1
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Maruoka K. Design of Maruoka Catalysts for Asymmetric Phase-Transfer Catalysis. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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2
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Szakonyi Z, Raji M, Le TM, Csámpai A, Nagy V, Zupkó I. Stereoselective Synthesis and Applications of Pinane-Based Chiral 1,4-Amino Alcohol Derivatives. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1719887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA new library of pinane-based 1,4-amino alcohols was synthesised and utilised as chiral ligands in enantioselective diethylzinc addition to benzaldehyde. Aldol condensation of (+)-nopinone, derived from (–)-β-pinene, with 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde gave the key intermediate α,β-unsaturated ketone, which was transformed in diastereoselective reduction, followed by hydrogenation, resulting in 1,4-amino alcohols. On the other hand, epoxidation of the α,β-unsaturated ketone, followed by reduction and then hydrogenation of the pyridine ring, afforded a mixture of 4-amino-2,3-epoxy-1-ols. Stereoselective hydride reduction of the epoxy ketone and subsequent condensation of the resulting products with substituted benzyl bromides provided quaternary ammonium salts, which were subjected to hydride reduction and then hydrogenation, affording 4-amino-2,3-epoxy-1-ol derivatives containing an N-benzylpiperidine moiety. The inhibition of nucleophile-initiated opening of the oxirane ring was interpreted by a systematic series of comparative Hartree–Fock modelling study using the 6-31+G(d,p) basis set. The antiproliferative activities of 4-amino-2,3-epoxy-1-ol derivatives were examined, and structure–activity relationships were studied from the aspects of the stereochemistry of the oxirane ring, saturation, and substituent effects on the piperidine ring system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Szakonyi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Interdisciplinary Excellence Center
| | - Mounir Raji
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Interdisciplinary Excellence Center
| | - Tam Minh Le
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Interdisciplinary Excellence Center
- MTA-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Science
| | | | - Viktória Nagy
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Center, University of Szeged
| | - István Zupkó
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Center, University of Szeged
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3
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Ullah MW, Thao NTP, Sugimoto T, Haraguchi N. Synthesis of core-corona polymer microsphere-supported cinchonidinium salt and its application to asymmetric synthesis. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2019.110392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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4
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He CQ, Simon A, Lam YH, Brunskill APJ, Yasuda N, Tan J, Hyde AM, Sherer EC, Houk KN. Model for the Enantioselectivity of Asymmetric Intramolecular Alkylations by Bis-Quaternized Cinchona Alkaloid-Derived Catalysts. J Org Chem 2017; 82:8645-8650. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cyndi Qixin He
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Adam Simon
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Yu-hong Lam
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Andrew P. J. Brunskill
- Department
of Process Chemistry, Merck and Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New
Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Nobuyoshi Yasuda
- Department
of Process Chemistry, Merck and Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New
Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jiajing Tan
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Alan M. Hyde
- Department
of Process Chemistry, Merck and Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New
Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Edward C. Sherer
- Department
of Process Chemistry, Merck and Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New
Jersey 07065, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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5
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Breman AC, van der Heijden G, van Maarseveen JH, Ingemann S, Hiemstra H. Synthetic and Organocatalytic Studies of Quinidine Analogues with Ring-Size Modifications in the Quinuclidine Moiety. Chemistry 2016; 22:14247-56. [PMID: 27531315 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Six highly enantiopure analogues of [2.2.2] were synthesized with five- or seven-membered rings in the (original) quinuclidine skeleton. Five of these compounds were prepared through epoxide opening by a secondary cyclic amine, providing the nor- and homoquinuclidine moieties through five- and six-membered ring formation. This method failed in the case of seven-membered ring formation, so for that particular ring size a different synthetic route starting from 3-quinuclidone was applied. The six novel analogues were examined as organocatalysts in four asymmetric conjugate addition reactions and the results compared with those of known cinchona alkaloid catalysts. This study shows that modification of the quinuclidine ring can have a substantial influence on catalyst activity and enantioselectivity. To acquire more insight into the characteristics of the new catalysts, the pKaH values were determined by means of fluorescence spectroscopy. Furthermore, relative reaction rates of conjugate thiol additions reactions catalyzed by these quinidine analogues were measured through polarimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjen C Breman
