1
|
Perin D, Dorigato A, Pegoretti A. Compatibilization of Polyamide 6/Cyclic Olefinic Copolymer Blends for the Development of Multifunctional Thermoplastic Composites with Self-Healing Capability. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1880. [PMID: 38673237 PMCID: PMC11052209 DOI: 10.3390/ma17081880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the self-healing properties of PA6/COC blends, in particular, the impact of three compatibilizers on the rheological, microstructural, and thermomechanical properties. Dynamic rheological analysis revealed that ethylene glycidyl methacrylate (E-GMA) played a crucial role in reducing interfacial tension and promoting PA6 chain entanglement with COC domains. Mechanical tests showed that poly(ethylene)-graft-maleic anhydride (PE-g-MAH) and polyolefin elastomer-graft-maleic anhydride (POE-g-MAH) compatibilizers enhanced elongation at break, while E-GMA had a milder effect. A thermal healing process at 140 °C for 1 h was carried out on specimens broken in fracture toughness tests, performed under quasi-static and impact conditions, and healing efficiency (HE) was evaluated as the ratio of critical stress intensity factors of healed and virgin samples. All the compatibilizers increased HE, especially E-GMA, achieving 28.5% and 68% in quasi-static and impact conditions, respectively. SEM images of specimens tested in quasi-static conditions showed that all the compatibilizers induced PA6 plasticization and crack corrugation, thus hindering COC flow in the crack zone. Conversely, under impact conditions, E-GMA led to the formation of brittle fractures with planar surfaces, promoting COC flow and thus higher HE values. This study demonstrated that compatibilizers, loading mode, and fracture surface morphologies strongly influenced self-healing performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Perin
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (A.D.); (A.P.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Application of low-grade recyclate to enhance reactive toughening of poly(ethylene terephthalate). Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
3
|
Effects of Poly(ethylene- co-glycidyl methacrylate) on the Microstructure, Thermal, Rheological, and Mechanical Properties of Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polyester Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12092124. [PMID: 32957630 PMCID: PMC7570049 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a series of thermotropic liquid crystalline polyester (TLCP)-based blends containing 1-30 wt% poly(ethylene-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (PEGMA) were fabricated by masterbatch-assisted melt-compounding. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed a uniformly dispersed microfibrillar structure for the TLCP component in cryogenically-fractured blends, without any phase-separated domains. The FT-IR spectra showed that the carbonyl stretching bands of TLCP/PEGMA blends shifted to higher wavenumbers, suggesting the presence of specific interactions and/or grafting reactions between carboxyl/hydroxyl groups of TLCP and glycidyl methacrylate groups of PEGMA. Accordingly, the melting and crystallization temperatures of the PEGMA component in the blends were greatly lowered compared to the TLCP component. The thermal decomposition peak temperatures of the PEGMA and TLCP components in the blends were characterized as higher than those of neat PEGMA and neat TLCP, respectively. From the rheological data collected at 300 °C, the shear moduli and complex viscosities for the blend with 30 wt% PEGMA were found to be much higher than those of neat PEGMA, which supports the existence of PEGMA-g-TLCP formed during the melt-compounding. The dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMA) analyses demonstrated that the storage moduli of the blends decreased slightly with the PEGMA content up to 3 wt%, increased at the PEGMA content of 5 wt%, and decreased again at PEGMA contents above 7 wt%. The maximum storage moduli for the blend with 5 wt% PEGMA are interpreted to be due to the reinforcing effect of PEGMA-g-TLCP copolymers.
