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Campos DMB, Barbosa AP, de Oliveira JA, Tavares GG, Cravo PVL, Ostermayer AL. Human lagochilascariasis-A rare helminthic disease. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017. [PMID: 28640884 PMCID: PMC5480834 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Lagochilascariasis is a parasitic disease caused by a helminth of the order Ascaroidea, genus Lagochilascaris that comprises 6 species, among which only Lagochilascaris minor Leiper, 1909, is implicated in the human form of the disease. It is remarkable that the majority of cases of human lagochilascariasis in the Americas have been reported in Brazil. The natural definitive hosts of this parasite seem to be wild felines and canines. Lagochilascariasis is mostly a chronic human disease that can persist for several years, in which the parasite burrows into the subcutaneous tissues of the neck, paranasal sinuses, and mastoid. L. minor exhibits remarkable ability to migrate through the tissues of its hosts, destroying even bone tissue. Fatal cases have been described in which the parasite was found in the lungs or central nervous system. Treatment is often palliative, with recurrence of lesions. This paper summarizes the main features of the disease and its etiologic agent, including prevalence, life cycle, clinical course, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulcinea Maria Barbosa Campos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociedade Tecnologia e Meio Ambiente e Curso de Farmácia, Centro Universitário de Anápolis–UniEVANGÉLICA, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Alverne Passos Barbosa
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Giovana Galvão Tavares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociedade Tecnologia e Meio Ambiente e Curso de Farmácia, Centro Universitário de Anápolis–UniEVANGÉLICA, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Pedro Vitor Lemos Cravo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociedade Tecnologia e Meio Ambiente e Curso de Farmácia, Centro Universitário de Anápolis–UniEVANGÉLICA, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Fehlberg MF, da Silva DS, Langone PQ, da Silva MAMP, Pesenti TC, Mascarenhas CS, Gomes SN, Gallina T, Mendes MDM, de Macedo MRP, Bernardon FF, Berne MEA, Müller G. Lagochilascariasis in cats (Felis catus domesticus) in southern Brazil. J Feline Med Surg 2014; 16:1007-9. [DOI: 10.1177/1098612x14525386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lagochilascariasis, a parasitic disease little known in Brazil, is caused by an ascarid nematode that has a peculiar life cycle, with a predilection site for the cervical region in the final hosts: humans, cats and dogs. We aimed to record the occurrence of Lagochilascaris minor in domestic cats from rural areas in the Municipality of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, with reports of clinical signs and the treatment applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta F Fehlberg
- College of Veterinary, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Diego S da Silva
- Laboratory of Wild Animals Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Q Langone
- Laboratory of Wild Animals Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Maria AMP da Silva
- Laboratory of Wild Animals Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Tatiana C Pesenti
- Laboratory of Wild Animals Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Carolina S Mascarenhas
- Laboratory of Wild Animals Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Sâmara N Gomes
- Laboratory of Wild Animals Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - T Gallina
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, Brazil
| | - Mariana de M Mendes
- Laboratory of Wild Animals Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Márcia RP de Macedo
- Laboratory of Wild Animals Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Fabiana F Bernardon
- Laboratory of Wild Animals Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Maria EA Berne
- Laboratory of Wild Animals Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Gertrud Müller
- Laboratory of Wild Animals Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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Pena HFDJ, Kasai N, Gennari SM. Experimental life cycle of Lagochilascaris major leiper, 1910 (Nematoda: Ascarididae) in cats (Felis domesticus). J Parasitol 2002; 88:1143-50. [PMID: 12537109 DOI: 10.1645/0022-3395(2002)088[1143:elcolm]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The life cycle of Lagochilascaris major was studied using eggs collected from a natural clinical case in a domestic cat. Twenty-seven white mice (Mus musculaus), 5 hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus), and 1 vesper mouse (Calomys callosus) were orally inoculated with 800-1,300 embryonated eggs. When examined from 73 to 246 days postinoculation (PI), encysted third-stage larvae were seen in skeletal muscles and less frequently in connective tissue, liver, and lungs. Twenty-two of the 23 cats orally inoculated with 40-430 encysted larvae from these rodents, and necropsied from 1 hr to 185 days PI, became infected. Third-stage larvae were located in the stomach, esophagus, and oropharynx from 1 to 24 hr PI. At 48 hr, larvae, from mainly the fourth stage, were only found, unilaterally or bilaterally, inside a "sac" in the region of the semilunar fold of the palatine tonsil at the base of the tongue. Adult worms were found in this location from 10 to 175 days PI. No fistulated abscess to the outside medium was found. Adult worms were also found in the middle ears of 2 cats showing purulent otitis. Eggs in the ear secretion were under different stages of development. Eggs in feces were first observed on days 14 and 15 PI, and 1 cat shed them until 178 days PI. Six infected cats were treated with fenbendazole at 50 mg/kg of body weight for 3 consecutive days, eliminating all the parasites present in the tonsils. The drug was not effective against the parasites present in the middle ear. No stage of the parasite was found in the tissues of 5 cats given 4,000-5,200 eggs orally and examined after 19 and 50 days PI. This indicates that the life cycle of L. major requires an obligate paratenic host and is characterized by heteroxenic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda F de J Pena
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, CEP 05508-900, Brazil.
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