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gydo van der Heijden
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H van Maarseveen
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steen Ingemann
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Hiemstra
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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6
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Schettini R, De Riccardis F, Della Sala G, Izzo I. Enantioselective Alkylation of Amino Acid Derivatives Promoted by Cyclic Peptoids under Phase-Transfer Conditions. J Org Chem 2016; 81:2494-505. [PMID: 26914694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The effects of substituents and cavity size on catalytic efficiency of proline-rich cyclopeptoids under phase-transfer conditions were studied. High affinity constants (Ka) for the sodium and potassium cations, comparable to those reported for crown ethers, were observed for an alternated N-benzylglycine/L-proline hexameric cyclopeptoid. This compound was found to catalyze the alkylation of N-(diphenylmethylene)glycine cumyl ester in values of enantioselectivities comparable with those reported for the Cinchona alkaloid ammonium salts derivatives (83-96% ee), and with lower catalyst loading (1-2.5% mol), in the presence of a broad range of benzyl, allyl and alkyl halides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Schettini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Francesco De Riccardis
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Giorgio Della Sala
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Irene Izzo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
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7
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Mangawa SK, Singh AK, Awasthi SK. Design and synthesis of a s-triazene based asymmetric organocatalyst and its application in enantioselective alkylation. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra11209e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A very efficient chiral organocatalyst was prepared from the readily available cyanuric chloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrawan K. Mangawa
- Chemical Biology Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- India
| | - Ashawani K. Singh
- Chemical Biology Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- India
| | - Satish K. Awasthi
- Chemical Biology Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- India
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8
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Synthesis of cinchonidinium salts containing sulfonamide functionalities and their catalytic activity in asymmetric alkylation reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Hintermann L, Dittmer C. Asymmetric Ion-Pairing Catalysis of the Reversible Cyclization of 2′-Hydroxychalcone to Flavanone: Asymmetric Catalysis of an Equilibrating Reaction. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Parvez MM, Haraguchi N, Itsuno S. Molecular design of chiral quaternary ammonium polymers for asymmetric catalysis applications. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:2870-7. [PMID: 22392543 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob06909a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Repeated reaction between a chiral quaternary ammonium dimer and disodium disulfonate gave a chiral ionic polymer, which showed excellent catalytic activity in the asymmetric benzylation of N-diphenylmethylene glycine tert-butyl ester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Masud Parvez
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Molecular Chemistry Division, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, 441-8580, Japan
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11
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Nun P, Pérez V, Calmès M, Martinez J, Lamaty F. Preparation of Chiral Amino Esters by Asymmetric Phase-Transfer Catalyzed Alkylations of Schiff Bases in a Ball Mill. Chemistry 2012; 18:3773-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Maciver EE, Knipe PC, Cridland AP, Thompson AL, Smith MD. Catalytic enantioselective electrocyclic cascades. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1sc00697e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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13
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Tarí S, Avila A, Chinchilla R, Nájera C. Enantioselective quaternization of 4-substituted oxazol-5-(4H)-ones using recoverable Cinchona-derived dimeric ammonium salts as phase-transfer organocatalysts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2012.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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14
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Kanemitsu T, Koga S, Nagano D, Miyazaki M, Nagata K, Itoh T. Asymmetric Alkylation of Malonic Diester Under Phase-Transfer Conditions. ACS Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/cs200304g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kanemitsu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Shintaro Koga
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nagano
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Michiko Miyazaki
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nagata