Collapse
|
4
|
Properties of Styrene-Maleic Anhydride Copolymer Compatibilized Polyamide 66/Poly (Phenylene Ether) Blends: Effect of Blend Ratio and Compatibilizer Content. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13153400. [PMID: 32752006 PMCID: PMC7435725 DOI: 10.3390/ma13153400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Two different blend ratios of polyamide 66 (PA66) and poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether) (PPE) (60/40 and 40/60 w/w) were produced via melt mixing. A styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer (SMA) was utilized at various contents from 2.5-15 wt% to compatibilize the immiscible blend system. The influence of SMA content and blend ratio was investigated based on (thermo-) mechanical and morphological properties of the PA66/PPE blends. Correlations between the interaction of SMA with the blend partners were established. For 60/40 blends, a droplet-sea morphology was visualized by transmission electron microscopy, wherein no major changes were seen upon SMA addition. In the case of 40/60 blends, strong coalescence was found in the binary blend. Up to 5 wt% SMA, the coalescence was inhibited by the interfacial activity of SMA, whereas 10 wt% SMA initiated a disperse-to-co-continuous transition, which was completed at 15 wt% SMA. An enhancement of tensile properties was achieved for all blends possessing SMA, where the maximum concentration of 15 wt% resulted in the highest elongation at break and tensile strength values. The relative improvement of the tensile properties was higher with the PPE-rich blend (40/60) which was attributed to a partial emulsification of the PPE phases forming a bimodal PPE domain size distribution with nano-droplets in the range of 60-160 nm.
Collapse
|
5
|
Aksit A, Menzel T, Aksit M, Altstädt V. Properties of Styrene-Maleic Anhydride Copolymer Compatibilized Polyamide 66/Poly (Phenylene Ether) Blends: Effect of Maleic Anhydride Concentration and Copolymer Content. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13051237. [PMID: 32182876 PMCID: PMC7085104 DOI: 10.3390/ma13051237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Polyamide 66 (PA66)/poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether) (PPE) blends with a ratio of 50/50 (w/w) were produced by a twin-screw compounder. The immiscible blends were compatibilized using two different styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers (SMA) with a low (SMAlow) and a high (SMAhigh) maleic anhydride (MA) concentration of 8 and 25 wt%, respectively. Furthermore, the SMA content was varied from 0 to 10 wt%. The influence of MA concentration and SMA content on the morphological and thermomechanical properties of PA66/PPE blends was investigated. Herein, we established correlations between the interfacial activity of the SMA with blend morphology and corresponding tensile properties. A droplet-sea to co-continuous morphology transition was shown by scanning electron microscopy to occur between 1.25 and 5 wt% in the case of SMAhigh. For SMAlow, the transition started from 7.5 wt% and was still ongoing at 10 wt%. It was found that SMAlow with 10 wt% content enhanced the tensile strength (10%) and elongation at break (70%) of PA66/PPE blends. This improvement can be explained by the strong interfacial interaction of SMAlow within the blend system, which features the formation of nanoemulsion morphology, as shown by transmission electron microscopy. Very small interdomain distances hinder matrix deformations, which forces debonding and cohesive failure of the PPE phase as a "weaker" main deformation mechanism. Due to a lack of interfacial activity, the mechanical properties of the blends with SMAhigh were not improved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alper Aksit
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (A.A.); (T.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Teresa Menzel
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (A.A.); (T.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Merve Aksit
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (A.A.); (T.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Volker Altstädt
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (A.A.); (T.M.); (M.A.)
