graphene-Induced Oriented Interfacial Microstructures in Single Fiber Polymer Composites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:13620-13626. [PMID: 26058086 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b03269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial interactions between the polymer and graphene are pivotal in determining the reinforcement efficiency in the graphene-enhanced polymer nanocomposites. Here, we report on the dynamic process of graphene-induced oriented interfacial crystals of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) in the single fiber polymer composites by means of polarized optical microscopy (POM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The graphene fibers are obtained by chemical reduction of graphene oxide fibers, and the latter is produced from the liquid crystalline dispersion of graphene oxide via a wet coagulation route. The lamellar crystals of iPP grow perpendicular to the fiber axis, forming an oriented transcrystalline (TC) interphase surrounding the graphene fiber. Various factors including the diameter of graphene fibers, crystallization temperature, and time are investigated. The dynamic process of polymer transcrystallization surrounding the graphene fiber is studied in the temperature range 124-132 °C. The Lauritzen-Hoffman theory of heterogeneous nucleation is applied to analyze the transcrystallization process, and the fold surface free energy is determined. Study into microstructures demonstrates a cross-hatched lamellar morphology of the TC interphase and the strong interfacial adhesion between the iPP and graphene. Under appropriate conditions, the β-form transcrystals occur whereas the α-form transcrystals are predominant surrounding the graphene fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Abdou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Gregory A Braggin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Yanqi Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Alexandra R Stevenson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Danielle Chun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Shanju Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
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14
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Papageorgiou DG, Chrissafis K, Bikiaris DN. β-Nucleated Polypropylene: Processing, Properties and Nanocomposites. POLYM REV 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2015.1019136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Zhang C, Wang B, Yang J, Ding D, Yan X, Zheng G, Dai K, Liu C, Guo Z. Synergies among the self-assembled β-nucleating agent and the sheared isotactic polypropylene matrix. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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17
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Paukszta D, Borysiak S. The Influence of Processing and the Polymorphism of Lignocellulosic Fillers on the Structure and Properties of Composite Materials-A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2013; 6:2747-2767. [PMID: 28811406 PMCID: PMC5521229 DOI: 10.3390/ma6072747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose is the most important and the most abundant plant natural polymer. It shows a number of interesting properties including those making it attractive as a filler of composite materials with a thermoplastic polymer matrix. Production of such composite materials, meeting the standards of green technology, has increased from 0.36 million tons in 2007 to 2.33 million tons in 2012. It is predicted that by 2020 their production will reach 3.45 million tons. Production of biocomposites with lignocellulosic components poses many problems that should be addressed. This paper is a review of the lignocellulosic materials currently used as polymer fillers. First, the many factors determining the macroscopic properties of such composites are described, with particular attention paid to the poor interphase adhesion between the polymer matrix and a lignocellulosic filler and to the effects of cellulose occurrence in polymorphic varieties. The phenomenon of cellulose polymorphism is very important from the point of view of controlling the nucleation abilities of the lignocellulosic filler and hence the mechanical properties of composites. Macroscopic properties of green composites depend also on the parameters of processing which determine the magnitude and range of shearing forces. The influence of shearing forces appearing upon processing the supermolecular structure of the polymer matrix is also discussed. An important problem from the viewpoint of ecology is the possibility of composite recycling which should be taken into account at the design stage. The methods for recycling of the composites made of thermoplastic polymers filled with renewable lignocellulosic materials are presented and discussed. This paper is a review prepared on the basis of currently available literature which describes the many aspects of the problems related to the possibility of using lignocellulosic components for production of composites with polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Paukszta
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Sklodowskiej-Curie 1, Poznan 60-965, Poland.
| | - Slawomir Borysiak
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Sklodowskiej-Curie 1, Poznan 60-965, Poland.