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Takashi Itoh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
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15
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Denmark SE, Gould ND, Wolf LM. A systematic investigation of quaternary ammonium ions as asymmetric phase-transfer catalysts. Synthesis of catalyst libraries and evaluation of catalyst activity. J Org Chem 2011; 76:4260-336. [PMID: 21446721 PMCID: PMC3107728 DOI: 10.1021/jo2005445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite over three decades of research into asymmetric phase-transfer catalysis (APTC), a fundamental understanding of the factors that affect the rate and stereoselectivity of this important process are still obscure. This paper describes the initial stages of a long-term program aimed at elucidating the physical organic foundations of APTC employing a chemoinformatic analysis of the alkylation of a protected glycine imine with libraries of enantiomerically enriched quaternary ammonium ions. The synthesis of the quaternary ammonium ions follows a diversity-oriented approach wherein the tandem inter[4 + 2]/intra[3 + 2] cycloaddition of nitroalkenes serves as the key transformation. A two-part synthetic strategy comprised of (1) preparation of enantioenriched scaffolds and (2) development of parallel synthesis procedures is described. The strategy allows for the facile introduction of four variable groups in the vicinity of a stereogenic quaternary ammonium ion. The quaternary ammonium ions exhibited a wide range of activity and to a lesser degree enantioselectivity. Catalyst activity and selectivity are rationalized in a qualitative way on the basis of the effective positive potential of the ammonium ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott E Denmark
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.
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16
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Wang Y, Yu J, Miao Z, Chen R. Bifunctional primary amine-thiourea–TfOH (BPAT·TfOH) as a chiral phase-transfer catalyst: the asymmetric synthesis of dihydropyrimidines. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:3050-4. [PMID: 21394354 DOI: 10.1039/c0ob01268h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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17
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E. Denmark S. Deconstructing Quinine. Part 1. Toward an Understanding of the Remarkable Performance of Cinchona Alkaloids in Asymmetric Phase Transfer Catalysis. HETEROCYCLES 2010. [DOI: 10.3987/com-10-s(e)108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Jew SS, Park HG. Cinchona-based phase-transfer catalysts for asymmetric synthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:7090-103. [PMID: 19920996 DOI: 10.1039/b914028j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phase-transfer catalysis is one of the most useful methodologies for practical syntheses given its operational simplicity and mild reaction conditions that enable its application in industrial processes. Cinchona alkaloids have been a popular, natural source of practical organocatalysts due largely to their excellent commercial availability and low cost. Since the first Cinchona alkaloid-derived phase-transfer catalysts was disclosed in 1981, diverse generations of Cinchona-derived phase-transfer catalysts have been developed and successfully applied to various asymmetric syntheses. In this feature article, we describe the generation of Cinchona-derived chiral phase-transfer catalysts according to the development stages and our efforts toward the design of polymeric Cinchona phase-transfer catalysts, the effects of the electronic functional group incorporated in the catalysts, and their application in asymmetric organic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-sup Jew
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
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19
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Arakawa Y, Haraguchi N, Itsuno S. An Immobilization Method of Chiral Quaternary Ammonium Salts onto Polymer Supports. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200802800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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20
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Arakawa Y, Haraguchi N, Itsuno S. An Immobilization Method of Chiral Quaternary Ammonium Salts onto Polymer Supports. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:8232-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200802800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Maruoka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
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22
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Li Q, Li L, Pei W, Wang S, Zhang Z. Synthesis of the Novel Chiral Catalysts by Click Chemistry and Their Application. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910801914020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- a Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin , China
| | - Le Li
- a Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin , China
| | - Wenbo Pei
- a Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin , China
| | - Shanwei Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin , China
| | - Zhengpu Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin , China
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23
