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Mimenza-Alvarado AJ, Bombón-Albán P, Duarte-Flores JO, Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez L, Ávila-Funes JA, Aguilar-Navarro SG. Five-Word Test, Screening of Mixed Dementia in Older Adults. Validation Study. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSIQUIATRIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2021; 52:S0034-7450(21)00085-8. [PMID: 34226035 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The prevalence of mixed dementia (MixD), defined as the coexistence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD), is likely to increase as the population ages. The five-word test (5WT) is a neuropsychological test that differentiates between major and mild neurocognitive disorder (NCD). The objective of the study is to validate 5WT for the detection of MixD. METHODS 230 participants were evaluated: cognitively healthy (CH) (n=70), mild NCD (n=70), and major NCD (n=90): AD (n=30), VaD (n=30), and MixD (n=30). The Spearman's coefficient, d Sommer and ROC curves were used to determine the construct validity of the 5WT. The linear regression model was performed to determine the association between age and education with 5WT performance. RESULTS The mean age was 79 ±7.7 years (P≤.001), 58% were female (P=.252), and the mean education was 9 ±5.3 years (P≤.001). Construct validity when comparing 5WT and MMSE was: Spearman's correlation ρ=.830 (P<.001) and d Sommer=.41 (P<.001). The area under the curve in the total weighted score (TWS) for MixD was .985, with 98% sensitivity (95%CI, 0.96-1.00) and 99% specificity (95%CI, 0.94-1.00), PPV of 88% (95%CI, 0.82-0.89), NPV of 100% (95%CI, 0.96-1.00), and cut-off point ≤16/20 (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS 5WT is a rapid test with neuropsychological validation for the exploration of cognitive characteristics in major NCD type MixD, regardless of age and education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto J Mimenza-Alvarado
- Departamento de Geriatría, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Paulina Bombón-Albán
- Departamento de Geriatría, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - J Octavio Duarte-Flores
- Departamento de Geriatría, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Lidia Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Neurología y Psiquiatría, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - J Alberto Ávila-Funes
- Departamento de Geriatría, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México; Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Inserm, UMR 1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sara G Aguilar-Navarro
- Departamento de Geriatría, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México.
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Bouattour N, Farhat N, Hadjkacem H, Hdiji O, Sakka S, Dammak M, Mhiri C. Étalonnage du test des cinq mots dans une population tunisienne de sujets sains. Pan Afr Med J 2019; 34:58. [PMID: 31762923 PMCID: PMC6859059 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2019.34.58.14472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Le test des 5 mots (T5M) est un test de mémoire permettant d’explorer la mémoire verbale épisodique. Il évalue la mémoire des sujets ayant une plainte mnésique, en particulier dans le cadre du diagnostic de la maladie d’Alzheimer où il se révèle sensible et spécifique. L’objectif de notre travail est d’étudier l’effet des différents paramètres sociodémographiques sur les performances, d’établir des normes adaptées à la population tunisienne et de comparer nos résultats aux études précédentes. Méthodes Nous rapportons l’étalonnage du T5M chez 315 sujets normaux âgés de 40 à 90 ans (169 hommes, 146 femmes), répartis en quatre tranches d’âges (40-49, 50-59, 60-69 et ≥ 70 ans) et trois niveaux éducatifs (I: primaire, II: secondaire et III: supérieur). Nous avons calculé la moyenne avec écart type pour les différents scores: Score Total (ST), Score Total Pondéré (STP), Rappel Différé Libre (RDL), Total Rappels Différés (TRD) et le Total Rappels Libres (TRL). Résultats L’âge moyen était de 57.29 ans (±11.02). Nous avons constaté que les performances étaient meilleures chez sujets les plus jeunes et les mieux éduqués, sans différence significative entre les deux sexes. Les normes étaient calculées en fonction de l’âge et du niveau éducatif. Conclusion Le T5M permet un dépistage rapide des patients chez qui une évaluation neuropsychologique complémentaire est souhaitable pour poser le diagnostic d’un trouble cognitif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bouattour
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Nouha Farhat
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Hanen Hadjkacem
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Olfa Hdiji
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Salma Sakka
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Mariem Dammak
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Chokri Mhiri
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisie
