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Saitta L, Rizzo G, Tosto C, Cicala G, Blanco I, Pergolizzi E, Ciobanu R, Recca G. Chemical Recycling of Fully Recyclable Bio-Epoxy Matrices and Reuse Strategies: A Cradle-to-Cradle Approach. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2809. [PMID: 37447455 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the epoxy resin market is expressing concerns about epoxy resins' non-recyclability, which can hinder their widespread use. Moreover, epoxy monomers are synthesized via petroleum-based raw materials, which also limits their use. So, it is crucial to find more environmentally friendly alternative solution for their formulation. Within this context, the aim of this paper is to exploit a Cradle-to-Cradle approach, which consists of remodeling and reshaping the productive cycle of consumer products to make sure that they can be infinitely reused rather than just being recycled with a downgrading of their properties or uses, according to the principle of the complete circular economy. Indeed, after starting with a fully-recyclable bio-based epoxy formulation and assessing its recyclability as having a process yield of 99%, we obtained a recycled polymer that could be reused, mixing with the same bio-based epoxy formulation with percentages varying from 15 wt% to 27 wt%. The formulation obtained was thoroughly characterized by a dynamic-mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and flexural tests. This approach had two advantages: (1) it represented a sustainable disposal route for the epoxy resin, with nearly all the epoxy resin recovered, and (2) the obtained recycled polymer could be used as a green component of the primary bio-based epoxy matrix. In the end, by using replicated general factorial designs (as statistical tools) combined with a proper optimization process, after carrying out a complete thermo-mechanical characterization of the developed epoxy formulations, the right percentage of recycled polymer content was selected with the aim of identifying the most performing epoxy matrix formulation in terms of its thermo-mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Saitta
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuliana Rizzo
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Claudio Tosto
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Gianluca Cicala
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95125 Catania, Italy
- INSTM-UDR CT, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Ignazio Blanco
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Eugenio Pergolizzi
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Romeo Ciobanu
- Electrical Engineering Faculty, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Dimitrie Mangeron Bd. 67, 700050 Iasi, Romania
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2
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Viscous, damping, and mechanical properties of epoxy asphalt adhesives containing different penetration-grade asphalts. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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3
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Zhang QP, Xia XC, He S, Feng JM, Yang MB, Li YT, Zhou YL. Description of second flow field via the deformation of polystyrene phase in high-density polyethylene matrix. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quan-Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Nonmetal Composites and Functional Materials; Southwest University of Science and Technology; Mianyang 621010 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Chao Xia
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Shan He
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Min Feng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Bo Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Yin-Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Nonmetal Composites and Functional Materials; Southwest University of Science and Technology; Mianyang 621010 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Nonmetal Composites and Functional Materials; Southwest University of Science and Technology; Mianyang 621010 People's Republic of China
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4
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Chen W, Yang H, Zou H, Liu P. Compatibilized the thermosetting blend of epoxy and redistributed low molecular weight poly(phenylene oxide) with triallylisocyanurate. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Hongli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Huawei Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Pengbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
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Kim DK, Kim KW, Han W, Kwac LK, Kim BJ. Studies on Cure Kinetics and Thermal Stability of Epoxy/Nylon 6 Blend. APPLIED CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERING 2015. [DOI: 10.14478/ace.2015.1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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6
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Rusli A, Cook WD, Schiller TL. Blends of epoxy resins and polyphenylene oxide as processing aids and toughening agents 2: Curing kinetics, rheology, structure and properties. POLYM INT 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arjulizan Rusli
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering; Universiti Sains Malaysia; 14300 Nibong Tebal Pulau Pinang Malaysia
- Department of Materials Engineering; Monash University; Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Wayne D Cook
- Department of Materials Engineering; Monash University; Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Tara L Schiller
- Department of Materials Engineering; Monash University; Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
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7
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Rusli A, Cook WD, Saito K. Allylic monomers as reactive plasticizers of polyphenylene oxide. Part III – Rheological and mechanical properties. Eur Polym J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Investigation of Cure Reaction, Rheology, Volume Shrinkage and Thermomechanical Properties of Nano-TiO2 Filled Epoxy/DDS Composites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/183463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The cure reaction, rheology, volume shrinkage, and thermomechanical behavior of epoxy-TiO2 nanocomposites based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A cured with 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone have been investigated. The FTIR results show that, at the initial curing stage, TiO2 acts as a catalyst and facilitates the curing. The catalytic effect of TiO2 was further confirmed by the decrease in maximum exothermal peak temperature (DSC results); however, it was also found that the addition of TiO2 decreases the overall degree of cure, as evidenced by lower total heat of reaction of the cured composites compared to neat epoxy. The importance of cure rheology in the microstructure formation during curing was explored by using rheometry. From the PVT studies, it was found that TiO2 decreases the volume shrinkage behavior of the epoxy matrix. The mechanical properties of the cured epoxy composites, such as tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, impact strength, and fracture toughness of the polymer composites, were examined. The nanocomposites exhibited good improvement in dimensional, thermal, and mechanical properties with respect to neat cross-linked epoxy system. FESEM micrographs of fractured surfaces were examined to understand the toughening mechanism.
