Unambiguous synthesis of 1-methyl-3-hydroxypyrazoles

Arylazanylpyrazolone derivatives as inhibitors of mutant superoxide dismutase 1 dependent protein aggregation for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

The arylsulfanylpyrazolone and aryloxanylpyrazolone scaffolds previously were reported to inhibit Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 dependent protein aggregation and to extend survival in the ALS mouse model. However, further evaluation of these compounds indicated weak pharmacokinetic properties and a relatively low maximum tolerated dose. On the basis of an ADME analysis, a new series of compounds, the arylazanylpyrazolones, has been synthesized, and structure-activity relationships were determined. The SAR results showed that the pyrazolone ring is critical to cellular protection. The NMR, IR, and computational analyses suggest that phenol-type tautomers of the pyrazolone ring are the active pharmacophore with the arylazanylpyrazolone analogues. A comparison of experimental and calculated IR spectra is shown to be a valuable method to identify the predominant tautomer.

5-Iodo-3-ethoxypyrazoles: an entry point to new chemical entities

Our program, which has focused on the preparation of new pyrazole derivatives, has led us to report here an original and simplified preparation of ethyl 3-ethoxy-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate. This is based on the reaction of hydrazine monohydrochloride and diethyl 2-(ethoxymethylene)malonate. Further transformations of this key compound allowed the preparation of the two possible iodinated isomers, namely, 3-ethoxy-4-iodo- and 3-ethoxy-5-iodo-1H-pyrazole. These compounds have opened the way to a quick access to many original pyrazole series. As an illustration, we report here on the selectivity of N-arylation, by using the Lam and Cham method, the C4- and C5-arylation of some of these 3-ethoxypyrazole derivatives by using the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction, and C5-benzylation reactions by means of the Negishi reaction. This was followed by hydrolysis of the ethoxy group, which led to the corresponding pyrazol-3-one derivatives. As a conclusion of this work, we conducted an investigation into the regiochemistry of the condensation between diethyl 2-(ethoxymethylene)malonate and the hydrochloride salts of methyl, benzyl, or phenyl hydrazine.

Synthesis, in vitro antiproliferative activities, and Chk1 inhibitory properties of indolylpyrazolones and indolylpyridazinedione

The synthesis of 5-indolylpyrazol-3-one, 4-indolylpyrazol-3-one and 4-indolyl-pyridazin-3,6-dione is reported. Their Chk1 inhibitory properties have been evaluated and their in vitro antiproliferative activities toward three tumor cell lines: murine leukemia L1210, human colon carcinoma HT29 and HCT116 have been determined. 4-Indolyl-pyridazin-3,6-dione is inactive against Chk1 and exhibits weak cytotoxicities toward the tumor cell lines tested. The IC(50) values toward Chk1 of the two indolylpyrazolones are identical and are in the micromolar range, but the cytotoxicities of 4-indolylpyrazol-3-one are significantly stronger than those of 5-indolylpyrazol-3-one. Since 4-indolylpyrazol-3-one and 5-indolylpyrazol-3-one can present several conformers and tautomeric forms, molecular modelling in the ATP binding site of Chk1 has been carried out to investigate which form could induce the best stabilization in the active site of the enzyme. To get an insight into the kinase selectivity of these compounds, their inhibitory activities toward Src kinase were evaluated.

Synthesis of 4,5-Diaryl-1H-pyrazole-3-ol Derivatives as Potential COX-2 Inhibitors

4,5-Diaryl-1H-pyrazole-3-ol was utilized as a versatile template to synthesize several classes of compounds such as pyrazolo-oxazines 7, pyrazolo-benzooxazines 9, pyrazolo-oxazoles 10, and its analogues 11a-c as potential COX-2 inhibitors. Compounds 11b,c were successfully synthesized with use of pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate mediated cyclization of the ketal intermediate. Diaryl-pyrazolo-benzooxazepine analogues were synthesized by using Cu-mediated cyclization of the O-alkylated arylbromide intermediate. Arylsulfonamides were synthesized efficiently on a large scale with 4-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]benzenesulfonamide 31 template readily synthesized from commercially available 4-sulfamoyl benzoic acid 29. The structure of a representative compound from each class was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Selected compounds tested for inhibitory activity against COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes showed good selectivity for COX-2 versus COX-1 enzyme.