- Bavarian Polymer Institute and Bayreuth Institute of Macromolecular Research, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-921-55-7471
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Friction Welding for Functional Prototypes of PA6 and ABS with Al Powder Reinforcement. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES INDIA SECTION A-PHYSICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40010-020-00659-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
7
|
Sui X, Xie XM. Creating super-tough and strong PA6/ABS blends using multi-phase compatibilizers. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
8
|
Cosas Fernandes J, Castro L, Mareau V, Pessan L, Gonon L. New insights on the compatibilization of PA6/ABS blends: A co-localized AFM-Raman study. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
9
|
Xiong Y, Li H, Wang P, Liu P, Yan Y. Improved cell adhesion of poly(amino acid) surface by cyclic phosphonate modification for bone tissue engineering. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiong
- College of Physical Science and Technology; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Hong Li
- College of Physical Science and Technology; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Peng Wang
- Sichuan Guona Technology Company; Chengdu China
| | | | - Yonggang Yan
- College of Physical Science and Technology; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Aminjafari M, Entezam M, Sadeghi M, Masoumi M, Khonakdar HA, Jafari SH. Melt linear viscoelastic rheological analysis to assess the microstructure of polyamide 6-acrylonitrile butadiene styrene terpolymer immiscible blends via the application of fractional Zener and Coran models. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahboobeh Aminjafari
- Chemical Engineering Department; Isfahan University of Technology; P.O. Box 84156-83111 Isfahan Iran
| | - Mehdi Entezam
- Department of Chemical and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; Yazd University; Yazd 89195-741 Iran
| | - Morteza Sadeghi
- Chemical Engineering Department; Isfahan University of Technology; P.O. Box 84156-83111 Isfahan Iran
| | - Mahmood Masoumi
- Chemical Engineering Department; Isfahan University of Technology; P.O. Box 84156-83111 Isfahan Iran
| | - Hossein Ali Khonakdar
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute; P.O. Box 14965/115 Tehran Iran
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden; D-01067 Dresden Germany
| | - Seyed Hassan Jafari
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering; University of Tehran; P.O. Box 11155-4563 Tehran Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Compatibilization and toughening of co-continuous ternary blends via partially wet droplets at the interface. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.02.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
12
|
|
13
|
Druvari D, Koromilas ND, Lainioti GC, Bokias G, Vasilopoulos G, Vantarakis A, Baras I, Dourala N, Kallitsis JK. Polymeric Quaternary Ammonium-Containing Coatings with Potential Dual Contact-Based and Release-Based Antimicrobial Activity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:35593-35605. [PMID: 27976854 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, reactive blending of copolymers with complementary functional groups was applied to control their antimicrobial activity and antifouling action in real conditions. For this purpose, two series of copolymers, poly(4-vinylbenzyl chloride-co-acrylic acid), P(VBC-co-AAx), and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate-co-glycidyl methacrylate), P(SSNa-co-GMAx), were synthesized via free radical copolymerization and further modified by the incorporation of biocidal units either covalently (4-vinyl benzyl dimethylhexadecylammonium chloride, VBCHAM) or electrostatically bound (cetyltrimethylammonium 4-styrenesulfonate, SSAmC16). The cross-linking reaction of the carboxylic group of acrylic acid (AA) with the epoxide group of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) of these two series of reactive antimicrobial copolymers was explored in blends obtained through solution casting after curing at various temperatures. The combined results from the ATR-FTIR characterization of the membranes, solubility tests, turbidimetry, and TEM suggest that the reaction occurs already at 80 °C, leading mostly to graft samples, while at higher curing temperatures (120 or 150 °C) insoluble cross-linked samples are usually obtained. Controlled release experiments of selected membranes were performed in pure water and aqueous 1 M NaCl solutions for a period of two months. The released material was followed through gravimetry and TOC/TN measurements, while the evolution of the integrity and the morphology of the membranes were followed visually and through SEM, respectively. Antimicrobial tests also revealed that the cross-linked membranes presented strong antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Finally, a specific blend combination was applied on aquaculture nets and cured at 80 °C. The modified nets, emerged in the sea for 15 and 35 days, exhibited high antifouling action as compared to blank nets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Druvari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras , GR-26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Nikos D Koromilas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras , GR-26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Georgia Ch Lainioti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras , GR-26504, Patras, Greece