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Guinto CO, Coulibaly T, Koné Z, Coulibaly S, Maiga B, Dembélé K, Cissé L, Konaté M, Coulibaly T, Sissoko AS, Karambé M, Burnett B, Landouré G, Traoré M. Socio-cultural adaptation and standardization of Dubois' five words testing in a population of normal subject in Mali, West Africa. eNeurologicalSci 2016; 3:60-63. [PMID: 29430538 PMCID: PMC5803075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensci.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dubois' five words testing (5WT) is a verbal memory test that depends on many parameters. The aim of this study is to adapt Dubois' 5WT to the Malian socio-cultural conditions to (i) determine performances of normal subjects to the 5WT and (ii) provide reference scores of the 5WT. Methods A sample of 276 normal subjects aged ≥ 50 years (154 males and 122 females; 144 literates and 132 illiterates) were enrolled from February 2008 to January 2009. Subjects with a history of symptoms likely to modify cognitive functions and those who were found disabled under Lawton's four simplified item test were excluded. Results The learning score in illiterates was 1.51 in Dubois' 5WT and 4.90 in the modified 5WT. The mean value of the modified 5WT total score was 9.71. Majority (90.22%) of the subjects scored the maximum (10). The modified 5WT reduced with both the age (p < 0.006) and education level (p < 0.04). Conclusion Our results show that Dubois' 5WT is influenced by culture and the socio-educative level in French. Its adaptation to the socio-cultural context could prove useful and efficient in countries with a low literacy rate and a diverse cultural background. Dubois' 5WT is influenced by culture and the socio-educative level in French. Modified 5WT according to local socio-cultural realities improves performances. Our modified 5WT could be used in other countries to better diagnose AD. Future studies including patients and normal controls will elucidate our hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheick O Guinto
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire du Point "G", Bamako, Mali
| | - Toumany Coulibaly
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire du Point "G", Bamako, Mali
| | - Zeinab Koné
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire du Point "G", Bamako, Mali
| | - Souleymane Coulibaly
- Direction Nationale de l'Alphabetisation Fonctionnelle et de la Linguistique Appliquée, Ministère de l'Education de Base, Mali
| | - Boubacar Maiga
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire du Point "G", Bamako, Mali
| | - Kekouta Dembélé
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire du Point "G", Bamako, Mali
| | - Lassana Cissé
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire du Point "G", Bamako, Mali
| | - Mamadou Konaté
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire du Point "G", Bamako, Mali
| | - Thomas Coulibaly
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire du Point "G", Bamako, Mali
| | - Adama S Sissoko
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire du Point "G", Bamako, Mali
| | - Mamadou Karambé
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire du Point "G", Bamako, Mali
| | - Barrington Burnett
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Guida Landouré
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire du Point "G", Bamako, Mali
| | - Moussa Traoré
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire du Point "G", Bamako, Mali
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Meyer IA, Wintermark M, Démonet JF, Michel P. CTP in Transient Global Amnesia: A Single-Center Experience of 30 Patients. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2015; 36:1830-3. [PMID: 26045576 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Medial temporal lobe abnormalities on DWI and functional imaging are occasionally observed in patients with transient global amnesia. We used CTP to study these patients during or briefly after resolution of their amnesic syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS From 2002 onward, patients satisfying clinical criteria for transient global amnesia who underwent CTP were included. Patients with additional clinical features suggesting transient ischemic attack or stroke and those with an ischemic lesion on subsequent DWI were excluded. If deemed necessary by the clinician, DWI was performed within 10 days. RESULTS Thirty patients with transient global amnesia underwent CTP at a median latency of 5.9 hours (interquartile range, 4.3-9.7 hours) after symptom onset. All findings, except for those in 1 patient, were normal, including those in the 14 patients with well-imaged hippocampi. In the patient with abnormal findings, CTP and PWI showed hypoperfusion in both lentiform nuclei extending into the insulae, with normalization on the repeat CTP 6 days later. In 10 patients, DWI was performed at a median latency of 2 days (interquartile range, 0-9 days). Of these, 2 showed punctate hippocampal lesions, often seen in transient global amnesia. In 2 patients excluded because of mildly atypical transient global amnesia and ischemic lesions on subsequent DWI, acute CTP findings were also normal. CONCLUSIONS Patients with transient global amnesia had normal CTP findings in the acute phase with the exception of 1 patient with transient hypoperfusion in both basal ganglia. If imaging is performed for typical and atypical transient global amnesia, DWI should be the preferred method.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Meyer
- From the Neurology Service (I.A.M., P.M.)
| | - M Wintermark
- Department of Radiology (M.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - J-F Démonet
- the Leenaards Memory Center (J.-F.D.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Michel
- From the Neurology Service (I.A.M., P.M.)