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Calixarene-based chiral phase-transfer catalysts derived from cinchona alkaloids for enantioselective synthesis of α-amino acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2008.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Hashimoto T, Maruoka K. Recent Development and Application of Chiral Phase-Transfer Catalysts. Chem Rev 2007; 107:5656-82. [DOI: 10.1021/cr068368n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 652] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Hashimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| | - Keiji Maruoka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
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25
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Shirakawa S, Ueda M, Tanaka Y, Hashimoto T, Maruoka K. Design of Binaphthyl-Modified Symmetrical Chiral Phase-Transfer Catalysts: Substituent Effect of 4,4′,6,6′-Positions of Binaphthyl Rings in the Asymmetric Alkylation of a Glycine Derivative. Chem Asian J 2007; 2:1276-81. [PMID: 17705320 DOI: 10.1002/asia.200700117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A series of symmetrical chiral phase-transfer catalysts with 4,4',6,6'-tetrasubstituted binaphthyl units have been designed, and these aryl- and trialkylsilyl-substituted phase-transfer catalysts, which included a highly fluorinated catalyst, were prepared. The chiral efficiency of these chiral phase-transfer catalysts was investigated in the asymmetric alkylation of tert-butylglycinate-benzophenone Schiff base under mild phase-transfer conditions, and the eminent substituent effect of the 4,4',6,6'-positions of the binaphthyl units on enantioselection was observed. In particular, the OctMe2Si-substituted catalyst was found to be highly efficient for the phase-transfer alkylation of tert-butylglycinate-benzophenone Schiff base with various alkyl halides, including sec-alkyl halides. The highly fluorinated catalyst was also utilized as a recyclable chiral phase-transfer catalyst by simple extraction with fluorous solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Shirakawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Abstract
The use of chiral nonracemic onium salts and crown ethers as effective phase-transfer catalysts have been studied intensively primarily for enantioselective carbon-carbon or carbon-heteroatom bond-forming reactions under mild biphasic conditions. An essential issue for optimal asymmetric catalysis is the rational design of catalysts for targeted reaction, which allows generation of a well-defined chiral ion pair that reacts with electrophiles in a highly efficient and stereoselective manner. This concept, together with the synthetic versatility of phase-transfer catalysis, provides a reliable and general strategy for the practical asymmetric synthesis of highly valuable organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ooi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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27
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Polymeric chiral phase-transfer catalysts derived from cinchona alkaloids for enantioselective synthesis of α-amino acids. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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Kobayashi Y, Furukawa K, Katsukawa M, Nuruzzaman M. Synthesis of a Series of Structural Analogues of the Cinchona Alkaloids. HETEROCYCLES 2007. [DOI: 10.3987/com-07-s(w)28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Kumar S, Sobhia ME, Ramachandran U. l-Menthol as new scaffold for designing chiral phase-transfer catalysts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2005.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Achard T, Belokon' YN, Fuentes JA, North M, Parsons T. Influence of aromatic substituents on metal(II)salen catalysed, asymmetric synthesis of α-methyl α-amino acids. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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32
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Belokon YN, Fuentes J, North M, Steed JW. Influence of the metal and chiral diamine on metal(II)salen catalysed, asymmetric synthesis of α-methyl α-amino acids. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Guillena G, Kreiter R, van de Coevering R, Klein Gebbink RJ, van Koten G, Mazón P, Chinchilla R, Nájera C. Chiroptical properties and applications in PTC of new dendritic cinchonidine-derived ammonium salts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2003.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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36
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Kumar S, Ramachandran U. Phase transfer catalyzed asymmetric alkylations of imine glycinamides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(03)00441-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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37