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18
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Controlled shear-induced molecular orientation and crystallization in polypropylene/talc microcomposites – Effects of the talc nature. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Largely enhanced crystallization of semi-crystalline polymer on the surface of glass fiber by using graphene oxide as a modifier. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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21
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Ning N, Fu S, Zhang W, Chen F, Wang K, Deng H, Zhang Q, Fu Q. Realizing the enhancement of interfacial interaction in semicrystalline polymer/filler composites via interfacial crystallization. Prog Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Qian S, Igarashi T, Nitta KH. Influence of Thermo-degradation on the Crystallization Kinetics of Isotactic Polypropylene with a β-Nucleating Agent. J MACROMOL SCI B 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2012.682869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengying Qian
- a Division of Material Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Kanazawa University , Kakuma Campus , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Toshio Igarashi
- a Division of Material Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Kanazawa University , Kakuma Campus , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Koh-Hei Nitta
- a Division of Material Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Kanazawa University , Kakuma Campus , Kanazawa , Japan
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23
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Liang Y, Liu S, Dai K, Wang B, Shao C, Zhang Q, Wang S, Zheng G, Liu C, Chen J, Shen C, Li Q, Peng X. Transcrystallization in nanofiber bundle/isotactic polypropylene composites: effect of matrix molecular weight. Colloid Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-012-2626-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Borysiak S. The supermolecular structure of isotactic polypropylene/atactic polystyrene blends. POLYM ENG SCI 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.22039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Zhang RH, Shi DA, Tsui CP, Tang CY, Tjong SC, Li RKY. The formation of β-polypropylene crystals in a compatibilized blend of isotactic polypropylene and polyamide-6. POLYM ENG SCI 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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26
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Mina MF, Haque MA, Bhuiyan MKH, Gafur MA, Tamba Y, Asano T. Structural, mechanical and thermal studies of double-molded isotactic polypropylene nanocomposites with multiwalled carbon nanotubes. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.32354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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27
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Pavlova E, Slouf M, Sandova H, Baldrian J, Sikora A, Lednicky F, Masirek R, Piorkowska E. Nucleation of Polypropylene with Gold Nanoparticles. Part 1: Introduction of Sandwich Method for Evaluation of Very Weak Nucleation Activity. J MACROMOL SCI B 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00222340903546812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Pavlova
- a Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Heyrovsky Sq. 2 162 06, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Slouf
- a Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Heyrovsky Sq. 2 162 06, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Sandova
- a Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Heyrovsky Sq. 2 162 06, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Baldrian
- a Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Heyrovsky Sq. 2 162 06, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Antonin Sikora
- a Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Heyrovsky Sq. 2 162 06, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Lednicky
- a Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Heyrovsky Sq. 2 162 06, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Masirek
- a Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Heyrovsky Sq. 2 162 06, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ewa Piorkowska
- b Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences , Sienkiewicza 112, 90 630, Lodz, Poland
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28
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Supermolecular structure of wood/polypropylene composites: I. The influence of processing parameters and chemical treatment of the filler. Polym Bull (Berl) 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-009-0202-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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29
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Wang Y, Run M. Non-isothermal crystallization kinetic and compatibility of PTT/PP blends by using maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene as compatibilizer. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-009-9279-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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30
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Chen J, Cao Y, Li H. The effect of propyleneâethylene copolymers with different comonomer content on melting and crystallization behavior of polypropylene. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.31658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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31
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Zheng G, Yang W, Liu C, Yang M, Chen J, Li Q, Shen C. Transcrystallinity in a Polycarbonate(PC)/Polyethylene(PE) Blend Prepared by Gas-Assisted Injection Molding: A New Understanding of Its Formation Mechanism. J MACROMOL SCI B 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00222340802216020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Zheng
- a College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
- b College of Material Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Yang
- a College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
| | - Chuntai Liu
- b College of Material Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingbo Yang
- a College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
| | - Jingbo Chen
- b College of Material Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qian Li
- b College of Material Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, China
| | - Changyu Shen
- b College of Material Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, China
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Wu D, Sun Y, Wu L, Zhang M. Linear viscoelastic properties and crystallization behavior of multi-walled carbon nanotube/polypropylene composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Varga J. β-MODIFICATION OF ISOTACTIC POLYPROPYLENE: PREPARATION, STRUCTURE, PROCESSING, PROPERTIES, AND APPLICATION. J MACROMOL SCI B 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/mb-120013089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 608] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- József Varga
- a Department of Plastics and Rubber Technology , Budapest University of Technology and Economics , P.O. Box 92, Budapest, H-1521, Hungary
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35
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Static and shear induced crystallization of glass fiber reinforced poly(m-xylylene adipamide) with nucleating additives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.21288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Xiao Y, Zhang X, Cao W, Wang K, Tan H, Zhang Q, Du R, Fu Q. Dispersion and mechanical properties of polypropylene/multiwall carbon nanotubes composites obtained via dynamic packing injection molding. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.25852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Ellis G, Gómez MA, Marco C. Synchrotron Infrared Microscopy Study of the Crystalline Morphology of the Interphase in Polypropylene/LCP‐Fiber Model Composites. J MACROMOL SCI B 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/mb-120027758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Ellis