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Mormont E, Jamart J, Robaye L. Validity of the five-word test for the evaluation of verbal episodic memory and dementia in a memory clinic setting. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2012; 25:78-84. [PMID: 22689699 DOI: 10.1177/0891988712445088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The five-word test (FWT) uses semantic clues to optimize the encoding and retrieval of 5 items. Our objective was to assess the validity of the FWT as a measure of episodic memory when compared with the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT), and its ability to distinguish participants with any dementia and especially Alzheimer disease (AD) from those with only subjective complaints. METHODS Two hundred participants with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) >15 were prospectively evaluated. The sum of the immediate and delayed free recalls of the FWT is called the free recall score (FRS). The sum of the immediate free, immediate cued, delayed free, and delayed cued recalls is called the total recall score (TRS). A total weighted score (TWS) is calculated using this formula: (free recalls × 2) + cued recalls. RESULTS The correlation between FRS and the free recall scores of the FCSRT and between TRS and the total recall scores of the FCSRT was significant (r (s) ranges from .74-.84, P < .001). Area under the receiver--operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the MMSE, FRS, TRS, and TWS were not statistically different. A TWS at a cutoff value ≤15 could discriminate any dementia from subjective complaints with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 95.9% or AD from subjective complaints with a sensitivity of 90.2% and a specificity of 95.9%. CONCLUSION The FWT is a valid test of verbal episodic memory. It is useful to discriminate dementia especially AD from isolated subjective complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Mormont
- Department of Neurology, CHU Mont-Godinne, Yvoir, Belgium.
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Bourgeat F, Borg C, Bedoin N, Convers P, Billard S, Royer A, Grosselin A, Bellot C, Thomas-Antérion C. Explicit and implicit emotional processing modifications in pharmacoresistant left temporal lobe epilepsy and anxiodepressive disorders. Epilepsy Behav 2011; 21:367-72. [PMID: 21742561 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We examined whether anxiodepressive patients with left temporal lobe epilepsy could be differentiated from those with depression but without epilepsy on tasks that investigate attentional bias toward and explicit judgment of emotional stimuli. Eight depressive patients, eight anxiodepressive patients with epilepsy, and eight controls participated in the present study. Anxiodepressive with epilepsy and depressive patients had comparable depression scores and the same cognitive profile. Two distinct emotional tasks were used: the decision lexical task and the number comparison task. Three emotional connotations were presented: neutral, positive, and negative. The pattern of results showed an attentional bias toward negative words and pictures in depressive patients and only toward negative words in anxiodepressive patients with epilepsy. Moreover, depressive patients explicitly judged negative stimuli with lower intensity and anxiodepressive patients judged neutral stimuli with higher intensity. The present study specifies the emotional functioning in depression with or without left temporal lobe epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Bourgeat
- Unité de Neuropsychologie, CM2R, Service de Neurologie, CHU Nord, Saint-Etienne, France.
