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Romeiro A, Teixeira C, Costa H, Coelho JFJ, Serra AC. Recycling Polyethylene/Polyamide Multilayer Films with Poly(isoprene- g-Maleic Anhydride) Compatibilizer. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1079. [PMID: 38674998 PMCID: PMC11053548 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymers generally form incompatible mixtures that make the process of recycling difficult, especially the mechanical recycling of mixed plastic waste. One of the most commonly used films in the packaging industry is multilayer films, mainly composed of polyethylene (PE) and polyamide (PA). Recycling these materials with such different molecular structures requires the use of compatibilizers to minimize phase separation and obtain more useful recycled materials. In this work, commercial polyisoprene-graft-maleic anhydride (PI-g-MA) was tested as a compatibilizer for a blend of PE and PA derived from the mechanical recycling of PE/PA multilayer films. Different amounts of PI-g-MA were tested, and the films made with 1.5% PI-g-MA showed the best results in terms of mechanical properties and dart impact. The films were also characterized thermally via thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and morphologically using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Other parameters, such as tearing and perforation, were analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Romeiro
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Mechanical Engineering Materials and Processes, ARISE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Rua Silvio Lima- Polo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.R.); (J.F.J.C.)
| | - Cidália Teixeira
- Componit, lda, Estrada Nacional 3 km 28.6, Vila Chã de Ourique, 2071-621 Santarém, Portugal;
| | - Henrique Costa
- Inventive Matl, Casal dos Eucaliptos, Casais Lagartos, 2070-389 Pontével, Portugal;
| | - Jorge F. J. Coelho
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Mechanical Engineering Materials and Processes, ARISE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Rua Silvio Lima- Polo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.R.); (J.F.J.C.)
| | - Arménio C. Serra
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Mechanical Engineering Materials and Processes, ARISE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Rua Silvio Lima- Polo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.R.); (J.F.J.C.)
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Chen J, Zhu J, Wu H, Guo S, Qiu J. Constructing highly aligned crystalline structure to enhance sliding wear performance of bulk polyamide 6. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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3
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Compatibilization of LDPE/PA6 by Using a LDPE Functionalized with a Maleinized Hyperbranched Polyester Polyol. Macromol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-020-8034-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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4
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Polyamide-6 structuration induced by a chemical reaction with a polyether triamine in the molten state. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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5
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Behnood A, Modiri Gharehveran M. Morphology, rheology, and physical properties of polymer-modified asphalt binders. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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6
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Yang W, Wang X, Li J, Yan X, Ge S, Tadakamalla S, Guo Z. Polyoxymethylene/ethylene butylacrylate copolymer/ethylene‐methyl acrylate‐glycidyl methacrylate ternary blends. POLYM ENG SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Yang
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringChongqing University of TechnologyChongqing400054 China
| | - Xuan‐Lun Wang
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringChongqing University of TechnologyChongqing400054 China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Integrated Composites Laboratory (ICL), Department of Chemical & Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of TennesseeKnoxville Tennessee37997
| | - Xingru Yan
- College of Chemical and Environmental EngineeringShandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266590 People's Republic of China
| | - Shengsong Ge
- Integrated Composites Laboratory (ICL), Department of Chemical & Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of TennesseeKnoxville Tennessee37997
| | - Sruthi Tadakamalla
- Engineered Multifunctional Composites (EMC) Nanotechnology LLCKnoxville Tennessee37934
| | - Zhanhu Guo
- College of Chemical and Environmental EngineeringShandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266590 People's Republic of China
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Effect of Acetate Group Content in Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer on Properties of Composite Based on Low Density Polyethylene and Polyamide-6. INT J POLYM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1155/2016/3149815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of the content of vinyl acetate groups in ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer on the properties of polymer composite based on low density polyethylene and polyamide-6 was studied. Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer containing less vinyl acetate groups (10–14 wt.%) has a positive compatibility effect on polymer composite than ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer containing 21–30 wt.% vinyl acetate groups. The polymer composites of LDPE, PA-6, and EVA containing 10–14 wt.% vinyl acetate groups possess the ability of biodegradation. The physical-mechanical properties of sample and molecular mass reduce after 28 days of incubation.