- FORTH/ICE-HT, Stadiou Street, P.O. Box 1414, GR-26504, Rio-Patras, Greece
| | - Georgios Bokias
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras , GR-26504, Patras, Greece
- FORTH/ICE-HT, Stadiou Street, P.O. Box 1414, GR-26504, Rio-Patras, Greece
| | - Gavriil Vasilopoulos
- Environmental Microbiology, Department of Public Health, Medical School, University of Patras , Patras, GR-26504, Greece
| | - Apostolos Vantarakis
- Environmental Microbiology, Department of Public Health, Medical School, University of Patras , Patras, GR-26504, Greece
| | - Ilias Baras
- SELONDA Aquaculture SA, 30 Navarchou Nikodimou Street, Athens, GR-10556, Greece
| | - Nancy Dourala
- SELONDA Aquaculture SA, 30 Navarchou Nikodimou Street, Athens, GR-10556, Greece
| | - Joannis K Kallitsis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras , GR-26504, Patras, Greece
- FORTH/ICE-HT, Stadiou Street, P.O. Box 1414, GR-26504, Rio-Patras, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Castro L, Oliveira A, Kersch M, Altstädt V, Pessan L. Effects of mixing protocol on morphology and properties of PA6/ABS blends compatibilized with MMA-MA. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L.D.C. Castro
- Department of Materials Engineering; Federal University of São Carlos; via Washington Luiz, Km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos SP Brazil
| | - A.D. Oliveira
- Department of Materials Engineering; Federal University of São Carlos; via Washington Luiz, Km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos SP Brazil
| | - M. Kersch
- Department of Polymer Engineering; Faculty of Engineering Science, University of Bayreuth; Bayreuth 95447 Germany
| | - V. Altstädt
- Department of Polymer Engineering; Faculty of Engineering Science, University of Bayreuth; Bayreuth 95447 Germany
| | - L.A. Pessan
- Department of Materials Engineering; Federal University of São Carlos; via Washington Luiz, Km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos SP Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Diop MF, Torkelson JM. Effects of process method and quiescent coarsening on dispersed-phase size distribution in polymer blends: comparison of solid-state shear pulverization with intensive batch melt mixing. Polym Bull (Berl) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-014-1299-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
16
|
Pawar SP, Bose S. Peculiar morphological transitions induced by nanoparticles in polymeric blends: retarded relaxation or altered interfacial tension? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:14470-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01644d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles of different shapes can induce peculiar morphologies in binary polymer blends depending on their position.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Suryasarathi Bose
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore-560012
- India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hemlata, Maiti SN. Mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties of nanotalc reinforced PA6/SEBS-g-MA composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hemlata
- Centre for Polymer Science and Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi; Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
| | - S. N. Maiti
- Centre for Polymer Science and Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi; Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yesil S. Effect of carbon nanotube reinforcement on the properties of the recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate)/poly(ethylene naphthalate) (r-PET/PEN) blends containing functional elastomers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2013.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
19
|
Fu Y, Song H, Zhou C, Zhang H, Sun S. Modification of the grafting character to prepare PA6/ABS-g-MA blends with higher toughness and stiffness. Polym Bull (Berl) 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-012-0879-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
20
|
Hatui G, Nayak GC, Das CK, Yadaw SB. Modification of MWCNT and its effect on ABS/LCP blend system. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
21
|
Isik-Gulsac I, Yilmazer U, Bayram G. Mechanical and rheological properties, and morphology of polyamide-6/organoclay/elastomer nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
22
|
Yan W, Qin S, Guo J, Zhang M, He M, Yu J. Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS)/Polyamide 6 (PA6) Nanocomposites Prepared via Melt Mixing. J MACROMOL SCI B 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2011.562113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan
- a National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymeric Materials , Guiyang, China
- b The Department of Chemistry and Materials , Guiyang University , Guiyang, China
| | - Shuhao Qin
- a National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymeric Materials , Guiyang, China
| | - Jianbing Guo
- a National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymeric Materials , Guiyang, China
| | - Minmin Zhang
- a National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymeric Materials , Guiyang, China
| | - Min He
- c The Materials and Metallugry College , Guizhou University , Guiyang, China
| | - Jie Yu