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Rusli A, Cook WD, Schiller TL, Saito K. Blends of epoxy-amine resins with poly(phenylene oxide) as processing aids and toughening agents: I. Uncured systems. POLYM INT 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arjulizan Rusli
- School of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering; Universiti Sains Malaysia; 14300 Nibong Tebal Pulau Pinang Malaysia
- Department of Materials Engineering; Monash University; Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Wayne D Cook
- Department of Materials Engineering; Monash University; Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Tara L Schiller
- Department of Materials Engineering; Monash University; Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Kei Saito
- School of Chemistry; Monash University; Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia
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Rico M, López J, Montero B, Bellas R. Phase separation and morphology development in a thermoplastic-modified toughened epoxy. Eur Polym J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2012.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Yuan L, Gu A, Nutt S, Wu J, Lin C, Chen F, Liang G. Novel polyphenylene oxide microcapsules filled with epoxy resins. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Yuan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P.R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Aijuan Gu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P.R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Steven Nutt
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
| | - Jianyuan Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P.R. China
| | - Chao Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P.R. China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P.R. China
| | - Guozheng Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P.R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
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12
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Liang GG, Cook WD, Tcharkhtchi A, Sautereau H. Epoxy as a reactive plasticizer for improving polycarbonate processibility. Eur Polym J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2011.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Jyotishkumar P, Özdilek C, Moldenaers P, Sinturel C, Janke A, Pionteck J, Thomas S. Dynamics of Phase Separation in Poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene)-Modified Epoxy/DDS System: Kinetics and Viscoelastic Effects. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:13271-81. [DOI: 10.1021/jp101661t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Jyotishkumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Catholic University of Leuven, de Croylaan, 46, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium; Centre de Recherche sur la Matière Divisée, UMR 6619 CNRS Université d’Orléans, 1 B Rue de la Férollerie, FR 45071, Orléans Cedex 2, France; Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Str 6, DE 01069, Dresden, Germany; and Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi
| | - Ceren Özdilek
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Catholic University of Leuven, de Croylaan, 46, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium; Centre de Recherche sur la Matière Divisée, UMR 6619 CNRS Université d’Orléans, 1 B Rue de la Férollerie, FR 45071, Orléans Cedex 2, France; Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Str 6, DE 01069, Dresden, Germany; and Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi
| | - Paula Moldenaers
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Catholic University of Leuven, de Croylaan, 46, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium; Centre de Recherche sur la Matière Divisée, UMR 6619 CNRS Université d’Orléans, 1 B Rue de la Férollerie, FR 45071, Orléans Cedex 2, France; Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Str 6, DE 01069, Dresden, Germany; and Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi
| | - Christophe Sinturel
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Catholic University of Leuven, de Croylaan, 46, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium; Centre de Recherche sur la Matière Divisée, UMR 6619 CNRS Université d’Orléans, 1 B Rue de la Férollerie, FR 45071, Orléans Cedex 2, France; Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Str 6, DE 01069, Dresden, Germany; and Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi
| | - Andreas Janke
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Catholic University of Leuven, de Croylaan, 46, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium; Centre de Recherche sur la Matière Divisée, UMR 6619 CNRS Université d’Orléans, 1 B Rue de la Férollerie, FR 45071, Orléans Cedex 2, France; Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Str 6, DE 01069, Dresden, Germany; and Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi
| | - Jürgen Pionteck
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Catholic University of Leuven, de Croylaan, 46, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium; Centre de Recherche sur la Matière Divisée, UMR 6619 CNRS Université d’Orléans, 1 B Rue de la Férollerie, FR 45071, Orléans Cedex 2, France; Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Str 6, DE 01069, Dresden, Germany; and Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi
| | - Sabu Thomas
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Catholic University of Leuven, de Croylaan, 46, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium; Centre de Recherche sur la Matière Divisée, UMR 6619 CNRS Université d’Orléans, 1 B Rue de la Férollerie, FR 45071, Orléans Cedex 2, France; Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Str 6, DE 01069, Dresden, Germany; and Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi
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Gan W, Xiong W, Yu Y, Li S. Effects of the molecular weight of poly(ether imide) on the viscoelastic phase separation of poly(ether imide)/epoxy blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.30897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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15
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Fonseca GE, Dubé MA, Penlidis A. A Critical Overview of Sensors for Monitoring Polymerizations. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.200900024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Zhan G, Hu S, Yu Y, Li S, Tang X. The study on poly(ether sulfone) modified cyanate ester resin and epoxy resin cocuring blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.29867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Fine T, Pascault JP. Structured Thermoplastic/Thermoset Blends Using Block Copolymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.200651352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Cure process and reaction-induced phase separation in a diepoxy–diamine/PMMA blend. Monitoring by steady-state fluorescence and FT-IR (near and medium range). Colloid Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-005-1434-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Tercjak A, Serrano E, Remiro PM, Mondragon I. Viscoelastic behavior of thermosetting epoxy mixtures modified with syndiotactic polystyrene during network formation. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.23061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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20