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Guo H, Wang J, Zhou C, Zhang W, Wang Z, Xu B, Li J, Shang Y, de Claville Christiansen J, Yu D, Wu Z, Jiang S. Direct investigations of deformation and yield induced structure transitions in polyamide 6 below glass transition temperature with WAXS and SAXS. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yilmaz S, Gul O, Yilmaz T. Effect of chain extender and terpolymers on tensile and fracture properties of polyamide 6. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kim D, Jung J, Park SI, Seo J. Preparation and characterization of LDPE/PVA blend films filled with glycerin-plasticized polyvinyl alcohol. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dowan Kim
- Department of Packaging; Yonsei University; 1 Yonseidae-gil Wonju Gangwon-do 220-710 Korea
| | - Jeyoung Jung
- Department of Packaging; Yonsei University; 1 Yonseidae-gil Wonju Gangwon-do 220-710 Korea
| | - Su-il Park
- Department of Packaging; Yonsei University; 1 Yonseidae-gil Wonju Gangwon-do 220-710 Korea
| | - Jongchul Seo
- Department of Packaging; Yonsei University; 1 Yonseidae-gil Wonju Gangwon-do 220-710 Korea
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Miskolczi N, Kucharczyk P, Sedlarik V, Szakacs H. Plastic waste minimization: Compatibilization of polypropylene/polyamide 6 blends by polyalkenyl-poly-maleic-anhydride-based agents. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Structural, morphological and mechanical characteristics of polyethylene, poly(lactic acid) and poly(ethylene-co-glycidyl methacrylate) blends. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-013-0126-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Vallim MR, Araujo JR, Spinacé MAS, De Paoli MA. Polyamide-6/high-density polyethylene blend using recycled high-density polyethylene as compatibilizer: Morphology, mechanical properties, and thermal stability. POLYM ENG SCI 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Lednický F, Šlouf M, Kratochvíl J, Baldrian J, Novotná D. Crystalline Character and Microhardness of Gamma‐Irradiated and Thermally Treated UHMWPE. J MACROMOL SCI B 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00222340701257778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Lednický
- a Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Prague
| | - M. Šlouf
- a Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Prague
| | - J. Kratochvíl
- a Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Prague
| | - J. Baldrian
- a Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Prague
| | - D. Novotná
- b Technical University of Liberec, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Material Science , Liberec
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Famulari A, Arosio P, Filippi S, Marazzato C, Magagnini P, Minkova L, Meille S. Clay‐induced Preferred Orientation in Polyethylene/Compatibilized Clay Nanocomposites. J MACROMOL SCI B 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00222340601158225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Famulari
- a Dipartimento di Chimica , Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica del Politecnico di Milano , Milano, Italy
| | - P. Arosio
- a Dipartimento di Chimica , Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica del Politecnico di Milano , Milano, Italy
| | - S. Filippi
- b Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica , Chimica Industriale e Scienza dei Materiali dell'Università degli Studi di Pisa , Pisa, Italy
| | - C. Marazzato
- b Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica , Chimica Industriale e Scienza dei Materiali dell'Università degli Studi di Pisa , Pisa, Italy
| | - P. Magagnini
- b Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica , Chimica Industriale e Scienza dei Materiali dell'Università degli Studi di Pisa , Pisa, Italy
| | - L. Minkova
- c Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - S.V. Meille
- a Dipartimento di Chimica , Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica del Politecnico di Milano , Milano, Italy
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Li M, Zhou S, You B, Wu L. Study on Acrylic Resin/Alumina Hybrid Materials Prepared by the Sol‐Gel Process. J MACROMOL SCI B 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/mb-200064772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingqi Li
- a Department of Materials Science , The Advanced Coatings Research Center of China Educational Ministry, Fudan University , Shanghai, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Shuxue Zhou
- a Department of Materials Science , The Advanced Coatings Research Center of China Educational Ministry, Fudan University , Shanghai, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Bo You
- a Department of Materials Science , The Advanced Coatings Research Center of China Educational Ministry, Fudan University , Shanghai, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Limin Wu
- a Department of Materials Science , The Advanced Coatings Research Center of China Educational Ministry, Fudan University , Shanghai, Peoples Republic of China
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Filippone G, Netti P, Acierno D. Microstructural evolutions of LDPE/PA6 blends by rheological and rheo-optical analyses: Influence of flow and compatibilizer on break-up and coalescence processes. POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Scaffaro R, Tzankova Dintcheva N, La Mantia F. On the effectiveness of different additives and concentrations on the re-building of the molecular structure of degraded polyethylene. Polym Degrad Stab 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2006.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Scaffaro R, Mistretta MC, La Mantia FP, Gleria M, Bertani R, Samperi F, Puglisi C. On the Preparation and Characterization of Polyethylene/Polyamide Blends by Melt Processing in the Presence of an Ethylene/Acrylic Acid Copolymer and of New Phosphazene Compounds. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200600332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Sub-micrometer polyamide droplets dispersed in polyethylene: Dimensional stability above the melting point of polyethylene. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Heterogeneous polyamide 66/syndiotactic polystyrene blends: Phase structure and thermal and mechanical properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/app.21496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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Kolařík J, Kruliš Z, Šlouf M, Fambri L. High-density polyethylene/cycloolefin copolymer blends. Part 1: Phase structure, dynamic mechanical, tensile, and impact properties. POLYM ENG SCI 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.20337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Polacco G, Stastna J, Biondi D, Antonelli F, Vlachovicova Z, Zanzotto L. Rheology of asphalts modified with glycidylmethacrylate functionalized polymers. J Colloid Interface Sci 2004; 280:366-73. [PMID: 15533409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2004.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2004] [Accepted: 08/04/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Asphalt is known to be a colloidal suspension in which asphaltenes are covered by a stabilizing phase of polar resins and form complex micelles that are dispersed in the oily maltenic phase. In order to enhance its mechanical properties (e.g., in road paving), asphalts are often loaded with polymeric materials, thereby obtaining blends that can have different physical or chemical structures, depending on the composition of the added polymer. Asphalts modified by the addition of reactive ethylene terpolymers were prepared and their dielectric and rheological properties were measured both before and after a cure at high temperature. Even if it is not possible to determine the exact nature of the chemical interactions between asphalt and polymer, master curves obtained from dynamic data clearly show that during the cure the material tends to the behavior of a cross-linked network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Polacco
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, Università di Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 2, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Lahor A, Nithitanakul M, Grady BP. Blends of low-density polyethylene with nylon compatibilized with a sodium-neutralized carboxylate ionomer. Eur Polym J 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2004.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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25
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Chiono V, Filippi S, Yordanov H, Minkova L, Magagnini P. Reactive compatibilizer precursors for LDPE/PA6 blends. III: ethylene–glycidylmethacrylate copolymer. POLYMER 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(03)00134-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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