- a National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymeric Materials , Guiyang, China
- c The Materials and Metallugry College , Guizhou University , Guiyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Arsad A, Razak Rahm A, Hassan A, Nizam Iska S. Mechanical and Rheological Characterization of PA6 and ABS Blends-With and Without Short Glass Fiber. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/jas.2011.2313.2319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
24
|
Huang B, Li D, Li Z, Li X, Zhou W. Reactive compatibilization of PA 6/ABS blends by ethylene-acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate copolymer. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
25
|
Shulin S, Zhuo C, Lili S, Huixuan Z. Influence of epoxy resin on the properties of maleic anhydride functionalized acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer toughened polyamide 6 blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
26
|
Evolution of properties in ABS/PA6 blends compatibilized by fixed weight ratio SAGMA copolymer. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-010-9540-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
27
|
Mojarrad A, Jahani Y, Barikani M. Investigation on the correlation between rheology and morphology of PA6/ABS blends using ethylene acrylate terpolymer as compatibilizer. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
28
|
Xiang F, Wu J, Liu L, Huang T, Wang Y, Chen C, Peng Y, Jiang C, Zhou Z. Largely enhanced ductility of immiscible high density polyethylene/polyamide 6 blends via nano-bridge effect of functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
29
|
Becker D, Hage E, Pessan LA. Effects of addition of acrylic compatibilizer on the morphology and mechanical behavior of amorphous polyamide/SAN blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.31238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
30
|
Location of functionalized-TiO2 nanoparticle in an immiscible PP/PA6 blends and its effect on the compatibility of the components. Polym Bull (Berl) 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-009-0100-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
31
|
Wang Y, Wang W, Peng F, Liu M, Zhao Q, Fu PF. Morphology of nylon 1212 toughened with a maleated EPDM rubber. POLYM INT 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
32
|
Effect of reactive group types on the properties of core-shell modifiers toughened PA6. Polym Bull (Berl) 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-008-0971-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
33
|
Ren J, Wang H, Jian L, Zhang J, Yang S. Morphological, Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Compatibilized Nylon 6/ABS Blends. J MACROMOL SCI B 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00222340802119042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junfang Ren
- a State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication , Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou, P. R. China
- b Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Honggang Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication , Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lingqi Jian
- a State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication , Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Junyan Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication , Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shengrong Yang
- a State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication , Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Xu XY, Sun SL, Chen ZC, Zhang HX. Toughening of polyamide 6 with a maleic anhydride functionalized acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene copolymer. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.28238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
35
|
Prut EV, Zelenetskii AN. Chemical modification and blending of polymers in an extruder reactor. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2007. [DOI: 10.1070/rc2001v070n01abeh000624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
36
|
Bose S, Bhattacharyya AR, Kodgire PV, Misra A, Pötschke P. Rheology, morphology, and crystallization behavior of melt-mixed blends of polyamide6 and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene: Influence of reactive compatibilizer premixed with multiwall carbon nanotubes. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
37
|
Properties and preparation of compatibilized nylon 6 nanocomposites/ABS blends: Part II – Physical and thermal properties. Eur Polym J 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2007.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
38
|
Xue M, Yu Y, Sheng J, Chuah HH. Crystallization Behavior of Poly(Trimethylene Terephthalate)/Polycarbonate Blends. J MACROMOL SCI B 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/mb-200064805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei‐Ling Xue
- a Key Lab of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education , Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong‐Liang Yu
- a Key Lab of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education , Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Sheng
- b School of Material Science and Engineering , Tianjin University , Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hoe H. Chuah