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Croisile B, Astier JL, Beaumont C, Mollion H. [The 5-word test in 37 depressed patients compared with 36 normal controls and 35 patients with mild Alzheimer's disease]. Encephale 2011; 37:127-32. [PMID: 21482230 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with major depression (MD) express frequent memory complaints leading to consultations in memory clinics. The 5-word test (5WT) is a verbal memory test with semantic cueing, which has shown its sensitivity and its specificity in identifying patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our objective was to evaluate memory performances of aged patients with MD compared with controls and AD patients. METHODS Characteristics of the 5WT were investigated in a sample of 37 patients with MD (66.8±7.5 years) compared with 36 normal controls (67.3±6.8 years) and 35 mild AD patients (67.5±6.1 years). RESULTS Duration of depression was 15.3±11.5 years. Memory complaints of MD patients were ancient (4.6±5.5 years) and severe (McNair memory questionnaire=47.6±20.7). The Total score of MD patients did not differ from controls but was greater than those of AD patients. Learning and Memory scores of MD patients were significantly lower than those of controls and significantly greater than those of AD patients. Forgetting rate between Learning and Memory scores was more important in AD (72.4%) than in controls (2.8%) and MD (13.6%). No intrusions were recorded in controls, three MD patients each made one intrusion, whereas 80% of AD patients made between one to six intrusions (mainly during cued delayed recall). Receiver operating characteristic curves determined the most significant cut-off scores of the Total score. It appeared easy to discriminate AD patients from controls (cut-off=9, sensitivity=94.3%, specificity=100%) or MD patients (cut-off=8, sensitivity=88.5%, specificity=89.2%) whereas it was more difficult to discriminate MD patients from controls (cut-off=10, specificity=88.9%, sensitivity=37.8%). DISCUSSION MD patients had significant difficulties with the 5WT as compared to controls, without being of the magnitude of those observed in AD patients. CONCLUSION The 5WT allows a reliable evaluation of memory in MD patients. The presence of true memory deficits with the 5WT could not be ascribed to depression but to other pathological conditions. Consequently, further memory testing should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Croisile
- Service de neuropsychologie, centre mémoire de ressources et de recherche de Lyon, hôpital neurologique, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69677 Bron cedex, France.
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Kesse-Guyot E, Péneau S, Ferry M, Jeandel C, Hercberg S, Galan P. Thirteen-year prospective study between fish consumption, long-chain n-3 fatty acids intakes and cognitive function. J Nutr Health Aging 2011; 15:115-20. [PMID: 21365164 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-011-0023-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Because of their structural, anti-inflammatory and antithrombic properties, long-chain n-3 fatty acids may be key factors in the aging process. We sought to elucidate the association between intake of long-chain n-3 fatty acids and/or fish and cognitive function evaluated 13 years after dietary assessment. DESIGN Prospective population-based study. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING 3,294 adults from the SU.VI.MAX study (Supplementation with Antioxidant Vitamins and Minerals study). MEASUREMENTS/STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Subjects underwent a standardized clinical examination which included cognitive tests and self-reported cognitive difficulties scale (2007-2009). Poor scores were defined using percentiles as cut-off. Dietary data were assessed through repeated 24-h dietary records. Odd ratio (OR), comparing the fourth (Q4) to the first quartile (Q1), of having a poor score were calculated using adjusted logistic regression. RESULTS Self-reported cognitive difficulties were less frequent among subjects with higher intakes of total n-3 long chain fatty acids (OR = 0.72, CI 95%=0.56-0.92) and eicosapentaenoic acid (OR Q4 versus Q1 = 0.74, CI 95%=0.58-0.95), even after adjustment for depressive symptoms. A borderline significant association was also found with high fish consumption (OR Q4 versus Q1 = 0.80, CI 95%=0.63-1.01). CONCLUSION Cognitive complaints, which may be an early indicator of cognitive decline, are less frequent among the elderly who have a high long-chain n-3 acids intake, as assessed 13 years earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kesse-Guyot
- INSERM U557, INRA U1125, CNAM, PARIS 13, Human Nutrition Research Center of Ile de France, UFR SMBH Paris 13, SMBH, Bobigny, France.