- a Departamento de Física e Ingeniería , Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, CSIC , Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 , Madrid , Spain
| | - M. A. Gómez
- a Departamento de Física e Ingeniería , Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, CSIC , Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 , Madrid , Spain
| | - C. Marco
- a Departamento de Física e Ingeniería , Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, CSIC , Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 , Madrid , Spain
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Torre J, Cortázar M, Gómez MA, Marco C, Ellis G, Riekel C, Dumas P. Nature of the Crystalline Interphase in Sheared IPP/Vectra Fiber Model Composites by Microfocus X-ray Diffraction and IR Microspectroscopy Using Synchrotron Radiation. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma060760f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Christian Riekel
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, B.P. 220, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Paul Dumas
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, B.P. 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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Kai W, Zhu B, He Y, Inoue Y. Crystallization of poly(butylene adipate) in the presence of nucleating agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.20523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Probst O, Moore EM, Resasco DE, Grady BP. Nucleation of polyvinyl alcohol crystallization by single-walled carbon nanotubes. POLYMER 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Huo H, Jiang S, An L, Feng J. Influence of Shear on Crystallization Behavior of the β Phase in Isotactic Polypropylene with β-Nucleating Agent. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0358531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
| | - Shichun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
| | - Lijia An
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
| | - Jiachun Feng
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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He C, Dong X, Zhang X, Wang D, Xu D. Morphology investigation of transcrystallinity at polyamide 66/aramid fiber interface. J Appl Polym Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/app.13500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Li ZM, Yang W, Li LB, Xie BH, Huang R, Yang MB. Morphology and nonisothermal crystallization ofin situ microfibrillar poly(ethylene terephthalate)/polypropylene blend fabricated through slit-extrusion, hot-stretch quenching. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.10660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Cho K, Kim D, Yoon S. Effect of Substrate Surface Energy on Transcrystalline Growth and Its Effect on Interfacial Adhesion of Semicrystalline Polymers. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma034597p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
| | - Dohwan Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
| | - Soong Yoon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
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Bhattacharyya AR, Sreekumar T, Liu T, Kumar S, Ericson LM, Hauge RH, Smalley RE. Crystallization and orientation studies in polypropylene/single wall carbon nanotube composite. POLYMER 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(03)00073-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 502] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Assouline E, Lustiger A, Barber AH, Cooper CA, Klein E, Wachtel E, Wagner HD. Nucleation ability of multiwall carbon nanotubes in polypropylene composites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.10394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Dweik H, Al-Jabareen A, Marom G, Assouline E. Thermal and chemical effects of nucleating agents on α, β, γ-polymorphism of isotactic polypropylene. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2003. [DOI: 10.1080/00914030304900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Mathieu C, Thierry A, Wittmann JC, Lotz B. Specificity and versatility of nucleating agents toward isotactic polypropylene crystal phases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.10309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Grady BP, Pompeo F, Shambaugh RL, Resasco DE. Nucleation of Polypropylene Crystallization by Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp014622y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian P. Grady
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019
| | - Francisco Pompeo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019
| | - Robert L. Shambaugh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019
| | - Daniel E. Resasco
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019
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Assouline E, Wachtel E, Grigull S, Lustiger A, Wagner HD, Marom G. Lamellar Orientation in Transcrystalline γ Isotactic Polypropylene Nucleated on Aramid Fibers. Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0114133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Assouline
- Casali Institute of Applied Chemistry, Edmond Safra Campus, Givat Ram, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; Department of Materials and Interfaces, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Chemical Services Unit, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; ESRF, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex, France; and ExxonMobil Research and Engineering, Route 22 East, Annandale, New Jersey 08801
| | - E. Wachtel
- Casali Institute of Applied Chemistry, Edmond Safra Campus, Givat Ram, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; Department of Materials and Interfaces, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Chemical Services Unit, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; ESRF, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex, France; and ExxonMobil Research and Engineering, Route 22 East, Annandale, New Jersey 08801
| | - S. Grigull
- Casali Institute of Applied Chemistry, Edmond Safra Campus, Givat Ram, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; Department of Materials and Interfaces, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Chemical Services Unit, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; ESRF, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex, France; and ExxonMobil Research and Engineering, Route 22 East, Annandale, New Jersey 08801
| | - A. Lustiger
- Casali Institute of Applied Chemistry, Edmond Safra Campus, Givat Ram, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; Department of Materials and Interfaces, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Chemical Services Unit, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; ESRF, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex, France; and ExxonMobil Research and Engineering, Route 22 East, Annandale, New Jersey 08801
| | - H. D. Wagner
- Casali Institute of Applied Chemistry, Edmond Safra Campus, Givat Ram, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; Department of Materials and Interfaces, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Chemical Services Unit, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; ESRF, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex, France; and ExxonMobil Research and Engineering, Route 22 East, Annandale, New Jersey 08801
| | - G. Marom
- Casali Institute of Applied Chemistry, Edmond Safra Campus, Givat Ram, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; Department of Materials and Interfaces, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Chemical Services Unit, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; ESRF, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex, France; and ExxonMobil Research and Engineering, Route 22 East, Annandale, New Jersey 08801
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