- c Shell Chemical Company, Westhollow Technology Center , Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Xue M, Yu Y, Sheng J, H Chuah H, Geng C. Compatibilization of Poly(Trimethylene Terephthalate)/Polycarbonate Blends by Epoxy. Part 1. Miscibility and Morphology. J MACROMOL SCI B 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/mb-200056627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei‐Ling Xue
- a Key Lab of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education , Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Yong‐Liang Yu
- a Key Lab of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education , Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Jing Sheng
- b School of Material Science and Engineering , Tianjin University , Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Hoe H Chuah
- c Shell Chemical Company , Westhollow Technology Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chang‐Hua Geng
- b School of Material Science and Engineering , Tianjin University , Tianjin, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Uthaman RN, Pandurangan A, Majeed SA. Mechanical, thermal, and morphological characteristics of compatibilized and dynamically vulcanized polyoxymethylene/ethylene propylene diene terpolymer blends. POLYM ENG SCI 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.20777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
41
|
Jing B, Dai W, Liu P, Zhang P. Fracture toughness evaluation of K resin® grafted with maleic anhydride- compatibilized polyamide 6/K resin® blends. POLYM INT 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
42
|
Özkoç G, Bayram G, Quaedflieg M. Effects of microcompounding process parameters on the properties of ABS/polyamide-6 blends based nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
43
|
Ozkoc G, Bayram G, Bayramli E. Effects of olefin-based compatibilizers on the morphology, thermal and mechanical properties of ABS/polyamide-6 blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.25848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
44
|
Jose S, Francis B, Thomas S, Karger-Kocsis J. Morphology and mechanical properties of polyamide 12/polypropylene blends in presence and absence of reactive compatibiliser. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
45
|
Qiao J, Hamaya T, Okada T. New highly proton-conducting membrane poly(vinylpyrrolidone)(PVP) modified poly(vinyl alcohol)/2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (PVA–PAMPS) for low temperature direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
46
|
Bassani A, Hage Jr E, Pessan LA, Machado AV, Covas JA. Evolução da morfologia de fases de blendas PA6/AES em extrusora de dupla rosca e moldagem por injeção. POLIMEROS 2005. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-14282005000300007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A evolução da morfologia de fases em blendas não reativas e reativas de poliamida-6 com copolímero de acrilonitrila/EPDM/estireno (AES) em uma extrusora de rosca dupla co-rotacional foi investigada. A evolução da morfologia de fases ao longo da extrusora de rosca dupla foi monitorada através da coleta de pequenas amostras em válvulas no barril da extrusora e caracterização por microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET). Foram utilizados como compatibilizantes reativos os copolímeros metacrilato de metila-co-anidrido maleico (MMA-MA) e metacrilato de metila-co-metacrilato de glicidila (MMA-GMA). Os grupos anidrido maleico e epóxi nos copolímeros podem reagir com os grupos finais de cadeia da poliamida durante o processamento no estado fundido e melhorar a interação na interfase do sistema PA6/AES. A blenda PA6/AES não compatibilizada apresentou uma morfologia grosseira de fases onde a fase AES não está bem dispersa na matriz de PA6 devido à falta de interações adequadas entre os componentes da blenda. A adição do compatibilizante MMA-GMA não proporcionou boa dispersão de fases e não melhorou as propriedades mecânicas da blenda, provavelmente porque as possíveis reações no sistema são lentas e podem não ocorrer na extrusora. Por outro lado, a blenda compatibilizada com o copolímero MMA-MA apresentou uma excelente resistência ao impacto à temperatura ambiente e uma diminuição na temperatura de transição dúctil-frágil. As partículas de AES apresentam-se muito mais refinadas e sofrem uma redução significativa em seu tamanho já no início do processo de extrusão. A morfologia observada nas amostras injetadas apresentou uma boa correlação com as propriedades mecânicas obtidas.
Collapse
|
47
|
Wei Q, Chionna D, Pracella M. Reactive Compatibilization of PA6/LDPE Blends with Glycidyl Methacrylate Functionalized Polyolefins. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200400362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
48
|
Pracella M, Chionna D, Pawlak A, Galeski A. Reactive mixing of PET and PET/PP blends with glycidyl methacrylate-modified styrene-b-(ethylene-co-olefin) block copolymers. J Appl Polym Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/app.22413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
49
|
Effect of reactive compatibilization on the properties of poly(butylene terephthalate)/acrylonitrile-ethylene-propylene-diene-styrene blends. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.20416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
50
|
Sun SL, Tan ZY, Xu XF, Zhou C, Ao YH, Zhang HX. Toughening of nylon-6 with epoxy-functionalized acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.20453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|