The preparation, resolution and chemistry of 1-(3,6-dimethylpyrazin-2-yl)(2-naphthyl)diphenylphosphine, an axially chiral phosphinamine

Transition metal-catalyzed functionalization of pyrazines

Transition metal-catalyzed reactions are generally used for carbon-carbon bond formation on pyrazines and include, but are not limited to, classical palladium-catalyzed reactions like Sonogashira, Heck, Suzuki, and Stille reactions. Also a few examples of carbon-heteroatom bond formation in pyrazines are known. This perspective reviews recent progress in the field of transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions on pyrazine systems. It deals with the most important C-C- and C-X-bond formation methodologies.

Palladium catalyzed cross-coupling reactions for phosphorus–carbon bond formation

Underappreciated in the realm of palladium catalyzed cross-coupling chemistry is the formation of phosphorous-carbon bonds. This tutorial review summarises a collection of important contributions in the area, providing a flavour of the many types of phosphorus species that are participants in palladium catalyzed phosphorus-carbon bond formation. Recent developments include the usage of the cross-coupling reaction for preparation of phosphine ligands and the involvement of low molecular weight phosphinic acid derivatives for the synthesis of unsaturated phosphinic and phosphonic acid derivatives. Mechanistic cycles are offered in some instances. Stereochemical issues are addressed where applicable. The literature is covered to mid 2003.

Palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions of potassium aryl- and heteroaryltrifluoroborates

An extended study of the reactivity of potassium aryl- and heteroaryltrifluoroborates in Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions is presented. The coupling of aryl- and electron-rich heteroaryltrifluoroborates with aryl and activated heteroaryl bromides proceeds readily under ligandless conditions. When deactivated aryl- and heteroaryltrifluoroborates are coupled with aryl and heteroaryl bromides and chlorides, a low loading (0.5-2%) of PdCl(2)(dppf).CH(2)Cl(2) efficiently catalyzes the reactions. Under either condition, reactions can generally be carried out in an open atmosphere.