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Identification of a highly effective asymmetric phase-transfer catalyst derived from α-methylnaphthylamine. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)01352-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ooi T, Kameda M, Maruoka K. Design of N-spiro C2-symmetric chiral quaternary ammonium bromides as novel chiral phase-transfer catalysts: synthesis and application to practical asymmetric synthesis of alpha-amino acids. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:5139-51. [PMID: 12708866 DOI: 10.1021/ja021244h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of C(2)-symmetric chiral quaternary ammonium bromides 10 and 11 have been designed as a new, purely synthetic chiral phase-transfer catalyst, and readily prepared from commercially available optically pure 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol as a basic chiral unit. The details of the synthetic procedures of each requisite chiral binaphthyl subunit have been disclosed, and the structures of the assembled N-spiro chiral quaternary ammonium bromides 11a and 11f were unequivocally determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The reactivity and selectivity of these chiral ammonium bromides as chiral phase-transfer catalysts have been evaluated in the asymmetric alkylation of the benzophenone Schiff base of glycine ester 7 under mild liquid-liquid phase-transfer conditions, and the optimization of the reaction variables (solvent, base, and temperature) has also been conducted. Further, the scope and limitations of this asymmetric alkylation have been thoroughly investigated with a variety of alkyl halides, in which the advantage of the unique N-spiro structure of 11 and dramatic effect of the steric as well as the electronic properties of the aromatic substituents on the 3,3'-position of one binaphthyl moiety have been particularly emphasized. Finally, the potential synthetic utility of the present method for the practical asymmetric synthesis of structurally diverse natural and unnatural alpha-amino acids has been demonstrated by its successful application to the facile asymmetric syntheses of (S)-N-acetylindoline-2-carboxylate, a key intermediate in the synthesis of the ACE inhibitor, and l-Dopa (l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) ester and its analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ooi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Danelli T, Annunziata R, Benaglia M, Cinquini M, Cozzi F, Tocco G. Immobilization of catalysts derived from Cinchona alkaloids on modified poly(ethylene glycol). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(02)00830-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yang HM, Wu HS. Interfacial Mechanism and Kinetics of Phase-Transfer Catalysis. CATALYSIS REVIEWS-SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2003. [DOI: 10.1081/cr-120025540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Jwo JJ. Phase Transfer Catalysis: Fundamentals and Selected Systems. CATALYSIS REVIEWS-SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2003. [DOI: 10.1081/cr-120025539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Lygo B, Andrews BI, Crosby J, Peterson JA. Asymmetric alkylation of glycine imines using in situ generated phase-transfer catalysts. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)01982-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Unexpected metal base-dependent inversion of the enantioselectivity in the asymmetric synthesis of α-amino acids using phase-transfer catalysts derived from cinchonidine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(02)00611-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Goddard R, Herzog H, Reetz MT. Cation–anion CH⋯O− interactions in the metal-free phenolate, tetra-n-butylammonium phenol-phenolate. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00900-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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New dimeric anthracenyl-derived Cinchona quaternary ammonium salts as phase-transfer catalysts for the asymmetric synthesis of α-amino acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(02)00211-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
The last few years have witnessed a spectacular advancement in new catalytic methods based on metal-free organic molecules. In many cases, these small compounds give rise to extremely high enantioselectivities. Preparative advantages are notable: usually the reactions can be performed under an aerobic atmosphere with wet solvents. The catalysts are inexpensive and they are often more stable than enzymes or other bioorganic catalysts. Also, these small organic molecules can be anchored to a solid support and reused more conveniently than organometallic/bioorganic analogues, and show promising adaptability to high-throughput screening and process chemistry. Herein we focus on four different domains in which organocatalysis has made major advances: 1) The activation of the reaction based on the nucleophilic/electrophilic properties of the catalysts. This type of catalysis has much in common with conventional Lewis acid/base activation by metal complexes. 2) Transformations in which the organic catalyst forms a reactive intermediate: the chiral catalyst is consumed in the reaction and requires regeneration in a parallel catalytic cycle. 3) Phase-transfer reactions: The chiral catalyst forms a host-guest complex with the substrate and shuttles between the standard organic solvent and the second phase (i.e. a solid, aqueous, or fluorous phase in which the organic transformation takes place). 4) Molecular-cavity-accelerated asymmetric transformations: the catalyst can select between competing substrates, depending on size and structure criteria. The rate acceleration of a given reaction is similar to the Lewis acid/base activation and is the consequence of the simultaneous action of different polar functions. Herein it is shown that organocatalysis complements rather than competes with current methods. It offers something conceptually novel and opens new horizons in synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter I. Dalko
- Laboratoire de Recherches Organiques associé au CNRS, ESCPI 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05 (France)
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