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Evidence for spatial heterogeneities observed by frequency dependent dielectric and mechanical measurements in vinyl/dimethacrylate systems. POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.10.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Swier S, Van Assche G, Vuchelen W, Van Mele B. Role of Complex Formation in the Polymerization Kinetics of Modified Epoxy−Amine Systems. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma047796x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Swier
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Science−FYSC (TW), Vrije Universiteit Brussel−VUB, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guy Van Assche
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Science−FYSC (TW), Vrije Universiteit Brussel−VUB, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wendy Vuchelen
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Science−FYSC (TW), Vrije Universiteit Brussel−VUB, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bruno Van Mele
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Science−FYSC (TW), Vrije Universiteit Brussel−VUB, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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22
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Development of co-continuous morphology in epoxy poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) blends cured by mixtures of phase-separating and non-phase-separating curing agents. Colloid Polym Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-004-1110-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Prolongo SG, Cabanelas JC, Fine T, Pascault JP. Poly(phenylene ether)/epoxy thermoset blends based on anionic polymerization of epoxy monomer. J Appl Polym Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/app.20836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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24
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Gan W, Yu Y, Wang M, Tao Q, Li S. Viscoelastic Effects on the Phase Separation in Thermoplastics-Modified Epoxy Resin. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma034649a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Gan
- Department of Macromolecular Science and The Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymer, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yingfeng Yu
- Department of Macromolecular Science and The Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymer, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Minghai Wang
- Department of Macromolecular Science and The Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymer, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qingsheng Tao
- Department of Macromolecular Science and The Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymer, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shanjun Li
- Department of Macromolecular Science and The Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymer, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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25
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In situ detection of the onset of phase separation and gelation in epoxy/anhydride/thermoplastic blends. Macromol Res 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03218363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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26
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Kulshreshtha B, Ghosh AK, Misra A. Crystallization kinetics and morphological behavior of reactively processed PBT/epoxy blends. POLYMER 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(03)00347-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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27
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In situ monitoring of reaction-induced phase separation with modulated temperature DSC: comparison between high-Tg and low-Tg modifiers. POLYMER 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(03)00138-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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29
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Zvetkov V. Comparative DSC kinetics of the reaction of DGEBA with aromatic diamines. II. Isothermal kinetic study of the reaction of DGEBA with m -phenylene diamine. POLYMER 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(01)00695-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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30
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Lestriez B, Chapel JP, Gérard JF. Gradient Interphase between Reactive Epoxy and Glassy Thermoplastic from Dissolution Process, Reaction Kinetics, and Phase Separation Thermodynamics. Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0012189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Lestriez
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Macromoléculaires-UMR CNRS 5627, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, 20, Avenue A. Einstein, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, and Laboratoire des Matériaux Polymères et Biomatériaux-UMR CNRS 5627, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Bât 303, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Paul Chapel
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Macromoléculaires-UMR CNRS 5627, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, 20, Avenue A. Einstein, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, and Laboratoire des Matériaux Polymères et Biomatériaux-UMR CNRS 5627, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Bât 303, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Jean-François Gérard
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Macromoléculaires-UMR CNRS 5627, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, 20, Avenue A. Einstein, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, and Laboratoire des Matériaux Polymères et Biomatériaux-UMR CNRS 5627, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Bât 303, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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Bonnet A, Lestriez B, Pascault JP, Sautereau H. Intractable high-Tg thermoplastics processed with epoxy resin: Interfacial adhesion and mechanical properties of the cured blends. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0488(20010201)39:3<363::aid-polb1008>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Bonnet A, Pascault JP, Sautereau H, Rogozinski J, Kranbuehl D. Epoxy-Diamine Thermoset/Thermoplastic Blends: Dielectric Properties before, during, and after Phase Separation. Macromolecules 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ma991363q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bonnet A, Pascault JP, Sautereau H, Camberlin Y. Epoxy−Diamine Thermoset/Thermoplastic Blends. 2. Rheological Behavior before and after Phase Separation. Macromolecules 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ma981755h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Bonnet
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Macromoléculaires-UMR CNRS 5627, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, 20, Avenue A. Einstein, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - J. P. Pascault
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Macromoléculaires-UMR CNRS 5627, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, 20, Avenue A. Einstein, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - H. Sautereau
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Macromoléculaires-UMR CNRS 5627, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, 20, Avenue A. Einstein, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Y. Camberlin
- Institut Français du Pétrole-Industrial Research and Development Center BP 3, 69390 Vernaison, France
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