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Croisile B, Astier JL, Beaumont C, Mollion H. Le Test des cinq mots dans les formes légères de maladie d’Alzheimer : comparaison du score total, du Score Total Pondéré, du Score d’apprentissage et du Score de mémoire dans trois classes d’âge (60 ans, 70 ans, 80 ans). Rev Neurol (Paris) 2010; 166:711-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2010.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2009] [Revised: 02/07/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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[Comparative norms of RAPID neuropsychological battery tests for subjects aged between 50 and 89 years]. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2010; 166:606-14. [PMID: 20117809 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2009.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Revised: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION RAPID, a battery of rapid neuropsychological tests, includes neuropsychological tests calibrated for different populations according to diverse methodologies. This makes the comparison and interpretation of the results difficult. The aim of this study was to build comparative norms for the RAPID battery using a single methodology in a unique population. POPULATION AND METHODS The RAPID Battery includes nine different tests: the Memory Impairment Screen, the Isaacs Set Test, the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Free and Cued Recall Test, the Trail Making Test, a test for copying geometric figures as part of the BEC 96, a test for verbally naming images and a test for matching categories. A cohort of 476 subjects aged 50 to 89 were randomly selected from the medical records of 11 practitioners. RESULTS The norms were stratified according to age (50-59, 60-69, 70-79 and 80-89 years) and education level of the subjects. The first level includes subjects with the French Primary Education Certificate or lower. The second level includes subjects with the Certificate of Professional Aptitude or the Brevet (equivalent to the GCSE). The third level includes subjects with the Baccalaureate or higher. Given that most of the tests did not satisfy the normal distribution, percentiles (tenth, twenty-fifth, seventy-fifth, ninetieth percentile and median) were used to define age and education norms. The results show a high participation rate (75 %) and are similar to those obtained in the literature: The results decreased with age and improved in grade level. Nevertheless, the results exhibited great variability for the tenth percentile in comparison with results reported in the literature. CONCLUSION The development of comparative norms for the RAPID battery from a same sample facilitates the interpretation of individual results in terms of cognitive profile.
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Croisile B, Simon E, Astier JL, Beaumont C, Mollion H. [The 5-word test in 85 patients with generalized anxiety disorder]. Presse Med 2009; 38:1568-76. [PMID: 19497705 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2009.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Revised: 03/21/2009] [Accepted: 03/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) expressed frequent memory complaints leading to consultations in memory clinics. The 5-word test (5WT) is a serial verbal memory test with semantic cuing. It is proposed to rapidly evaluate memory of people with memory complaints. It has previously shown its sensitivity and its specificity in identifying patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The objective was to evaluate memory performances of patients with GAD. METHODS Characteristics of the 5WT were investigated in a sample of 85 patients with GAD compared with 183 normal controls aged from 40 to 70 years. RESULTS For each score of the 5WT, GAD patients significantly differed from controls. Forgetting rate was twice more important in GAD patients than in controls. However, for any score of the 5WT, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves found no significant cut-off scores combining reliable sensitivity, specificity and correct classification of the subjects. DISCUSSION In spite of ancient and severe mnestic complaints, GAD patients have significant difficulties with the 5WT as compared to controls without being of the magnitude of those observed in AD patients. CONCLUSION The 5WT is an easy and rapid test allowing a reliable evaluation of memory in GAD patients. Results could usually confort patients. The presence of true memory deficits with the 5WT could not be ascribed to anxiety but to other pathological conditions. Consequently, further memory testing should be done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Croisile
- Service de Neuropsychologie, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, 59 boulevard Pinel, F-69677 Bron cedex, France.
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[Usefulness of the 10 pictures reminding test for memory assessment for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment and anxiety/depression]. Rev Med Interne 2008; 29:766-72. [PMID: 18692277 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2008.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2007] [Revised: 04/28/2008] [Accepted: 05/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Episodic memory is often considered to be essential in the neuropsychological examination of elderly people consulting in the memory clinics. Therefore, the performance of three different episodic memory tests were compared in Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and anxiety/depression. METHODS Seventy-six patients with AD, 46 with MCI, and 36 with anxiety/depression performed three memory tests: (1) three-words immediate and delayed recall of the MMSE test; (2) 10-pictures reminding test; (3) 16-items free and cued reminding test. RESULTS Patients with AD and MCI differed from the depressed/anxious participants on all subcomponents of the memory tests. Only the three-words immediate and delayed recall in the MMSE test as well as the immediate recall (encoding) of the free and cued reminding test (16-items) did not differ between AD and MCI. Significant correlations were also evidenced between the free and cued recall of the 10 pictures and the score of the 16-items for all patients. Scores of total and free recalls distinguished the three group of patients; also, a trend was observed for the free recall between the patients with AD and MCI. CONCLUSION The three-words immediate and delayed recall of the MMSE test is linked with hippocampic dysfunction. Also, the present study suggests that the 10-pictures reminding test, is a simple and reliable test for investigating memory, in addition to other evaluation tests. Finally, further studies would be necessary to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the tests.
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Démence sémantique : réflexions d’un groupe de travail pour des critères de diagnostic en français et la constitution d’une cohorte de patients. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2008; 164:343-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2008.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2007] [Revised: 01/28/2008] [Accepted: 02/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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